人教高中英语必修一至必修四语法
高中必修一到选修四英语短语
高中必修一到选修四英语短语1. 必修一- 及物动词短语- take part in 参加- be afraid of 害怕- be good at 擅长- be interested in 对...感兴趣- be tired of 对...感到厌倦- look forward to 期待- put off 推迟- give up 放弃- 不及物动词短语- break out 爆发- fall down 跌倒- get together 聚会- hang out 闲逛- show up 出现- take place 发生- turn up 出现- work out 解决,锻炼- 名词短语- by accident 偶然地- go ahead 前进,进行- in the end 最后- on purpose 故意地- at present 目前- in common 共同的- on time 准时- by mistake 错误地- in conclusion 最后一点要说的是 - 形容词短语- be ashamed of 以...为羞耻- be proud of 为...而自豪- be tired of 对...感到疲倦- be worried about 担心- be similar to 与...相似- be different from 与...不同 - be used to 习惯于- be fed up with 对...感到厌倦 - be famous for 因...而有名2. 必修二- 及物动词短语- ask for 请求- care about 关心- figure out 弄清楚- set up 建立- look for 寻找- look after 照顾- take care of 照顾- hand in 上交- 不及物动词短语- break down 出故障- give in 屈服- end up 结果是- grow up 长大- stand out 突出- show off 炫耀- speak out 公开发表- stand up 站立- 名词短语- in general 一般来说- in the distance 在远处 - by accident 偶然地- in fact 事实上- in a hurry 匆忙地- on purpose 故意地- in the end 最后- out of control 失去控制- in common 共同的- 形容词短语- be excited about 对...感到兴奋 - be full of 充满- be interested in 对...感兴趣- be careful of 对...小心- be proud of 为...而自豪- be surprised at 对...感到惊讶 - be tired of 对...感到厌倦- be worried about 担心3. 必修三- 及物动词短语- cut down 削减- give in 让步- set off 出发- look through 浏览- put up 建造- look up 查阅- go on 继续- work on 参与,致力于 - 不及物动词短语- blow up 爆炸- put on 穿上- slow down 减速- calm down 平静下来 - look out 当心- run out 用完,耗尽- speed up 加速- cheer up 高兴起来- 名词短语- in charge 负责- on fire 着火- by hand 用手- in fact 事实上- in danger 处于危险中- on purpose 故意地- in a hurry 匆忙地- out of control 失去控制- in common 共同的- 形容词短语- be aware of 意识到- be filled with 充满- be fond of 喜欢- be good for 对...有好处- be strict with 对...严格要求 - be tired out 累坏了- be upset about 为...感到苦恼 - be worried about 担心4. 必修四- 及物动词短语- give up 放弃- take care of 照顾- look forward to 期待 - look up 查阅- break out 爆发- take off 脱下- turn on 打开- 不及物动词短语- break down 发生故障 - fall off 掉下- show up 出现- hold on 等一等- make up 编造- set up 建立- turn up 出现- wake up 醒来- 名词短语- by accident 偶然地- in fact 事实上- on purpose 故意地- in the end 最后- in common 共同的- on time 准时- by mistake 错误地- in conclusion 总的来说- 形容词短语- be amazed at 对...感到惊讶 - be famous for 因...而闻名 - be fond of 喜欢- be similar to 与...相似- be different from 与...不同 - be strict with 对...严格要求 - be tired of 对...感到厌倦- be used to 习惯于以上为高中必修一到选修四英语短语的内容。
新教材 人教版高中英语必修第一册全册各单元重点语法汇总
人教版必修第一册全册重点语法汇总welcome unit ......................................................................................................................... - 1 -Unit 1 Teenage life Section .................................................................................................... - 3 -Unit 2 Travelling around ........................................................................................................ - 6 -Unit 3 Sports and fitness ....................................................................................................... - 8 -Unit 4 Natural disasters ......................................................................................................... - 8 -Unit 5 Languages around the world .................................................................................... - 10 -welcome unitGrammar简单句的八种基本句型一、主语+谓语(S V)&二、主语+谓语+状语(S V Ad)特点:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需接宾语,但有时后跟状语修饰动词。
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修语法知识点总结
高中必修一到必修五主要语法点必修一:直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句);现在进行时表将来;定语从句必修二:定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提);被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态) 必修三:情态动词;名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)必修四:主谓一致;非谓语动词(V-ing) ;构词法必修2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法必修3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句五单元同位语从句必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单元v-ing作状语第五单元构词法必修5 第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句第五单元省略句必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through 经历,经受get through 通过;完成;接通电话2. set down 记下,放下3. a series of 一系列4 on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加(某个活动);take part in 参加(活动)join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。
高一必修四英语语法归纳总结
高一必修四英语语法归纳总结时态:1. 现在完成时(Present Perfect)主要用法:(1) 表示动作发生在过去,但与现在有某种联系。
(2) 表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在。
(3) 经常用于时间状语从句或“It is(has been)+时间+since 从句”的句型中。
易混点及辨析:(1) 与一般过去时的区别:前者强调对现在产生影响,后者只表示过去的时间。
(2) 与“It is(has been)+时间+since从句”的区别:前者不强调时间概念,只表示对现在的影响;后者强调动作经历的时间。
(3) 不能与表示未来时间的状语连用。
(4) 不能与when,where,how等引导的疑问句连用。
(5) 不能与as if,as though等引导的从句连用。
(6) 不能与because of,thanks to等连词连用。
(7) 不能与when,where,before,after,until,till等表示时间的词语连用。
(8) 不能与as,like,rather than,in place of等词连用。
2. 过去完成时(Past Perfect)主要用法:表示过去的过去。
即过去某一时间或某一时刻之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态,其结果一般也往往对过去有一定的影响。
常用句型:1. 主语+had+动词过去分词(+其他)+by the time+从句。
2. 主语+had+V-ed…when…/ 主语+had finished/ done…when…3. 主语+had been+V-ing…,when…常见句式结构:(1)“hardly/scarcely…when/before…”or“no sooner…than…” 意为“一…就…”——此时主句常用完成时态。
注意:若no sooner位于句首,则主句要用部分倒装的形式。
若hardly/scarcely位于句首,则主句不需倒装。
另外注意:“It is thefirst/second…time”+ that-clause中从句谓语用shall have done的结构。
人教版英语必修一至必修四语法知识复习与练习(详细版)
必修一至必修四语法知识复习Book 1 Unit 1-2 直接引语与间接引语直接引语到间接引语的转变注意间接引语中时态,人称,时间状语,地点状语以及其他部分要根据情况发生变化。
1.Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that ___ a long way ___.A. I had walked … last weekB. he had walked … that weekC. I walked … last weekD. he has walked … this week如果引语部分是客观事实或真理,则变为间接引语,定语从句中时态不需要发生变化。
2. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east.A. if … riseB. if … risesC. whether … roseD. whether did … rise引语部分为一般疑问句,变为间接引语由连词whether或if引导,后面用陈述句语序3. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us ___ afraid to leave ___ house.A. that were we … thisB. that we were … thatC. if were we … thisD. if we were … that直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语,由相应的疑问词who ,whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。
句式…asked+疑问词+陈述句语序…about a week ago?”4. Jane said, “What did he hearJane asked ___ about ___.A. that he heard … a week agoB. what he had heard … a week beforeC. what he had heard … a week agoD. if he heard … a week ago直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 的宾语。
