中国历史1911-1949【英文】

A military academy was organized outside Guangzhou at Whampoa to train officers to create an effective army.
Sun Yat Sen seen here on a fundraising tour in the USA
1925 - Sun died before his plans could come to fruition. His funeral train is seen with his picture on the front.
Chiang Kai Shek (his brother in law and leader of the new army) Took command and established himself as leader moving against the War Lords in the successful Great Northern Expedition 19271928 .
China joined the allies in the Great War hoping to regain at least the territories run by the Germans but the treaty of Versailles awarded them to the Japanese.
The Warlords
Li Yuanbong Zhang Zuolin Yan Xishan Feng Yuxiang
Fought for control of Beijing, to be recognised as the official government of China .
Effects were disastrous, particularly on the peasants who were raped and pillaged and forced to pay taxes up to 30 years in advance, for their “protection and safety”.
May 4th 1919 demonstrations broke out in many Chinese cities and people of all classes protested and joined parties like the Guomindang (Sun’s party) or the newly founded Communist Party. They united in 1922 to end warlord rule and western domination of China. Sun Yat Sen was in control of eastern China
CHINA
The Republic 1912-1949
来自百度文库
The Guo Min Dang Warlords
The Communists The Japanese invasions Civil War and the People’s Republic
1911 -Qing Emperor abdicated to retire to the Forbidden City. The Double Ten Revolution of 1911 was successful. 1912 - Sun Yat Sen was declared first president of the new Chinese Republic.
GMD soldiers in Guangzhou eat before departing for the North.
Success of the Northern Expedition surprised everyone as many of the Warlords were defeated or made peace with the GMD. The march to Shanghai became a triumphal parade but left Chiang with a problem. He did not want to share power with his Communist allies, preferring the capitalist way of development which would ensure close ties with the USA. He decided therefore to end the United Front which had been so successful in defeating the Warlords and to eliminate his communist allies. 1927 - A bloody purge of the communists followed in Shanghai and in Guangzhou.
May 4th protests
1923-1927 - The Comintern sent Mikhail Borodin (left) to organise the new Chinese Communist Party and to assist the GMD to unite and overthrow the warlords.
General Yuan Shi Kai returned to politics and replaced Sun Yat Sen who had no power base. Sun became minister of transport hoping to modernise China. Yuan wanted to become emperor of China. He opposed by other generals and died in 1916 Set a precedent for generals to try to seize power. China was to enter one of its darkest periods, the War Lord Period.
Despairing of the imperial powers of ever helping they turned to Communist Russia for help.
They realised the need for an efficient army of their own, if China was ever going to be free and strong.