本科论文英文摘要

本科论文英文摘要评价理论下汉英脱口秀节目中恭维语研究摘要：本文对产生汉语恭维语和美语恭维语差异的原因进行探寻，发现这与两种语言本身的不同，语言使用习惯的不同，思维方式，价值观和文化的不同都有关系。

通过研究，本文旨在对外语学习与应用提供帮助，并在跨文化交际过程中加深彼此的理解、减少文化冲突。

英语学习者朗读中语调偏差实证研究摘要：由于本研究主要依据语调三重系统，研究内容主要涉及三个方面的差异比较:学习者与本族语者在调群切分的偏差情况，调核位置分布情况以及对于不同句型的调型选择偏差。

非英语专业大学生元认知监控与学习者自主的相关性研究摘要：本文的目的是通过问卷调查的方法来揭露我国非英语系大学生元认知监控能力与学习自主水平相关性。

该研究同时也为了填补过去对英语学习中元认知监控研究的留白。

评价理论下汉英脱口秀节目中恭维语研究摘要：本文是英语论文范文，本文对产生汉语恭维语和美语恭维语差异的原因进行探寻，发现这与两种语言本身的不同，语言使用习惯的不同，思维方式，价值观和文化的不同都有关系。

通过研究，本文旨在对外语学习与应用提供帮助，并在跨文化交际过程中加深彼此的理解、减少文化冲突。

1. Introduction1.1 Research BackgroundOwing to the highly developed technology and convenient worldwide transportation, communications between foreigners and Chinese become more frequent than before. However, we gradually find out that different countries have different cultures. If we do not know the cultural gap between foreign countries and our country, it is not easy for us to have a betterunderstanding with each other. More seriously, conflicts are likely to take p lace. Therefore, it is a must for us to strengthen intercultural communicative competence. Compliments, as “social lubricants”, are said to “grease the social wheels” Wolfson, 1983: 89. As we can see, they play an important rolein our social life. From 1970s, many researchers have done some work on compliment language. To be more specific, compliment language has been extensively studied in its definition, its language forms, its distributionand frequency, as well as the reasons for compliments. However, there are some limitations in either English compliments study or C hinese compliments study. O n one hand, the existing contrast of C hinese and English compliments tendsto be, in fact, in China and all English-speaking countries. It lacks pertinence and the research scope is too broad. Few researches focus on similarities and differences between C hinese and American compliments. On the other hand, former studies on compliments a re on the basis of Searl’s Speech Act Theory and Leech’s Politeness Principle so the perspectives are the same. Therefore, this thesis aims to explore and clarify the similarities and differences between American compliments and Chinese compliments from a new perspective——Appraisal Theory.1.2 Research PurposesThis study, by analyzing the collected corpus, tries to accomplish three purposes: First of all, it aims at identifying the ways how both C hinese and Americans compliment people and things in different situations appearance, ability, possession, etc. This task is of great importance because it is the first and basic step to guide the latter analyses. Second, it aims to compare and contrast the C hinese compliments and American English compliments  in two subsystems of Appraisal Theory——attitude and graduation todiscover their similarities and differences, which is the main part of the thesis. Finally, it endeavors to analyze the possible reasons for the differences. This part is much more meaningful than the findings of dataanalys is because these possible reasons are crucial for us to have a better understanding about the differences between C hinese and American compliments. There is no doubt that better knowing background information of a target language facilitates foreign language learning and mutual communications.2. Literature ReviewAs mentioned before, the purpose of this thesis aims at exploring differences and similarities between Chinese compliments and American compliments from the perspective of Appraisal Theory. Therefore, it is necessary to look back the previous researches on compliments. In this chapter, the author will give a brief presentation about studies on compliments at home and abroad.2.1 A Review of ComplimentIn terms of the defining by Holmes 1995, compliment is “a speech actwhich explicitly or implicitly attributes credit to someone other than the speaker, usually the person addressed, for some ‘good’ possession, characteristic, skill etc. which is positively valued by the speaker and the hearer.” In his point of view, compliments are clearly positive politeness devices which express goodwill and solidarity between the speaker and the addressed. Herbert 1997 noted that most definitions of compliments specifiedtwo conditions: “1 an expression of admiration on the part of the speaker, 2 concerning a possession, accomplishment, or personal quality of the addressee.” Hobbs 2021 also stated that a compliment speech act could bestow credit uponthe addressee explicitly or implicitly for their possession, skill, characteristics, and so on. This research mainly chooses the above concepts of compliment given by Holmes, Herbert and Hobbs as a speech act which expresses one’s positive praise explicitly o r implicitly to the hearer.2.2 A Review of Compliment Studies AbroadIn the 1970s, a linguist Pomerantz, 1978 started the research of compliment. He studied compliment responses from a conversational perspective and classified it as four categories: acceptances, agreements, rejections