史上最全面的人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结
史上最全面的人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结高一主要语法点必修一:直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句);现在进行时表将来;定语从句必修二:定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提);被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态)必修三:情态动词;名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句) 必修四:主谓一致;非谓语动词(V-ing) ;构词法必修2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法必修3一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句五单元同位语从句必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单 v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元 v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单元 v-ing作状语第五单元构词法必修5第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句第五单元省略句Unit One Friendship一、重点短语9. join in 参加(一些活动); take part in 参加(活动) join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员) 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.) much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到… 才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心21. make sb. sth. 使人成为… make sb. do sth. 使人做事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。
高中英语新人教版必修一全册语法汇总(分单元编排)
高中英语必修一语法汇总Unit 1 短语短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。
一、名词短语(NP)名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语。
(1)These ideas may seem strange to you.作主语(2)Welove our great motherland very much.作宾语(3)Theman wearing a black coat is our teacher.作表语(4)Those beautiful flowers come from Yun’nan.作主语(5)Weelected him monitor of our class.作宾语补足语[归纳总结](1)名词短语在句中作名词用,一般用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
(2)名词短语由“(限定词)+(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)+名词+(介词短语)”组成。
[名师提醒]限定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、指示代词(this,that,these,those等)、物主代词(my,your,his,her,our,their等)和不定代词(some,no,neither,both等)。
[巩固内化1]指出黑体部分所作的成分①He got threegold medals at the 23rd Olympic Games.作宾语②The tall building was built last year.作主语③This is avery interesting book.作表语④We made him capital of our team.作宾补二、形容词短语(AdjP)形容词短语是指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句子中的功能相当于形容词。
(1)Theair today is nice and clean.作表语(2)Sheis a girl lively and lovely.作定语(3)Hefound the film very interesting.作宾语补足语[归纳总结](1)形容词短语在句中作形容词用,可以修饰名词或代词,作定语,还可用作表语或者宾语补足语等。
高中英语新人教版必修一Unit 4语法知识定语从句精讲
高中英语必修一Unit 4语法知识定语从句精讲【课本例句】诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1.(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.2.(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.3.(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.4.(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whowere trapped and to bury the dead.5.(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6.(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.7.Theboy whose father is a teacher is a newclassmate of mine.8.Chinais a country that/which has a long history.【发现总结】1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who,在定语从句中作主语。
2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that,在定语从句中作主语。
3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom,在定语从句中作宾语。
关系代词who/whom常用来指代人;关系代词that/which常用来指代物;关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。
人教版高中英语必修一至必修四复习归纳
人教版高中英语必修一至必修四复习归纳高中英语课程是学生学习英语的重要阶段,人教版高中英语教材是中国高中英语教育的主要教材之一。
本文将对人教版高中英语必修一至必修四的重点内容进行复习和归纳,帮助学生深入理解和记忆这些知识点。
必修一:模块一在必修一的第一模块中,我们学习了一些关于学习和生活的话题,例如如何有效地学习、人际关系和如何保持健康的生活方式。
通过这些话题的学习,我们不仅提高了英语的听、说、读、写能力,还拓宽了自己的思维。
模块二在模块二中,我们学习了如何进行有效的沟通。
重点包括倾听与表达、交际技巧和如何进行辩论。
这些知识点可以帮助我们更好地与他人交流,并在日常生活中解决各种问题。
必修二:模块一在必修二中,我们将重点放在了环境保护和可持续发展上。
通过学习这些内容,我们了解了环境问题的严重性以及我们每个人的责任。
同时,我们还学习了如何采取措施来解决环境问题,例如减少二氧化碳排放和推广可再生能源。
模块二在模块二中,我们学习了关于文化差异和文化交流的知识。
我们了解了不同文化背景下的礼仪和习俗,并学习了如何在跨文化环境中进行交流和合作。
必修三:模块一在必修三中,我们学习了如何进行有效的写作。
重点包括写作结构、写作技巧和写作表达。
通过这些学习,我们可以提高我们的写作能力,并更好地表达我们的观点和想法。
模块二在模块二中,我们学习了一些关于社会问题的话题,例如青少年犯罪和社会不公平。
通过学习这些话题,我们可以更好地了解社会问题的原因和解决方法,并提出自己的观点和建议。
必修四:模块一在必修四中,我们学习了一些关于科技和信息时代的内容。
我们学习了一些科技发展的历史,探讨了科技对工作和生活的影响。
通过这些学习,我们可以更好地理解科技的重要性,并掌握一些与科技相关的英语词汇和表达。
模块二在模块二中,我们学习了一些关于文学和艺术的知识。
我们阅读了一些著名的文学作品,并学习了一些艺术形式和艺术家。
通过学习这些内容,我们可以培养自己的审美能力,并开阔我们的文化视野。
人教版必修一至必修四语法大全
语法:一、倒装结构1. 副词here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移动的动词,而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前,即全部倒装。
Here comes the bus.注意:A 此类倒装不用进行时态度。
B若主语是代词时,不用倒装。
---Where is your dog? ---There it is.2. 含有否定意义的词放句首,部分倒装。
A具有否定意义的副词放句首:not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few… Never has she seen a movie like that.B,含有否定意义的连词放句首:not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner…than.., scarely..than..,Hardly..when.., not until...*not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but (also), than, when后面的句子不倒. neither..nor..两部分都倒装。
No sooner had she fallen asleep than she heard a knock at the door.Hardly had it grown dark when she realized it is too late to go home.Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground.C, 含有否定意义的介词放句首:by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no circumstances...By no means could he succeed.3 only+状语,部分到装Only when she came home did he learn the news.4 表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事:肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语I have finished reading the text, so has my sister.否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语I could not persuade him to accept it, nor could I make him see its importance.5 as 作“尽管/虽然”,引导让步状语从句Much as he likes her,he does get annoyed with her sometimes.6 so ..that.., such ..that..的句子结构中,若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首,实行部分倒。
高考英语备考人教版高频词(必修一至选择性必修四)知识清单
