动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语
必修4动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语编稿老师林静【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语二. 知识精讲（一）动词的ing形式作表语1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。
Her duty is taking care of the babies.照看婴儿是她的职责。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋The film we saw last night is quite moving.我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。
（二）动词的ing形式作定语1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。
a walking stick手杖 reading room 阅览室 washing machine洗衣机2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。
Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
动词-ing形式作表语定语,宾补及状语的用法
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法一、动词-ing形式作表语1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)二、动词-ing形式作定语1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
现在分词练习题及答案
现在分词练习题及答案精品文档现在分词练习题及答案动词的-ing形式:动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成。
有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词或副词作用。
所以在句中，动词的-ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即:主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。
一般式:动词原形+-ing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生e.g. I found him lying on the ground.完成式:having+动词的过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前e.g. Do you remember having promised me that?被动式:being+动词的过去分词或having been +动词的过去分词，表示该词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者e.g. I can’t stand being treated like that.否定式:在动词的-ing形式前加not 或 nevere.g. I apologize for not having kept my promise.1. 作表语，相当于形容词。
1) The film is moving and interesting.1 / 24精品文档这部电影感人又有趣。
2) The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来激动人心。
pleasing, etc.)2. 作定语exciting news激动人心的消息a tiring day 累人的一天1) The man running over there is our chairman.=The man who is running over there is our chairman.这个跑过来的人是我们的主席。
2) The road joining the two villages is very wide.=The road that joins the two villages is very wide.连接两个村子的路非常的宽。
动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习
动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习2高中英语语法动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find 等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。
We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。
I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。
2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。
用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。
He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。
(She was getting on the car.)He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。
(She got on the car and drove off.)Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗？(Someone is knocking at the door.)Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗？(Someone knocked at the door just now.)提示：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。
动词-ing形式作宾补和状语
8. I left children ____(watch) television.
9. The policeman caught two boys ____(fight) in the street． 10. With the exam ____(draw)near, we all felt anxious. keys:1. lying 2. grow 3. rising 4. hoping 5. adding 6. Not having received 7. Having suffered 8. watching 9. fighting 10. drawing
（2）I often hear him sing this song.我经常 听到他唱这首歌。
注：①see sb./sth. doing变成被动语态，其 结构是sb./sth. be seen doing，doing在这里成 了主语补足语。 The missing boy were last seen playing near the river。那个失踪的男孩最后一次被看到是 在河边玩耍。
Working in the factory, she made a lot of factory. 在工厂工作期间，她交了很多朋 友。
Being ill, the boy didn’t come to school.因为 病了，那个男孩没有来学校。
Working hard, you will succeed.努力学习， 你就会成功。
Not knowing his telephone number, we couldn' t get in touch with him. 由于不知道 他的电话号码，我们没法与他联系。
分词ing型和ed型在英语中的用法及含义
分词ing型和ed型在英语中的用法及含义现在分词ing型具有动词的特征以及形容词或副词的功能，可以作表语、定语、状语或在复合结构中作宾补。
现在分词ing型具有主动意义。
而过去分词ed型说明主语情感心理上的感受，往往具有被动的意义。
1、现在分词ing型作表语：表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词具有主动意义，表示主语的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。
例如：a. The situation is encouraging. 形势很使人鼓舞。
She is greatly encouraged. 她深受鼓舞。
b. The food smells inviting. 这个才真诱人。
I don’t feel invited to enter such an ugly building. 我没有欲望进这么难看的建筑。
最常这样用的分词有：amazing / amazed，astonishing / astonished，surprising / surprised，encouraging / encouraged，confusing / confused，disappointing / disappointed，exciting / excited，interesting / interested，puzzling / puzzled，shocking / shocked，worrying / worried，tiring / tired，satisfying / satisfied2、现在分词ing型作定语1）上述表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词可以作前置定语，仍然表示它所修饰的名词的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。
它们与对应的过去分词作定语的区别同上。
He told us the disappointing news. 他告诉我们那令人失望的消息。
The amusing story set the amused audience laughed all the time. 令人捧腹的故事令感到好笑的观众大笑不止。
动词-ing
动名词的形式
主动形式
一般式 doing having done
被动形式
being done having been done
完成式
1.动名词一般式doing表示的动作通常是一般性动 作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动 作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动 作。 例：Students sitting in this classroom are having an English contest.（主动，同时发生） The man planting trees in front of the building is our PE teacher.（主动，进行）
2.有些动词后既可跟 动名词 也可跟 不定式，意义 上没多大区别。如：like, dislike, love, prefer, start, begin, continue 等。 例： I don’t like watching TV.（指一般性行为） I like to play basketball tomorrow. （指一次的动作） 3.need,want,require,deserve+doing/to be done 主动形式表达被动意义。 例：The car needs repairing/to be repaired. 4.permit,allow,advise,forbid doing sth. sb. to do sth. 例:She doesn’t allow talking here. us to talk here.
