大学放射化学经典课件第一章——核科学起源
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大学放射化学经典课件第一章——核科 学起源Leabharlann Baidu
Marie Curie (1867-1934)
发现U，Th也有类似的性质， 进一步研究时发现某些矿物 中的放射性比其中所含U， Th的放射性要强的多
Marie Curie 玛丽居里 subsequently showed that all uranium and thorium compounds produced ionizing radiation independent of the chemical composition of the salts. This was convincing evidence that the radiation was a property of the element uranium or thorium. Moreover, she observed that some uranium minerals such as pitchblende沥青铀矿 produced more ionizing radiation than pure uranium compounds.
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845-192大3学) 放射化学经典学课起件源第一章——核科
研究x射线产生原因时，发现 硫酸钾复盐具有的自发射线
Becquerel 贝克勒尔soon found that the radiation causing the blackening was not "a transformation of solar energy" because it was found to occur even with assemblies that had not been exposed to light; the uranyl (铀酰)salt obviously produced radiation spontaneously. This radiation, which was first called uranium rays (or Becquerel rays) but later termed radioactive radiation (or simply radioactivity)1, was similar to X-rays in that it ionized air, as observed through the discharge of electroscopes.
substance for which they suggested the name radium镭.
• In order to prove that polonium and radium were in fact two new elements, large amounts of pitchblende were processed, and in 1902 M. Curie announced that she had been able to isolate about 0.1 g of pure radium chloride from more than one ton of pitchblende waste. The determination of the atomic weight of radium and the measurement of its emission spectrum provided the final proof that a new element had been isolated.
大学放射化学经典课件第一章——核科 学起源
• After hard working, the Curies discovered polonium钋(1898,7)
• 1898,9 the Curies, together with G. Bemont, isolated another radioactive
硫酸铀酰钾（K2UO2(SO4)2.2H2O）； ❖ 1896年， Becquerel 提供了第一批实验结果：硫酸铀酰复盐晶体受强烈
阳光照射后，放出一种穿透能力很强的辐射； （1）在强光、弱光、无光的条件下，铀盐都具有感光现象； （2）其它铀盐、亚铀盐、铀盐溶液、金属铀都能产生这种辐射，且与铀
含量成正比；
大学放射化学经典课件第一章——核科 学起源
Curie夫妇 的成就 ❖ 发现钍发出与铀具有相似的射线； ❖ 天然铀矿石的放射性比纯铀、人工合成铀矿石的强； ❖ 在天然铀矿石的分离过程，发现了钋和镭元素，并经光谱法证实；
Antoine Henri Becqu大e学r放e射l 化学经典课件第一章——核科
(1852-1908)
学起源
Becquerel 的发现 ❖ Roentgen（伦琴）发现了令人费解的射线，这种射线在玻璃壁和其它一
些材料中会产生荧光（当时称为磷光）； ❖ 1880年Becquerel，受他祖父和父亲的影响，对磷光现象感兴趣，制备出
Radiochemistry 放射化学
Chapter1 Origin of Nuclear Science 第一章 核科学起源
大学放射化学经典课件第一章——核科 学起源
发现x射线
In 1895 W. Roentgen 伦琴 discovered that when cathode rays 阴极射线(i.e. electrons) struck the wall of an evacuated glass tube, it caused the wall material to emit visible light (fluoresce荧光), while at the same time a very penetrating radiation 穿透辐射was produced. The name X-ray was given to this radiation.
Marie Curie (1867-1934)
发现U，Th也有类似的性质， 进一步研究时发现某些矿物 中的放射性比其中所含U， Th的放射性要强的多
Marie Curie 玛丽居里 subsequently showed that all uranium and thorium compounds produced ionizing radiation independent of the chemical composition of the salts. This was convincing evidence that the radiation was a property of the element uranium or thorium. Moreover, she observed that some uranium minerals such as pitchblende沥青铀矿 produced more ionizing radiation than pure uranium compounds.
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845-192大3学) 放射化学经典学课起件源第一章——核科
研究x射线产生原因时，发现 硫酸钾复盐具有的自发射线
Becquerel 贝克勒尔soon found that the radiation causing the blackening was not "a transformation of solar energy" because it was found to occur even with assemblies that had not been exposed to light; the uranyl (铀酰)salt obviously produced radiation spontaneously. This radiation, which was first called uranium rays (or Becquerel rays) but later termed radioactive radiation (or simply radioactivity)1, was similar to X-rays in that it ionized air, as observed through the discharge of electroscopes.
substance for which they suggested the name radium镭.
• In order to prove that polonium and radium were in fact two new elements, large amounts of pitchblende were processed, and in 1902 M. Curie announced that she had been able to isolate about 0.1 g of pure radium chloride from more than one ton of pitchblende waste. The determination of the atomic weight of radium and the measurement of its emission spectrum provided the final proof that a new element had been isolated.
大学放射化学经典课件第一章——核科 学起源
• After hard working, the Curies discovered polonium钋(1898,7)
• 1898,9 the Curies, together with G. Bemont, isolated another radioactive
硫酸铀酰钾（K2UO2(SO4)2.2H2O）； ❖ 1896年， Becquerel 提供了第一批实验结果：硫酸铀酰复盐晶体受强烈
阳光照射后，放出一种穿透能力很强的辐射； （1）在强光、弱光、无光的条件下，铀盐都具有感光现象； （2）其它铀盐、亚铀盐、铀盐溶液、金属铀都能产生这种辐射，且与铀
含量成正比；
大学放射化学经典课件第一章——核科 学起源
Curie夫妇 的成就 ❖ 发现钍发出与铀具有相似的射线； ❖ 天然铀矿石的放射性比纯铀、人工合成铀矿石的强； ❖ 在天然铀矿石的分离过程，发现了钋和镭元素，并经光谱法证实；
Antoine Henri Becqu大e学r放e射l 化学经典课件第一章——核科
(1852-1908)
学起源
Becquerel 的发现 ❖ Roentgen（伦琴）发现了令人费解的射线，这种射线在玻璃壁和其它一
些材料中会产生荧光（当时称为磷光）； ❖ 1880年Becquerel，受他祖父和父亲的影响，对磷光现象感兴趣，制备出
Radiochemistry 放射化学
Chapter1 Origin of Nuclear Science 第一章 核科学起源
大学放射化学经典课件第一章——核科 学起源
发现x射线
In 1895 W. Roentgen 伦琴 discovered that when cathode rays 阴极射线(i.e. electrons) struck the wall of an evacuated glass tube, it caused the wall material to emit visible light (fluoresce荧光), while at the same time a very penetrating radiation 穿透辐射was produced. The name X-ray was given to this radiation.