新高考备考高频词(必修一至选择性必修四)1.charming adj.迷人的;有魅力的2.circulate vt.& vi.(使)循环;(使)流通3.civilize v.使文明,开化4.clarification n.澄清,阐明5.classification n.归类,分类,分级7.clause n.从句,分句;条款8.cliff n.悬崖,峭壁9.carpenter n.木匠10.casual adj.随意的;不定期的11.cautious adj.谨慎的;小心的12.cellar n.地窖,地下室13.certification n.证明,鉴定1415.changeable adj.易变的;变化无常的16.characterise vt.是……的特征,以……为典型17.bridegroom n.新郎18.brighten v.(使)发光,(使)发亮19.broaden v.拓宽20.budget n.预算21.burial n.埋葬22.cable n.电缆,电报vt.给……发电报23.calendar n.日历24.capture v.捕获;占领25.biography n.传记26.birthplace n.出生地;故乡27.blade n.刀片,刀刃28.bloom v.开花29.boast vt.以拥有……而自豪30.board n.板,木板;委员会vt.上(车、船或飞机)31.boundary n.边界;范围;分界线32.breakthrough n.突破;取得重大进展33.attendance n.出席人数;出席;参加34.accessible adj.易接近的;随和的35.acpany vt.陪伴;伴奏36.acplish vt.完成;实现37.account n.账目;描述;理由38.accumulate v.积累;积聚3940.achievement n.成就41.adaptation n.适应;改编42.admission n.准入;入场费4344.adore vt.崇拜;爱慕45.advantage n.优点;好处46.aggressive adj.侵略性的;有进取心的47.advertisement n.广告48.advocate vt.拥护;提倡49.afford vt.负担得起(……的费用);提供505155.alphabet n.字母表53.alternative adj.可选择的n.可供选择的事物54.altitude n.高地;高度5556.amateur adj.业余的;外行的n.业余选手57.ambition n.野心;抱负58.ambulance n.救护车5960.anniversary n.周年纪念日6162.antique n.古董,古玩63.apartment n.公寓64.apparent adj.表面上的;明显的65.appeal v.对……有吸引力;将……上诉;呼吁66.appetite n.食欲;嗜好67.approach vt.& vi.接近;靠近n.方法68.appropriate adj.适当的;恰当的697071.arbitrary adj.任意的;武断的72.assess vt.评定;估价73.abandon vt.放弃;抛弃;遗弃7475.abolish vt.废除;废止76.abruptly adv.突然地;意外地7778.absurd adj.荒谬的;可笑的79.abundant adj.大量的;充足的;丰富的80.accelerate vt.& vi.(使……)加快;加速882.coincidence n.碰巧;巧合83.colleague n.同事84.mitment n.承诺;忠诚;花费;投入85.panion n.同伴;同事86.petence n.能力;胜任87.plex adj.复杂的n.复合体88.promise n.& v.妥协;折中89.pulsory adj.义务的;强制的90.condemn vt.谴责;使注定91.conflict vt.冲突;抵触n.冲突;矛盾92.conscious adj.神志清醒的;有意识的93.consequence n.结果;后果94.conservative adj.保守的;守旧的95.considerate adj.体贴的;考虑周到的96.consistent adj.一贯的;一致的97.consult vt.咨询;商量;查阅98.contradictory adj.矛盾的;反对的99.conventional adj.传统的;因循守旧的100.convey vt.表达;传达101.controversial adj.有争议的;引起争议的102.conversation n.谈话;交谈103.corporation n.公司;法人104.correspond vi.一致;通信105.credit n.信用;赞扬;学分v.(给银行账户)存入金额106.criminal n.罪犯;犯人107.currency n.货币;通货108.customs n.海关;关税109.database n.资料库,数据库110.deadline n.最后期限,截止日期111.decline vt.& vi.婉拒;衰落;减弱n.减少;衰退11113.delicate adj.微妙的;精美的,雅致的114.description n.描述,描写115.destination n.目的地116.dignity n.尊严;高贵117.discount n.折扣vt.认为……不重要;打折扣118.diploma n.毕业文凭;学位证书119.feature n.特征;特色120.fiction n.小说;虚构的事121.fierce adj.猛烈的;凶猛的122.finance n.财政;金融123.flashlight n.手电筒124.flexible adj.灵活的;柔韧的;可弯曲的125.forgetful adj.健忘的;易忘的126.fortnight n.十四日;两星期127.fortune n.财产;运气128.fragile adj.脆的;易碎的129.furniture n.(总称)家具130.gardening n.园艺学131.garment n.衣服;服装;衣着132133.geography n.地理学134.gigantic adj.巨大的;巨人似的135.gifted adj.有天赋的;有才华的136137.gorgeous adj.绚丽的;极好的138.grasp vt.抓紧;领会139.grateful adj.感激的;表示感谢的140.greeting n.问候;迎接141.grumble vi.抱怨,发牢骚142.guarantee n.& vt.保证;担保143.guidance n.引导;指导144.guilty adj.有罪的;犯法的;感到惭愧的145.gymnasium n.体育馆146147.handy adj.手边的;附近的;方便的148.harbour (美harbor) n.港口149.hazard vt.使遭受危险n.危险150.headline n.(报刊的)大字标题151.hesitate vt.犹豫;踌躇152.hopeless adj.没有希望的;绝望的153.horrible adj.令人恐惧的;恐怖的154.humor n.幽默,幽默感15156.hypothesis n.假设;前提157.ideal adj.理想的;美好的158.identification n.鉴定;识别159.idiom n.习语;成语160161.illegal adj.非法的;不合法的162163.immigration n.移民164.import vt.& n.进口;输入165.impression n.印象;感觉166.incorrect adj.不正确的;错误的167.independence n.独立independent adj.独立的;有主见的168.indicate vt.指示;表明169.industry n.产业170171172.innocent adj.清白的;无辜的173173.inspect vt.检查;检验;审视174.inspire vt.激发;鼓舞175.instant n.瞬间;刹那176. instruct vt.通知;指示nstruction n.说明;须知;教导178.instrument n.乐器;工具;器械179.insurance n.保险180.intelligence n.智力;智慧181.intelligent adj.有智力的;聪明的182.interrupt vt.& vi.打扰,打断188.interval n.间歇;间隔189.invitation n.邀请;请帖190191192.journalist n.记者;新闻工作者193.judgment n.判断力;看法;裁决194.jungle n.丛林;密林195.junior adj.初级的;年少的196.justice n.正义;公正;司法197.kidnap vt.& n.拐走;绑架198.kindergarten n.幼儿园199.kitchen n.厨房200.knowledge n.知识;学问201.landscape n.风景;景色202.lame adj.跛的;瘸的;残废的203.laughter n.笑;笑声204.launch vt.发射;发起(运动)205.laundry n.洗衣店;洗衣房206.learned adj.有学问的;博学的207.leftover adj.剩余的;剩下的208.legend n.传说;传奇209.liberation n.解放210.liberty n.自由211.license n.执照;许可证212.literature n.文学213.location n.位置;地方214.logical adj.逻辑上的;符合逻辑的215.loose adj.松散的;宽松的216.loudspeaker n.扬声器,喇叭217.luggage n.(总称)行李218219.maintain vt.维持;保持220.majority n.大多数221.maximum adj.& n.最大量(的);最大限度(的) 222.meanwhile adv.同时,与此同时223.media n.新闻媒介;新闻媒体224.mental adj.精神的;智力的mentally adv.精神上;智力上225.mention n.提及vt.提到;说起226.merchant n.商人;生意人227.merciful adj.仁慈的;宽大的228.merely adv.仅仅;只不过229.mess n.凌乱230.midnight n.午夜231.mild adj.温和的;轻微的232.mineral n.矿物质,矿物233.minister n.部长;牧师234.minority n.少数;少数民族235236.mixture n.混合;混合物237.monument n.纪念碑;纪念物238239.motivation n.动机;动力240.motto n.箴言;格言241242.mouthful n.满口;一口243.multiply vt.& vi.乘;(使)增加;繁殖244.musician n.音乐家;乐师245.mystery n.神秘;神秘的事物246.nationwide adj.全国范围的;全国性的247.negotiate vi.谈判;商议248.neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻;邻近地区249.normal n.& adj.正常的(状态) 250.nutrition n.营养;营养品251252.occupation n.职业;占有253254.optional adj.可选择的;随意的255.outspoken adj.坦率的;直言不讳的256.outstanding adj.杰出的;显著的257.overlook vt.忽略;俯瞰;远眺258259.oxygen n.氧气260.parallel adj.平行的n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等);相似特征261.passive adj.被动的;消极的262.passport n.护照263.pattern n.式样264.plain adj.朴素的;简单的;普通的26266.portable adj.手提的;便携式的2626269.promote vt.促进;提升270.punctual adj.准时的;守时的271.queue n.& vi.队列;排队272.rainfall n.降雨;降雨量273274.reflect vt.反映;反射275.register v.登记;注册n.登记表;注册簿276.resemble vt.类似;像277.sacred adj.神的;神圣的;受崇敬的278.shallow adj.浅的;不深的;肤浅的279280.stream n.小河;溪流281.subjective adj.主观的;主语的282283.tentative adj.不确定的;暂定的284.transparent adj.透明的;显然的。
人教高中英语必修一单元四Book1 Unit 4知识点整理
Book 1 Unit 4 知识点一、重点单词1.burst vt.&vi. (burst, burst) (使)爆裂;爆发n. 突然破裂;爆发burst in/into 闯入,突然破门而入burst out crying/laughing burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.他没敲门就闯进房间,这使我非常生气。
2.ruin n.[C](pl.)废墟;[U]毁灭(1)in ruins 严重受损;变为废墟(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己;自取灭亡ruin one’s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake; which made us awake all night.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。
3.injure vt. 损害;伤害(1)injured adj. 受伤的the injured 伤员(2)injury n. 伤;伤口;伤害do . an injury/ do an injury to . 伤害某人4.bury vt. 埋葬;掩埋;隐藏;使专心be buried in= bury oneself in 专心于Because he was buried in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.由于他埋头于书本,所以不知道外面下雨了。
表示“专心于;致力于”的短语还有:be devoted to be lost/engaged/absorbed infocus/concentrate on fix/concentrate one’s attention on5.judge n. 裁判员;法官vt. 判定;判断;判决(1)judge…from/by…从……来判断……(2)Judging by/from 根据……判断温馨提示:judging from/by 用在句首时,为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态影响,只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。
必修一到必修四课文概括(语法填空)