例：He kept me waiting for an hour in the rain.
六、做状语
可充当时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果或让步 状语。逻辑主语为句子的主语，表主动，或者 进行。 例：When hearing the good news,the students were wild with joy.（时间状语） There being nothing to do, she went home.（原因状语）
动词-ing形式用法
注意：有些动词后既可以加doing,也可以加to, 但意义不同，注意区分。
例如： remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 类似的词还有forget，regret， stop 等。
3. 作表语
eg.
His favorite sport is hiking. 他最喜欢的运动是徒步旅行。 My job is playing all kinds of instruments.
⑶ 方式和伴随状语
He sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。
伴随状语 They stared his breath using a mouth-tomouth way. 他们采用口对口的方法，使他恢复了呼吸。 方式状语
⑷结果状语 ，一般分词前面要加 so, thereby, thus, hence.
D. read
5. I always enjoy ____ to popular music at night. B A.to listen B. listening I can listen C. that I can listen D. if
D 6.We are considering ________ a trip around the island.
2. 作宾语
⑴ 作介词的宾语
eg. She is interested in working for our firm. 她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
⑵ 部分动词后必须用doing 作宾语，例如： enjoy, practise, advise, suggest, mind,
周五语法4动词-ing形式用法剖析
4. 作定语
单个动词-ing形式作定语，一般放在被修饰名 词前面。 1. 表示修饰名词的属性、作用或用途。 例： a walking stick 手杖 washing/bathing/drinking water 洗衣/洗澡/饮用水
使动词的V-ing作定语，表示修饰名词的 性质、特点。意为：令（别人）……的
一. 动词-ing形式的两个基本特点: 表主动或者表进行
1.在时间上表示动作正在进行
eg： a falling leaf 正在飘落的树叶
试比较： a fallen leaf 已经落地的树叶
2. 在语态上表示主动 eg. Our teacher came into the room, following our monitor. 我们的老师跟在班长后面，走进教室。
注意：有些动词后既可以加doing,也可以加to, 但意义不同，注意区分。
例如： remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 类似的词还有forget，regret， stop 等。
仅 be/get/become used to 习惯于 需 be given to 沉溺于 了 be related to和…有联系… 解 be addicted to沉溺于…；对…上瘾. be opposed to/ object to 反对 be devoted to/devote oneself to 献身于,致 力于… • be admitted to被…录取 , 准进入 • be reduced to/reduce… to沦为, 使…沦为. He was reduced to begging in the street. 他沦为沿街乞。
1.做主语
动词ing作表语,定语,宾补语法讲解
V-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语一V-ing形式作表语1. 动名词作表语表示抽象的、经常性、一般的行为，可与主语互换位置。
现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。
One of his bad habits is smoking while having dinner.Smoking while having dinner is one of his bad habit．The film we saw last night is quite moving. （现在分词）我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。
注：不定式(to do)亦可作表语，但不定式侧重某次具体的动作。
Her job is ___nursing______ (nurse) patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is ___to look after___________ (look after) her granny.2.使人产生某种情绪或感觉的使动词，如disappoint, amuse, astonish, interest, frighten, puzzle, surprise, move, excite, bore, confuse等，V-ing表示“令人…的”, 而V-ed表示“(人)感到…的”。
I don’t think her joke is amusing at all.I am not amused at her joke at all.The film we saw last night was very moving.We were moved at the film we saw lat night.二V-ing形式作定语动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。
动词ing形式
2.在动词短语give up, put off, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, object to, devote oneself to, insist on,feel like等之后用动名词作宾语。
1.The thief was lucky that he just missed being caught 抓到catch) ___________( applying ourselves to 2.It is time we got down to _________________ (用心学习apply) study. you/your giving me (你给我give) so 3.I appreciated _______________ much of your time. 4.we are looking forward to his/him getting rid of smoking __________________________ (他戒烟rid). cooperating with him 同他合作 5.I can't imagine ______________________( cooperate). 6.The doctor suggested the patient's _____________ being operated on at once.(operate)
Finish the sentences below.
is useless / no use 没用) learning 1.It ___________________( without thinking . It is no good(不好) staying up too late. 2. ___________ It is worthwhile 值得) having a try at it. 3. _______________( It is a waste of time (浪费时间) 4. ____________________ playing computers games. It’s not much fun (没什么意思) going 5. _________________ to a party on your own.
v-ing形式做表语、定语、宾补
4.At this moment he noticed Robert coming in. 被动句：
Robert was noticed coming in (by him)at... (2)常接动词v-ing做宾语补足语的动词还有使役 动词have,keep,get,leave等。
1.I'll have you speaking English in five months.