and disagreements. Since 1980s, the research on compliment made widely progress. Compliment was paid considerable attention by many scholars from different aspects. Manes and Wolfson 1981 discovered that the formulas of complimentsare highly formulaic, both on their syntactic level and on their lexical level. In 1981, they took the American middle class as their research subject andtook people’s possessions, appearance, achievements and abilities as maintopics of compliment. They pointed out only nine kinds of syntactic patterns among 1200 pieces of compliment language corpus, which accounted fo r 97.2% ofall data. Moreover, among these nine syntactic patterns, three major patterns mostfrequently occurred, which accounted for 85%. They are listed below.3. Results and DiscussionAs stated above, in this thesis the author conducts a comparative stud yon talk shows based on Appraisal Theory, which can be divided into three sub-systems: attitude, engagement and graduation. This part is connected with the detailed analysis of C hinese and American compliments in talk shows fromattitude and graduation sub-systems of Appraisal Theory. The two sub-systemsand their sub-categories are employed in the analysis in detail. Furthermore,in order to make the discussion clearer and more observable, more specific analysis of examples with representative characteristics and typical featuresare presented. Meanwhile, the cases selected from C hinese and American talk shows are separated in two sections so as to give a clear and concrete elaboration. All the appraisal resources are collected and counted one by one. Based on the selection and classification, some tables will be made for illustrations and contrastive analyses. The objective data and pictorial examples are combined to give quantitative and qualitative explanations. Lastly, the corresponding reasons for the phenomena are discussed.3.1 Comparative Analysis from AttitudeAs noted above, attitude system is the core part of Appraisal Theory. It has three subcategories——affect, judgment and appreciation. Affect deals with the evaluation by expressing personal feelings; judgment assesses human behaviors by reference to moral standard and social norms; appreciation is concerned with aesthetic evaluation to the texts, processes, phenomena and even abstract things instead of human beings, especially thing-oriented. The analysis in this section is conducted in terms of the three subcategories. In this part, we will compare attitude resources in Chinese and American talk shows. Through the analysis, we can have a better understanding of the distribution of the attitude resources both in C hinese and America n compliments. We can also know what kind of attitude the speak expresses by the attitude utterances and how the attitude words achieve the speaker’s conversation goals. Finally, the possible reasons will be discussed.ConclusionIn this chapter, a summary of this study is given first. After that, the major findings are presented and this part is the kernel of the thesis. Then the limitations and suggestions of the study are discussed. The motivationsfor this thesis are two- fold. The first motivation is to extend the range of applications of Appraisal Theory. Although Appraisal Theory has been applied to a great many areas, there are few studies on the contrastive analysis of C hinese and American compliments by means of Appraisal Theory. The second motivation is to have a deep and comprehensive understanding about the similarities and differences of C hinese and American compliments, for compliment, as a common used language phenomenon in our daily life, affects our cross-cultural communication. In this thesis the author tries to analyze both Chinese and American compliments by using Appraisal Theory.In this paper, on a basis of Appraisal Theory, the author does a comparative research of compliments in Chinese and American talk shows and finally discloses some common points and specific differences in the data analys is. On one hand,Chinese compliments and American compliments have certain similarities. In attitude system, compliments in China and America both tend to affirm others’ ability, proper behaviors, good quality and value. In graduation system, the force raises in the majority of Chinese and American compliments. On the other hand, the author also concludes plenty of differences. First, in the attitude system, Americans tend to use compliments of affect while C hinese would prefer to employ compliments of judgment. Second, in the graduation system, the use of force in C hinese compliments is obviously more than that in American compliments. What is more, most of force resources raise.Specifically speaking, in judgmental sub-system, American Compliments are more focused on the affirmation of others’ ability. However, C hinese people prefer to affirm others’ behaviors which are reliable or comply with social norms.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。