Book 1 Unit 1一Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World WarⅡ. Her family was Jewish ____1___ they had to hide or they would be ____2____ (catch) by the German Nazis. During that time she wasn’t able to go outdoors for so long ___3___ she had grown so crazy ___4___ everything to do with nature. One everything, she stayed awake ___5___ purpose to have a good look at the moon by herself. But she didn’t dare open a window. Another time she happened to be upstairs at dusk ____6_____ the window was open. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held her ____7____ (entire) in their power. It was the first time in a year and a half __8_____ she’d seen the night face to face.Anne felt very lonely without seeing her old friends. So she had to make a new friend, her diary Kitty, whom she could tell everything ___9_____. ____10____ (sad), at last, her family were discovered and caught by the German Nazis something later.二Lisa and Xiao Dong are ___1____ senior high school students ___2____ have trouble at school. Lisa is getting ____3___ well with a boy classmate and they have become good ___4_____ (friend), ___5_____ others have started gossiping, ___6____ (think) they have fallen in love. She doesn’t want to end the friendship but hates others _____7____ (gossip). Xiao Dong has difficulty ____8______ (communicate) with people. ___9____ he tries to talk to his classmates, he still finds ___10_____hard to make friends, so he feels lonely sometimes and wants to change the situation.Unit 2 一English has changed and ____1____ (develop) when cultures meet and communicate ____2___ each other. From about AD 450 to 1150, new settlers to England _____3____ (enrich) the English language and enlarged its vocabulary. In 1620, some British people began to move to other countries, and ___4_____ (gradual), English ___5____ spoken in many other countries. By the 19th century American English spelling got a separate identity ___6_____ Noah Webster wrote his dictionary. ____7___ present, more people speak English ____8_____ their second or a foreign language than ever before. People in South Asia such ___9____ India, Singapore speak fluent English. China may have the ____10____ number of English learners.二Believe it ____1___ not, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people think that the English ____2____ (speak) on TV and the radio is standard English ___3______ when radio was invented at first, those ____4_____ reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. _____5____ there are many differences in the way people speak on TV and the radio. American English has many ____6____ (dialect) and even two people from ____7____ (neighbour) towns speak a little differently. Geography also plays a part ___8_____ making dialects inAmerica. Americans took their dialects with them ______9____ they moved. They will recognize and understand each other’s dialects, ____10___ they move a lot.Unit 3 一Wang Kun and his sister Wang Wei had dreamt about _____1____ (take) a great bike trip. They decided to cycle ___2___ the Mekong River, from ___3___ it begins to where it ends. Wang Wei _____4___ (insist) that they start in Qinghai where the river begins in order to see all of the Mekong River. Wang Kun said that would be very difficult, because their journey would begin ____5___ an altitude of more than 5,000 metres. But Wang Wei refused to change her mind, ___6___ (say) that it would be an interesting experience.The Mekong River begins in a glacier ___7___ a Tibetan mountain. The river is small at first. It moves ____8___ (rapid) as it passes ___9____ deep valleys. Sometimes, the river enters wide valleys and becomes a waterfall. After it flows out of China, it continues to flow through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. At last, in Vietnam it ___10____ (enter) the South China Sea.二When they were in Tibet, it was already snowing, ___1___ it was autumn. Sometimes they looked like snowmen riding bicycles. On the road children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at them. Wang Wei was very ___2____ (rely) and rode in front of Wang Kun ___3____ usual. The view around them was so beautiful ___4___ they were surprised. At one point they felt as if they werecycling through clouds ____5____ they were so high. Then it ____6___ (gradual) became much warmer and they had to change heavy clothes for T-shirts and shorts. In the early evening they would stop to make camp and cook food. Wang Kun stayed ___7___ (wake) until midnight with only the _____8___ (flame) of the fire for company. ____9____ the stars Wang Kun thought about the journey ____10___ the hope of meeting their cousins as soon as possible.Unit 4 一Strange things happened ____1___ Tangshan Earthquake happened. The well walls had deep cracks. A ___2____ (smell) gas came out of them. The water pipes cracked and burst. At 3:42 ___3___ the morning of July 28,1976, everything began to shake. It seemed as ____4____ the world was ____5_____ an end. Stream burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Soon the whole city lay ___6___ ruins. Many people died or were ___7____ (injure). Everything in the city was ____8___ (destroy). People were shocked ____9____ this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those ____10___ were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city. Slowly the city began to breathe again.二In the letter, Zhang Sha offers ____1____ (congratulate) to the winner of the high school speaking _____2______ (compete) about new Tangshan. And she tells the winner a group of five ____3____ (judge) heard the speech and agreed that____4_____ was the best one this year.Then she invites the winner ____5___ speak to the visitors to a new park ___6___ will be opened to ____7____ public to honour those ____8____ died in Tangshan earthquake and those ___9___ helped the survivors. Zhang Sha also hopes that the winner will bring his or her family and friends on the ______10____ (specially) day of July 28.Unit 5 一Elias was a poor black worker. The time ___1____ he first met Nelson Mandela was ___2____ very difficult period of his life. Nelson Mandela offered ____3____ (guide) to poor black people ___4___ their legal problems. Elias was not at school for long, ___5___ his family could not afford his school fees and the bus fare. When he was worried about whether he would be out ___6___ work because he didn’t have the passbook, Nelson Mandela told him what to do. That day was one of Elias’s ______7____ (happy) days in his life. Later, Elias joined the ANC Youth League organized by Nelson Mandela. In 1963, Elias helped Mandela ___8____ (blow) up some government buildings. It was very dangerous ____9____ Elias was happy because he thought it would help them achieve their dream of making black and white people ____10_____ (equality).