二、动词v-ing的时态和语态，以teach为例。
语态 主动语态 时态
被动语态
一般式
teaching
being taught
完成式
having taught having been taught
否定式
not teaching/not having taught
1.一般式的用法 一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示 的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生。 I enjoy learning English. 我喜欢学英语。 My wife hates smoking. 我妻子憎恨抽烟。 I saw them playing under a big tree. 看见他们正在大树下玩。（同时） Hearing the bad news,Mary burst into tears.(几乎同时发生）
5.He grew more and more popular as his charming character,the little tramp,became known throughout the world.(P18L13) (_定_____语） 6.He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. (P18L17) (__定____语） 7.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining?(P18L20) (__宾__补___语） 8.The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!(P18L30) (__表____语）
非谓语动词要点笔记
非谓语动词作谓语动词非谓语: 不是作谓语，而是作定语、表语、宾补、状语、主语、宾语等。
1.-ing非谓语动词 2. –ed1. –ing 形式动名词：动词+ing, 具有名词的性质。
ing2. 分词：现在分词。
1. 作主语：Seeing is believing.It is no use doing something.2. 作宾语：like doing sth.ing : 动名词be fond of doing sthpay attention to doing sth3. 作表语：Seeing is believing.4. 作定语：（表用途和目的）a walking sticka sleeping bag1.作定语：○1单个ing作定语，放在所修饰的名词之前。
a waiting car○2-ed 短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。
the car waiting for you2. 作宾补（主补）：see sb doing sthsb be seen doing sthcatch sb doing sthsb be caught doing sth3. 作表语：（形容词化）The news is exciting.4. 作状语：○1作时间状语= when 从句Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.= When he heard the news, he jumped with joy.1.当主句主语和从句主语一致时，变为非谓语时，应去掉从句主语，若有be动词一并去掉，把动词改为非谓语动词(ing)，连词可省可不省。
ing : 分词 2. ing作状语，主语和ing是主动关系，谓语和非谓语同时发生。
○2作原因状语= because从句Being ill today, he didn’t go to school.= Because he was ill today, he didn’t go to school.○3作条件状语= if 从句Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Great Wall.= If weather permits, we’ll go to the Great Wall.○4作方式状语= by doing sthHe came running all the way.= He came by running all the way.○5作伴随状语= and 分句We went to the Great Wall, singing and laughing.= We went to the Great Wall and we were singing and laughing.○6作结果状语= and分句His parents died, leaving nothing but debts.= His parents died and left nothing but debts.○7独立成分作状语（插入语）Judging from his accent, he is from Chongqing.Generally speaking, he can do it well.ing 的否定形式：not doing sth.ing 的形式：一般式：doing 否定：not doing完成式：having done 否定：not having done被动式：being done被动完成式：having been done1.2．Not having received his letter, he decided to write to him again. 注意：1. having done 不能作定语，只能作状语。
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语
动词的ing形式作表语，定语,宾补和状语一、动词—ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible。
（= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job）她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2。
表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling。
这个问题很令困惑。
3。
常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing，disappointing, boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。
全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的—ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. （staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her）二、动词—ing形式作定语1 单个的动词—ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义.①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary—looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句.They lived in a house facing south.（=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
动词ing后面加什么词性
动词ing后面加什么词性动词ing形式后面根据动词的具体要求，可能加一个动名词，也可能加原形，还可以加不定式。
举例说明：I am cosidering moving to the USA. 我正在考虑搬到美国居住。
动词condidering 之后加的是动名词moving。
扩展资料V-ed和V-ing形式的用法：一、作表语：主语+系动词+表语（系动词有be, look, turn, get, become, smell, taste, seem, sound, appear, remain, feel）看主语是人或物 V-ed人: I am bored.V-ing物:The film is boring.※“be+V-ed”也可能是被动语态：They were trapped.(状态)They were trapped by the flood.(动作)二、作定语：单个分词+名词/代词；名词/代词+分词短语（分词短语作定语可转换为相应定语从句）看与所修饰词的关系：V-ed被动、完成：guests（who were） invited to the party; a developed countryV-ing主动、进行：the girl (who is) dancing there; a developing country三、作宾补：看与宾语的关系：V-ed被动、完成； V-ing主动、进行1、感官动词（see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, listen to, find）+宾语+宾补2、使役动词（have, make, get, keep, leave）+宾语+宾补※”make oneself+V-ed(understood, heard, noticed, known)”表结果含义※ “have+sth+done”表示：主语请人或让人做某事/主语遭遇不愉快、不测的`事/使某事被做3、表示“希望、要求”的动词（want, wish, like, expect, order）+宾语+宾补也可在V-ed前加to be4、“with+宾语+宾补”在句中表示时间、原因、方式、条件等状语eg. With the matter settled, we all went home.四、作状语：可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应状语从句。
语法知识——动词的-ing形式
作主语 动词的 -ing形式是动词的⼀种⾮谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，包括 -ing分词和 -ing动名词。
可以在句⼦中⽤作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
1.⼀般形式 Seeing is believing. 眼见为信。
Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘⽕车到杭州要16个⼩时。
2.通常为了避免句⼦主语过于冗长，⽤it作形式主语。
如： It‘s nice talking with you. 和你谈话很⾼兴。
