ing 形式作定语

-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语的用法

李笑寒学习材料

一、v-ing形式作定语

1. 单个v-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能。如：

building materials

= materials for building 建筑材料

drinking water

= water for drinking 饮用水

a walking stick

= a stick for walking 手杖

a reading room

= a room for reading 阅览室

a writing desk

= a desk for writing 写字台

2. 说明名词的动作，特征或性质，v-ing 与名词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，可转化为定语从句。

a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping

a drinking horse= a horse which is drinking

a dancing girl= a girl who is dancing

The man standing there is Peter’s father.

= The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.

They lived in a room facing the street.

= They lived in a room that faces the street.

3.v-ing形式作定语，看作是形容词，常翻译为“令人……的”。

a boring speech

= a speech that is boring

a surprising result

= a result that is surprising

一个惊人的结果

4. v-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：

His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.

= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.

他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。

The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.

= The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.

那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。

二、v-ing形式作宾语补足语

1. v-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，对宾语进行解释说明，与宾语是逻辑上的主动关系：

When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.

当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。

We found the snake eating the eggs.

我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。

I found a bag lying on the ground.

我发现地板上放着一个包。

2. 能用v-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:

1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：

We heard a girl singing in the next room.

I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.

Can you smell anything burning?

As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.

Listen to the birds singing.

I didn’t notice him waiting.

2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：

I won’t have you doing that.

This set me thinking.

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

I can’t get the clock going again.

You won’t catch me doing that again.

你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。

3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词原型作宾语补足语的区别：

①前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示

（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:

We passed by the classroom and saw

the teacher making the experiment.

我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。

（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师

正在做实验）

We sat there and watched the teacher make the experiment.

我们坐在那看老师做实验。

（一直在看老师作实验）

②如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：

We heard the door slam.

We heard the door slamming.

三、v-ing形式作表语

v-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：

Her hobby is painting.

她的业余爱好是画画。

My job is looking after the children.

我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。

His concern for his mother is most touching.

他对母亲的关爱很感人。

Explain the following phrases in simple English.