二Robben Island was a prison from _____1____ no one _____2_____(escape). When Elias got to Robben Island, Mandela was also there and helped him. Mr.Mandela began a school and taught them during the lunch breaks and the evenings when they should have been asleep. In order ___3____ see the words they used anything they could find to make candles. Mr. Mandela ____4____ (encourage) the prison guards to join them and said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. After Elias was set free from the prison, he found a job ___5____ he was better _____6____ (educate). But he lost his job after the police found _____7____ and told his boss about his experiences. When Mr. Mandela and the ANC came ___8___ power, he was given a job ____9____ (take) visitors around the prison on Robben Island. Though he felt bad the first time he talked to a group, he was proud ____10____ (show) visitors over the prison, because he helped to make black people free in their own land.Book 2 Unit1Nobody could have imagined that the Amber Room, one of the wonders of the world, has such an 1 (amaze) history. Actually, the Amber Room was designed 2 the palace of Frederick I. The room was made of several tons of amber, which easily melts when 3 (heat). But the next King of Prussia decided to give it to the Russian people as a gift of friendship. In return, the Czar sent a troop of his best soldiers to the Prussian. So the Amber Room became the part of the Czar’s winter palace in St Petersburg. It served as a small 4 (receive) hall for important visitors. Later, Catherine II had it 5 (move) to a place 6 she spent her summers. Before the Nazis got to the summer palace, the Russians were only able to remove some furniture and smallart objects from the room. Some of the Nazis 7 (secret) stole the room.8 that, 9 happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Recently, the two countries have built a new Amber Room by studying old photos of the former 10 .Unit2 一The Olympic Games are the 1 (big) sports in the world. There are two kinds of Olympic Games. 2 is the Summer Olympic Games, and the other is the Winter Olympic Games. Both of them are held 3 four years. All countries can take part 4 their athletes reach the standard to be admitted to the games.Women are not only allowed to join in 5 play a very important role. A special village is built for the 6 (compete)to live in, including a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, a gym and seats for audience 7 watch the games. It is 8 honour to host the Olympic Games. In addition, to many countries it’s just as much a competition to host the Olympic Games 9 to win an Olympic medal. Nowadays the olive wreath 10 (replace) by medals. But it’s still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further.二Atlanta was a Greek princess. She was very beautiful and could run faster than 1 man in Greece. But she was not allowed to run in the Olympic Games. She was 2 angry that she said to her father that she would notmarry anyone who could not run faster than her. Her father said that she must marry and asked her 3 she wanted to marry a king or prince. But Atlanta replied, “I will only be married to a man who can run faster than me. When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run 4 him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he 5 (kill). No one will be pardoned.”Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta when they heard of her rules, many of them 6 (sad) went home. There was a man called Hippomenes 7 was amazed when he heard of the Atlanta’s rules, “Why are these men so 8 (fool)? Why will they let 9 be killed because they cannot run as fast as the princess?” However, when he saw Atlanta 10 (come) out of her house to run, Hippomenes changed his mind, “I will marry Atlanta ---or die!” he said.Unit3 一No one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in the 1 (1960). There were times when my sizes was 2 (total) changed. I became smaller and thinner but I got cleverer and cleverer, quicker and quicker. And my memory became so large 3 I couldn’t believe it!But I was always so lonely 4 (stand) there by myself. They gave me a family 5 (connect) by a network in the early 1960s. I could share information 6 others and we could talk to each humans using BASIC. Since then, my family and I 7 (use) by 8 (million) of people to deal with information and communicate with each otheraround the world. I love being used 9 connect people who aren’t close enough to speak to each other. I have truly been built to served the human race my birth.二Andy is part of an android football team. As a 1 (strike) on the football team, he can run very fast. His computer chips help 2 to move and think 3 a human. Last year, his team competed 4 another one and won second place. He thought the team 5 won first place 6 (cheat),and he wanted his 7 (program) to improve his 8 (intelligent), because he thought that they could work 9 to create 10 even better system.Unit4 一One day a girl called Daisy dreamed a strange dream. She 1 (fly) to Tibet in a flying carpet and talked with an antelope. The sad antelope told her that they 2 (hunt) because their fur can be used to make sweaters for people 3 her. In several years they may all be gone. 4 , Daisy was taken to Zimbabwe 5 she talked with an elephant and learned 6 (happy) that the farmers there no longer hunted them. That’s 7 the government decided to help and asked the tour companies to bring 8 (tour) to the area to take photos or to hunt. And they set the number of animals to be hunted. As a result, farmers made a lot of money. At last, Daisy arrived at a thick rainforest where a monkey told her that it had found a millipede insect andrubbed over its body 9 (prevent) mosquitoes. The monkey also told her, “No rainforest, no animals, no drugs.”10 it only a dream, Daisy had learned so much.