It‘s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没⽤。
3.“There + be + no + -ing”结构，此结构的意义相当于“It‘s impossible + 不定式”。
如： There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。
作表语 动词 -ing可⽤来作表语。
如： This food smells inviting. 这种⾷物⾹味怡⼈。
My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
Their job is cleaning the window. 他们的⼯作是打扫窗⼦。
作宾语 1.动词-ing形式可以⽤作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。
I warned her against driving fast. Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的⾮限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit， acknowledge，advise， appreciate， avoid， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， excuse， escape， fancy， finish， forgive， face， endure， involve， give up， imagine， mention， mind， miss， pardon， practise， require， resent， resist， suggest， recall， resist， understand等。
非谓语动词之动词的-ing形式
词法：非谓语动词之动词的－ing形式动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征，同时还具有动词的某些特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、主补、定语和状语。
1.动词的-ing形式的时态与语态动词的-ing形式保留着动词的若干特征，又具有形容词、副词的特征，有时态和语态变化。
其时态和语态的形式如下所示：①主动语态的一般式：doing被动语态的一般式：being done其否定形式是在doing之前加上not②主动语态的完成式：having done被动语态的完成式：having been done其否定形式是在doing之前加上not（1）一般式①表示泛指时间－ing形式的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作。
I hate talking with such boastful people .Being careless is not a good habit , whatever you do .②表示与谓语同时发生的动作－ing形式的一般式可表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
The children surrouded the teacher , listening attentively to her story .Following the guide , we were walking into the deep virgin forest .③表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作对于某些动词，我们常用－ing形式的一般式表示完成，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎已经成为一种习惯。
Excuse me for being late .I don't remember ever meeting you somewhere .Thank you for giving us so much help last time we were in Queens（纽约皇后区）.④表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作Most doctors strongly insist on giving up smoking and taking plenty of exercises .（2）完成式－ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
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动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词-ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night 的逻辑主语是her)二、动词-ing形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the film very exciting.= The film is found very exciting.3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）I felt somebody standing behind me.2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won‘t have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：We heard the telephone ring.We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。
四、动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。
动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
(= After we have made full preparations...)2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
(= Since he was ill...)3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.= and left him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons...如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Although they knew all this...尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= ...and stared at the sky for a long time他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
练习题1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs.1) _______(clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.2) All of us watched the hunter ________ (bring) down the dangerous bear.3) When he woke up, he found himself ________ (lie) in hospital.4) Electricity lines were brought down by ___________ (fall) trees in the storm.5) The tall building _________ (build) now will be a hospital.6) The man ________ (wear) a sad look said, "I've lost my wallet."7) —What is a water can used for?—It's used to _________ (water) flowers or something like that.8) There was a terrible noise __________ (follow) the sudden burst of light.9) The missing boy was last seen _________ (play) near the river.10) In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _______ (point) at another person.2.-ing形式作补语练与析从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it.A. being sung; sangB. sang; singingC. sung; singD. to be sung; to sing2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night.A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned3. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting4. —Did you meet anyone ______ at the party?—No, in fact, I found the party rather ______.A. interesting; boringB. interested; boringC. interesting; boredD. interested; bored5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing6. Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run7. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; playedD. missed; to play8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked雨滴穿石，不是靠蛮力，而是靠持之以恒。