2015年 河海大学研究生英语一 Unit 14 To Err Is Human
2015年河海大学研究生英语一Unit1GhostsforTea(精)
Unit 1 Ghosts for T ea' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.'“十便士看海湾风光。
”那个带着望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年大海难的遗迹吧!”Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.十便士是纯粹的抢劫,可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unr olling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and do dging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one ano ther as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse sto od on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the light house, the man beside me tapped my wrist.峭壁伸展向远处,海风激起的波浪闪耀着铺展在沙滩上,海面上几艘游艇伴着乳白色风帆优雅地弯成弧形避开。
河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit 1 Ghosts for Tea
' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck o f 1935.'十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道：“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
”Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent. 要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the b each, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were b eing greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the teles cope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
河海大学研究生英语教程第五版U1~U20重点课文中英文对照
Unit 1Ghosts for Tea1 “Ten pence for a view over the bay”, said the old man with the telescope.“Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935. ”“十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
”2 Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
3 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea. Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
[文学研究]河海硕士英语教程翻译
![[文学研究]河海硕士英语教程翻译](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3e15c83ccdbff121dd36a32d7375a417866fc19a.png)
U1“十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道：“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
”要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。
山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。
离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。
说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。
当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。
“您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。
“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。
“这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。
“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。
一切都发生在50年前的今天。
让我说给您听听吧。
”他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。
“整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。
“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。
岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。
他们俩是多年的挚友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。
马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。
多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。
不过各自心里还有些怨恨。
因此，人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神经过敏，尽管两人的朋友们不消说还根本没意识到后果会有多么严重。
”“离今50年前的那个晚上，灯塔上没有出现灯光，直到凌晨两点钟左右才有一束灯光突然发出警告信号。
“第二天早上，灯光依然可见。
风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前去查看情况。
等待人们的却是一个不忍目睹的场面——马丁和布莱克的起居室一片骇人景象，桌子翻倒在地，一副牌散得到处都是，地板上溅满了血迹。
营救人员爬上旋梯来到灯塔间，在那儿发现了马丁的尸体蜷缩在仍然亮着的灯旁。
河海大学研究生英语教程解析(完整版)(考试重点课文翻译)
河海大学研究生英语教程解析(完整版)(考试重点课文翻译)只针对期末考试重点课文的翻译。
Unit 1 Ghosts for Tea “十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
” 要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。
山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。
离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。
说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。
当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。
“您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。
“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。
“这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。
“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。
一切都发生在50年前的今天。
让我说给您听听吧。
” 他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。
“整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。
“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。
岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。
他们俩是多年的挚友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。
马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。
多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。
不过各自心里还有些怨恨。
因此，人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神经过敏，尽管两人的朋友们不消说还根本没意识到后果会有多么严重。
” “离今50年前的那个晚上，灯塔上没有出现灯光，直到凌晨两点钟左右才有一束灯光突然发出警告信号。
“第二天早上，灯光依然可见。
风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前去查看情况。
河海大学研究生英语第五版教师教案考试重点Unit_14_To_err_is_human
Unit 14 To Err Is Human*Questions:1.What's the meaning of the title?2.What's the proper attitude toward a mistake we make?3.What's the right attitude toward computer?4.What's the theme of the article?*Structure*Language points1.to err is human ( to forgive divine )---- (saying ) it is human nature to sin and make mistakes (and therefore one should be as forgiving as possible)2.balance --- difference between two columns of an account, ie money received or owing and money spent or owedeg. I must check my bank balance. ( ie. find out how much money I have in my account .3.tamper --- meddle or interfere with sth, alter sth without authorityeg. Someone has been tampering with the lock.The records of the meeting had been tampered with.4.improve on/upon sth ---- achieve or produce sth of a better standard or quality than sth elseeg. The German girl improved on her previous best performance in the 100 meters.This achievement has never been improved on.5.beat sb (at sth)---- defeat sb, win against sb, do better than sb eg. He beats me at chess.6.choke with sth---- block or fill (a passage, space,etc)eg. The garden is choked with weeds.The drains are choked with dead leaves.7.rich in sth---producing or having a large supply of stheg. Oranges are rich in vitamin.The baroque style is rich in ornament.8.embed ---fix sth deeply and firmly (in a surrounding mass) eg. The arrow embedded itself in the wall.The idea became embedded in his mind.9.knack --- skill at performing some special task, abilityeg. Making an omelette is easy once you've got the knack (of it).There's a knack in locking this door which takes a while to master/I used to be able to skate quite well, but I've lost the knack.Knack of doing sth ( often annoying)---- habit of doing sthEg.My car has a knack of breaking down just when I need it most.10.g et along --- go forwardeg. The car could hardly get along on the icy surface.A hot drink will help to get you along on this cold night.11.g o by ---(of time) pass, elapseeg. As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.The weeks went slowly by.go by sth---(1) be guided or directed by stheg. I shall go entirely by what my solicitor says.