二Many wild plants and animals have died out during the long history of the earth. And dinosaurs are the 1 (much) famous of the animals. They came2 being much earlier than humans. There were many3 (differ) kinds of dinosaurs have been4 (discover) in some places of China. However, dinosaurs died out suddenly. May be it’s because of an5 (expect) incident6 a huge rock from space hit the earth. Maybe that the earth got7 hot for the dinosaurs to live on anymore caused their8 (extinct). No one knows 9 sure why and 10 dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time.Uint5 一Most of us have 1 (dream) of being famous in our lives. Most musicians often meet and form a band. Sometimes they play in the street to2 (passer-by) so3 they can learn some extra money and this also gives4 a chance to realize their dreams. There was once a band that started in different way. The musicians were to play jokes5 each other as well as play music. Their music and jokes were loosely6 (base) on the Beatles. Their exciting7 (perform) were copied by other groups. Later the Monkees played and wrote their8 music. Though it broke9 about1970, it (unit) in the mid-1980s.二1 (short)after Freddy and his band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour,2 fans showed great3 (devote) to them, and he was quite4 (confidence). He accepted the most exciting5 (invite) to perform on a TV programme and he went to London to give a6 (perform),after7 , they were truly stars.Then things went wrong. They couldn’t go anywhere 8 being followed and their personal life was 9 (regular) discussed by others. At last, feeling very upset and sensitive, they decided to leave the countries before it became too 10 (pain) for them.Book 3 Unit 1We have festivals and _1____(celebrate)of all kinds. Ancient people held festivals and celebrations to celebrate the end of cold winter, planting in spring or harvest in autumn. Some festivals are __2_____ memory of the ancestors. People light lamps or incense, play music on an important feast day, and offer good things to the dead. Festivals can also be held ___3______ honour famous people or the gods. These festivals have their _____4____(origin) for special people or events, like the Dragon Boat Festival ___5______ honours the famous poet Qu Yuan. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals are held in many countries. People decorate churches, get together, have meals or win awards for competitions. On Mid-autumn Festival people ___6______(admiration) the moon and enjoymooncakes. Chinese New Year is an ____7_____(energy) and important festival. People look ___8______ to_____9____(dress) up, eating dumplings, giving children lucky money in red paper and playing dragon dances. The celebration of the Lunar New Year may take ___10______ throughout the country, day and night.Unit 2一Wang Peng was the owner of a restaurant. This morning he felt very___1______(frustrate) when he saw _____2____ of his customers would eat in his restaurant. In his opinion, nothing could be ___3______(good) than his fried rice, mutton kebabs, fatty pork or his_____4____(sugar) cola. __5_______(curious) drove him to follow one of his old friends into Yong Hui’s newly-opened restaurant. He was amazed __6_______ the menu there: raw vegetables, fruit and water. In order to win his customers back, he went to the library to do some research, __7_______showed Yong Hui’s menu didn’t give enough energy-giving food. In fact, there was___8______(weak) in Wang Peng’s menu as well. So the only____9_____(solve) is to combine the two menus together to get___10______ balanced one.二A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full of people. He thought perhaps he would be able_1_(earn)his living,and he didn’t look forward to being_2_debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. Suddenly he sawYong Hui_3_(walk)in,who looked unhappy and _4_at him. She thought he came to her restaurant the other day only_5_(spy) on her and her menu. Wang Peng invited her to try a meal in his restaurant and they had a good time. After _6_, they_7_their ideas and provided a _8_(balance)menu with food full of energy and fibre. In this way they cut_9_the fat and increased the fibre in the meal. Before long Yong Hui put on more weight and Wang Peng because_10_(slim). At last they got married and lived happily ever after.Unit 3一Henry, a businessman, whose birthplace was America, landed in Britain____1_____ accident. ___2______(be) penniless, he earned his passage by working as _____3____ unpaid hand. That made him look bad. __4_______(wander) in the street one day, he was invited to a big house. Then something unbelievable happened to him. Inside the house, Henry was so hungry that he___5______(stare) at the food ___6______(leave) on the table when the two wealthy brothers asked him some questions. Henry told them it was all his fault that he arrived in London, and ____7_____ he had tried ____8_____(seek) help but no luck. He thought the two brothers made fun of him at first. __9_______ the contrary, they gave him a letter which Henry promised not to open ____10_____ 2 o’clock.二Henry went into a restaurant and sat down at a table next_1_the frontwindow, but the owner told him the table was_2_(reserve). Then he was put in _3_back of the restaurant. Horse took_4_order and Henry asked for a meal _5_cost a large amount of money. _6_the owner and the waiter served him in a rude manner, Henry had a wonderful meal. When he took out the bank note to pay the bill,all the people present were_7_(shock),and the hostess even_8_(scream). They doubted_9_the note was genuine, because Henry was in_10_. At last, when Henry left the restaurant, the owner, the hostess and the waiter all bowed to him.Unit 4一The earth is a special planet in the solar system. The explosion of the earth produced carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ____1___(make)the earth’s atmosphere. As the earth cooled___2____, water which was fundamental____3___ the development of life appeared and stayed on the surface. The continued ____4___(present) of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, and this produced a chain reaction which made__5_____ possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later, the arrival of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish _6______all sorts of fish. Then, with the green plants appearing on land, land animals appeared and dinosaurs developed and exited on the earth for millions of years. Then dinosaurs’ sudden disappearance made the rise of mammals possible onthe earth. They were different from all life forms___7____ ever existed in the past because they produced young from within their bodies. Finally, some small clever animals with hands and feet____8___(appear)and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in____9___turn, become the most important animals. