英语专业四级考试必考语法7-分词

Key to the Exercises

练习答案

•1）选择正确的职业对一个人来说非常关键。

•Choosing a right career is vital to a person.

•2）戒烟十分必要因为吸烟有害健康。

•Giving up smoking / getting rid of smoking is very necessary because smoking is harmful to health.

•3）培养良好的生活习惯对于一个孩子的成长至关重要。

•Developing / cultivating good living habits is critical for a child’s development / growth.•4）守时是一个好的品德。

•Being punctual is a good quality / virtue.

•5）热爱祖国是每个公民的义务/责任。

•Loving the motherland is every citizen’s duty / responsibility.

•6）住在乡村比住在城市更好。

•Living in the country / countryside is better than / preferable to living in the city.

•7）住在城市比住在农村更方便。

•Living in the city is more convenient than living in the country.

•8）拥有私车也会带来/导致一些问题。

•Owning a private car will also bring about / lead to some problems.

•9）婚后和父母同住会有许多不便。

•Living with parents after getting married may give rise to / result in / lead to / bring about many inconveniences.

•10）学好英语不是一件容易的事。

•Learning English well is no easy job.

•11) 我们可以从参加社会活动中受益。

•We can benefit greatly from taking part in social activities.

•12）代沟通常是因不能彼此理解而造成的。

•Generally speaking, generation gaps are resulted from not being able to understand each other.

Participles

分词

•分词(过分和现分)兼有v.和adj.的特征，可带宾(现分)或状语构成分词短语

•When visiting Beijing, he went to the Great Wall.

•It is an interesting story.

现分与过分的区别

• A. 语态不同。现分表示主动的意思，过分多由及物v.变来，常表被动的意义。•surprising （令人惊讶的--主动) surprised （感到吃惊的--被动）

More Examples

•an exciting story

•the exploiting classes

（剥削阶级）

• a moving film（感人的）

• a tiring journey

•excited spectators

•the exploited classes（被剥削阶级）

• a moved audience（被感动的）

• a tired football player

•有些过分由不及物动词变来，只表示一个动作已完成；无被动意义. •fallen leaves, the exploded bomb, a retired miner, escaped prisoners, the risen sun.

• B. 时间关系不同。现分表示的动作正在进行，而过分表示的往往已完成。•the changing world----the changed world

•boiling water----boiled water

•developing countries----developed countries

分词的语法功能：作表语

•1) 作表语

•The situation is discouraging.

•She felt discouraged at the words.

•现分作表语有主动的含义，它表示主语的性质或特征;

•过分作表语有被动的含义，它表示主语所处状态或具有的情感

作定语

•2) 作定语

•I'm reading a very attracting book.

•He likes to drink cold boiled water.

•一般，分词作前置定语泛指一般情况

Eg. An excited child is not easy to control.

•分词作后置定语时，是特指某一特定情况下的特点，具有特殊含义。

Eg. The child excited by the gift was brought under control.

•There's a broken window in their classroom.

•The window broken yesterday will have to be paid for.

•She said she would never get married, because she didn't want to spend her life surrounded by screaming children.

•The child screaming there is his son.

作宾语的补足语

•3)分词作宾语的补足语只用于下列结构：

•(1) 当v.为表示感觉或心理状态时，这些v.包括

•see, hear, feel, watch, notice, smell, find, think, observe, listen to, catch, leave, start, set

Examples

• a. I saw a girl standing by the goldfish pond.

• b. He felt his eyes dazzled by the bright light.

• c. I found him drinking my mineral water.

• d. Everyone thought the battle lost.

• e. Have you ever heard a nightingale singing?

•(2) 当v.为make, get, have, keep等表示“致使、使得”含义时：

• a. I have my hair cut every ten days.

• b. He got his bad tooth pulled out.

• c. She's going to have her clothes altered.

•(3) 在have+宾+p.p.结构中，have 有三种不同含义。

• a. We had the problem solved. (意为“致使”有意的行为)

• b. He had his arms broken in an accident. (意为“遭受”，表示无意行为)

• c. I have no money left. (have有)

•(4) 当v.为like, want, wish, order等表示希望要求命令等意义时

• a. He wanted his eggs fried.

• b. He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.

• c. The boss ordered all the errors corrected.