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. So for millions of years to come, ____10__life will continue on the earth will depend on whether the present problem can be solved.二Last month, Li Yanping and I made a trip to the moon_1_a spaceship. Li told me that the gravity force would change three times. First, _2_we escaped the pull of the earth’s gravity, we were_3_(push)back into our seats. Closer to the moon, there was_4_gravity. I_5_(cheer)up immediately and_6_(float)weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin. On the moon, my weight was less than on the earth. Waling_7_(do)need a bit of practice now_8_gravity had changed. After a while I got the hang_9_it and we began to enjoy ourselves. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched,amazed as fire broke_10_on the outside of the spaceship.Unit5一Li Daiyu and Liu Qian were__1_____a trip to Canada. Their friend, Danny Lin, took them to catch “The True North” and the three ___2____(chat) about their trip. He told them one cannot cross Canada in less than five days____3___Canada is 5,500kilometres from coast to coast. Going ___4____(east), they saw beautiful scenery as well as cities. Vancouver is ___5____(surround)by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. And its population is increasing __6_____(rapid). When they settled ___7____in the seats, they saw mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Calgary is famous for the Calgary Stampede and___8____(attract) many cowboys who have a __9_____for riding wild horses. Then they went through____10__wheat-growing province and across Thunder Bay. As they slept, the train rushed towards Toronto.二Toronto is the most_1_(wealth)and_2_(big)city in Canada. There is the tall CN Tower and the famous Niagara Falls, _3_is beautiful with_4_(mist)cloud that_5_(rise)from it. There_6_also the_7_(cover)stadium and three Chinatowns_8_you can get good Cantonese food. Montreal has a_9_(French)culture. People speak both French and English. There are signs and ads in French. It’s nice to sit in a cafe, _10_(look)over the broad St Lawrence River.Book 4 Unit 1Jane Goodall has studied chimps for many years in Africa to help people __1__ (understand) how much they behave like humans. __2__ (watch) a family of chimps wake up is our first activity. We are very tired after a whole day’s work but the evening makes __3__ worthwhile because we can see the mother chimp and her babies play together in the tree.Jane spent years __4__ (observe) and recording their daily activities. __5__ her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in __6__ own environment. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken __7__ making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should not be used for __8__ (entertain) and she has helped to set up special places __9__ they can live safely. She __10__ (lead) a busy life now. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.二Lin Qiaozhi was a specialist in women’s diseases. She wrote a book __1__ (explain) how to cut the death rate from having and caring __2__ babies for mothers in __3__ countryside __4__ were not able to reach a doctor when they had an emergency.It was not easy for a woman __5__ (get) medical training at that time because that was a generation __6__ girls’education was always placed __7__ (two) to boys’. But __8__ was Lin Qiaozhi’s hard work and __9__ (determine) as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. Her kindness and __10__ (consider) she showed to all her patients made her succeed.Unit 2 一Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longpingconsiders __1__ a farmer, __2__ he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like __3__ of millions of Chinese farmers, for__4__ he has struggled for the past five decades. Yuan Longping grows __5__ is called super hybrid rice. In 1973, he became the first __6__ (agriculture) pioneer in the world __7__ (grow) rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes __8__ possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields. Now __9__ than 60% of the rice __10__ (produce) in China each year is from this hybrid strain.二Chemical fertilizers are popular __1__ they stop disease and increase __2__ (produce), but long-term use of them can cause damage__3__ the land and even to people’s health. Organic farming is __4__ (grow) crops with natural but not chemical fertilizers. Organic farmers focus __5__ keeping their soil rich and free of disease. They think this makes soil __6__ (rich) in minerals and so more fertile. Organic farmers __7__ wants to keep the soil fertile often change the kind of crop in each field __8__ few years, or plant crops to use different levels of soil, or plant grass between away the crop to prevent wind or water from __9__ (carry) away the soil. __10__, these methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.Unit 3 一As an outstanding __1__ (humor) actor, Charlie Chaplin brightened the lives of Americans and British during the period of silent films. He made people laughat a time __2__ they felt depressed, so they could feel more content __3__ their lives.His charming character, the little tramp, was well-known all over the world. It was a poor and __4__ (home) person wearing large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat, and carrying __5__ walking stick. A social __6__ (fail) as the little tramp was, __7__ was loved by all the people for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties and being kind to others even when they were unkind to him. In the famous film The Gold Rush, Chaplin managed to make the sad situation —eating a boiled shoe __8__ (entertain) by using nonverbal humor.__9__ is Charlie Chaplin, loved and remembered as a great actor __10__ could inspire people with great confidence.二Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went __1__ (camp) in a __2__ (mountain) area. They were lying in the __3__ air under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked __4__ at the stars and asked Watson in __5__ (whisper) what he thought of __6__ he looked at that beautiful sky. Watson replied that he thought of how short life was and how long the universe had lasted. Holmes asked the same question __7__ second time. This time Watson thought of how small he was and how vast the sky was. Holmes asked Watson to try again. Watson tried a __8__ (three) time and he thought of how cold the universe was and how warm people could be __9__ their beds. Holmes couldn’t control himself at the moment. He shouted toWatson that he was a fool, for he should be thinking that someone __10__ (steal) their tent.Unit 4 一Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. The first person __1__ (arrive) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely __2__ (follow) by Julia Smith from Britain. When they were introduced to each other, Tony __3__ (approach) Julia Smith, touched her shoulder and kissed her __4__ the cheek. She stepped back __5__ (appear) surprised and put up hands, as if in __6__ (defense). There was a misunderstanding.__7__ I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “body language”. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, __8__ are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people __9__ (communicate) with spoken language, they also express their feelings using __10__(speak) “language”through physical distance, actions or posture.二Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, and smile is the most universal __1__ (face) expression, __2__ function is to show happiness and put people __3__ ease. It doesn’t always mean that we are __4__。
(word完整版)人教版高中英语必修一-必修四英语词性变化
人教版高中英语必修一-必修四英语词性变化1 / 13 高考必修1-必修4单词词性转换高一必修一单词短语Unit1一、单词词性1.ignore vt.不理睬;忽视→ignorance n .愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的;粗鲁的2.concern vt. & n .(使)担忧;涉及;关系到;担心;关注;(利害)关系→concerned adj.担忧的→concerning prep.关于3.power n .能力;力量;权力→powerful adj.有权势的4.settle vi.安家;定居;停留vt.使安居;安排;解决→settled adj.→settlement n .安居;定居5.suffer vt. &vt.遭受;忍受;经历→suffering n .痛苦;折磨6.recover vi. &vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得→recovery n .痊愈7.exactly adv.确实如此;正是;确切地→exact adj.精确的8.disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n .→agree 反义词9.outdoor adj.户外的;室外的→outdoors adv.在户外;在野外n .野外;郊外→indoors adv.在室内;进入户内10.entire adj.整个的;完全的;全部的→entirely adv.完全地;全然地;整个地11.dust n .灰尘→dusty adj.积满灰尘的Unit2一、单词词性1.official adj.官方的;正式的;公务的→office n .办公室→officer n .官员3.native adj.本国的;本地的n .本地人;本国人4.actually adv.实际上;事实上5.base vt.以……为根据n.基部;基地;基础→basic adj.基本的;基础的6.gradual adj.逐渐的,逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地7.identity n .本身;本体;身份→identical adj.相同的,一样的→identify v .确定;认出;鉴定8.fluent adj.流利的;流畅的→fluently adv.流利地,流畅地→fluency n .流利,流畅9.frequent adj.频繁的;常见的→frequently adv.常常;频繁地→frequency n .频率;频度10.usage n .使用;用法;词语惯用法→useful a dj.有用的→use n. & v .使用,利用。
2019人教版新教材高中英语单元语法目录(必修一-选修四)
必修一WelcomeUnit简单句的基本结构Unit1短语的类型和功能Unit2将来时的表达Unit3反意疑问句Unit4限制性定语从句1---关系代词Unit5限制性定语从句2---关系副词与“介词+关系代词”必修二Unit1定语从句需注意的问题Unit2现在进行时的被动语态Unit3现在完成时的被动语态Unit4过去分词的功能Unit5过去分词作状语必修三Unit1动词-ing形式作定语、表语Unit2现在分词作宾语补足语、状语Unit3省略句Unit4动词不定式作定语、状语Unit5情态动词与过去将来时选修一Unit1非限制性定语从句Unit2将来进行时Unit3动词-ing形式作主语Unit4动词-ing形式作宾语和表语Unit5主语从句选修二Unit1表语从句Unit2名词性从句Unit3过去完成时及其被动语态Unit4过去分词作表语和状语Unit5动词-ing形式选修三Unit1动词不定式作表语Unit2动词不定式作主语Unit3直接引语和间接引语Unit4现在完成进行时Unit5定语从句选修四Unit1被动语态Unit2过去分词Unit3动词不定式Unit4短语Unit5并列复合句必修一Welcome Unit 简单句的基本结构一、句子成分二、基本句子结构必修一Unit 1 短语的类型和功能一、名词短语二、形容词短语三、副词短语必修一Unit 2 将来时的表达一、现在进行时的基本用法二、现在进行时表将来的用法三、其他几种表示将来的结构必修一Unit 3 反意疑问句附加疑问句一、否定附加疑问句的回答二、回答附加疑问句的原则三、附加疑问句的几种特殊情况必修一Unit 4 限制性定语从句1---关系代词一、关系代词的用法二、使用定语从句的注意事项必修一Unit 5 限制性定语从句2---关系副词与“介词+关系代词”一、关系副词引导的定语从句二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句必修二Unit 1 定语从句需注意的问题限制性定语从句一、基本概念二、关系词的种类和功能三、that和which引导定语从句的区别必修二Unit 2 现在进行时的被动语态1.现在进行时的被动语态的构成形式2. 现在进行时的被动语态表示的意义3.现在进行时的被动语态注意要点必修二Unit 3 现在完成时的被动语态一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6点问题必修二Unit 4 过去分词的功能一、过去分词作宾语补足语二、过去分词作定语必修二Unit 5 过去分词作状语一、过去分词作表语二、过去分词(短语)作状语必修三Unit 1 动词-ing形式作定语、表语一、动词ing形式作表语二、动词ing形式作定语必修三Unit 2 现在分词作宾语补足语、状语一、动词ing形式作状语二、动词ing形式作宾语补足语必修三Unit 3 省略句一、简单句中的省略二、并列句中的省略三、复合句中的省略四、其他的省略情况必修三Unit 4 动词不定式作定语、状语动词不定式一、结构二、用法必修三Unit 5 情态动词与过去将来时情态动词1.can/could的用法2.may/might的用法3.must/have to的用法4.shall/should的用法5.will/would的用法6.should/ought to的用法7.“情态动词+have done”的用法。
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人教版高中英语必修一至必修四语法————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:1.名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever连接副词:when, where, how, why不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下:(1)It + be + 名词+ that从句(2)It + be + 形容词+ that从句(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句(4)It + 不及物动词+ that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…三、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。
此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。
即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
四、表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。
其基本结构为:主语+ 系动词+ that从句。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
五、同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)六、名词性that-从句1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。
名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious that…很明显……b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…从所周知……It has been decided that…已决定……c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that…事实是……d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that…我突然想起……七、名词性wh-从句1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。
Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。
Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:主语:How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语:My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语:I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。