(ie, I shall follow his advice).That's a good rule to go by.(2) form an opinion or judgement from stheg. It's not always wise to go by appearances.12.s crew up --- spoil , ruin stheg. When I'd finished the exam, I thought I'd screwed up, but I found out later that I'd passed.That last operation on the famous player's knee has screwed up his chances of staying in team.13.s tipulate ---- v. state sth clearly and firmly as a requirement eg. It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered within three days.14.c on --- v. swindle or persuade sb after gaining his trusteg. You can't con me---you're not really ill.I was conned into buying a useless car.She conned me out of $100.Con---n. instance of cheating sb, confidence trickEg. This so-called bargain is just a con.He's a real con merchant. ( ie, swindler)15.s tick fast --- be or become solidly fixed in one position and unable or unwilling to moveeg. His head was stuck fast in the railings.He stuck fast to his theory. (ie, maintained it firmly) The stone stuck fast in the cement.16.m al adroit ---- a. not clever or skilful, clumsy,bunglingeg. His handling of the negotiations was maladroit. adroit --- a. Skilful, cleverEg. He soon became adroit at steering the boat.17.m imic --- v. (pt, pp mimicked) copy the appearance or manner of sb/sth in a mocking oramusing wayeg. Tom mimicked his uncle's voice and gestures perfectly.18.t hink sth up ---- produce sth by thought, invent ordevise stheg. Can you think up a better excuse than that?How did you think up such a clever wayout of our difficulty?She thought up a funny game for the children to play.The prisoner tried to think up a plan for escape.19.a t random --- without method or conscious choice eg. The terrorists fired into the crowd at random.She opened a book at random.His clothes were scattered about the room at random.20.i n the clear --- no longer in danger or suspected of sth eg. She was very ill for a few days but doctors sayshe's now in the clear.。
2015研究生入学统一考试真题及解析(英语一)
2015研究生入学统一考试真题及解析（英语一）2015研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Readthe following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As co-author of the study James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."The team also developed a "friendship score" which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes.The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now.10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than "functional kinship" of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate people's 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.1 A what B why C how D when2 A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised3 A for B with C by D on4 A separated B sought C compared D connected5 A tests B objects C samples D examples6 A insignificant B unexpected C unreliable D incredible7 A visit B miss C know D seek8 A surpass B influence C favor D resemble9 A again B also C instead D thus10 A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps11 A about B to C from D like12 A limit B observe C confuse D drive13 A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with14 A chances B responses C benefits D missions15 A faster B slower C later D earlier16 A forecast B remember C express D understand17 A unpredicted B contributory C controllable D disruptive18 A tendency B decision C arrangement D endeavor19 A political B religious C ethnic D economic20 A see B show C prove D tell答案解析1、A what 本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。
河海大学研究生英语课文翻译11、12、13、14、16、17、18、19、20
Unit 11 The IksIks 小部落从前是游牧的猎人，聚居在乌干达北部的山谷中，现在这个部落变得很有名，整体上是灰心沮丧的，残忍冷酷的人类的终极命运的文学象征。
两件确实是灾难的事发生在他们身上：政府决定拥有一个国家公园，所以他们被法律迫使放弃山谷中的打猎生活，在贫瘠的山坡的土壤上变成农民，然后一个讨厌他们，研究他们两年的人类学家写了一本关于他们的书。
这本书的主题是：由于传统文化的废除，IKs变成一群彼此毫无关系，残酷无情，而又绝对令人讨厌的人，他们完全的自私和冷酷。
此外，这些特征正像我们内心的自己，当我们的社会结构完全错乱时，我们也将全部变成Iks。
这篇论文依据某种关于人类本质的设想，这种设想必然是推测而来的。
你不得不预先同意人类从本质上讲是坏的，完全为了他自己，展现出来的例如爱和同情这样的美德仅仅是后天学到的习惯。
如果你采纳这个观点，Iks人的故事便可以证实它。
这些人似乎是一直生活在一起，聚居在拥挤的小村庄，但是他们都是一群真正的独居的无关联的个体，彼此间没有明显的好处。
他们说话，但是只是做一些坏脾气的要求和冷漠的拒绝。
他们不分享。
他们从不唱歌。
他们的孩子一能走路就被打发出去寻找食物，只要有可能他们便抛弃那些老人，使他们饿死，那些寻找食物的孩子从无助的老人口中抢夺食物。
它是一个不友好的社会。
他们养育子女，但是不是出于爱，甚至也不是出于偶尔的关心。
他们在彼此的台阶上随地大小便。
他们观察他们的邻居，以等待不幸的降临，而且只有那时他们才大笑。
在书中，他们经常笑，因为有太多厄运。
好几次，他们甚至嘲笑人类学家，使人类学家发现这种嘲笑尤其令人反感（读者在字里行间发现，学者本身不是这世界上最幸运的人）。
更糟糕的是，他们把他带到家中，抢夺他的食物，在他的台阶上大小便，并且呵斥人类学家。
他们给他糟糕的两年。
它是一本令人沮丧的书。
如果，正像他建议的那样，在我们每个人的心中只有IK人的特性，我们唯一的维系人性的希望，将是不断地修补我们社会的结构，然而我们的社会结构变得如此之快，如此之完全，以至于我们不能及时找到修补社会的方法。
2015年--河海大学研究生英语一-Unit-16---The-Role-of-Science-Fiction
Unit 16 The Role of Science FictionThe year 1972 was marked by this publication of a controversial book. The Limits to Growth. This study of the world’s future, done by a team of MIT scientists with the aid of computer “models” of the future of our society, forecast a planetwide disaster unless humankind sharply limits its population growth and consumption of natural resources.1972年为世人所瞩目的一件事就是出版了一本颇有争议的书——《增长的极限》。
这一有关世界前景的研究，是由麻省理工学院一组科学家借助模拟未来社会的电脑“模型”进行的，预言了人类若不大幅度限制人口增长和自然资源消耗，就会出现全球性的灾难。
Most people were caught by surprise when the book came out. Many refused to believe that disaster is possible, probable, inevitable---if we don’t change our mode of running Spaceship Earth. But science fiction people were neither surprised nor outraged. The study was really old news to them. They’d been making their own “models” of tomorrow and testing them all their lives.该书问世时大多数人吃了一惊。
(完整word版)河海大学研究生英语教程1-10单元翻译
本文只针对期末考试重点课文的翻译。
突然发出警告信号。
“第二天早上，灯光依然可见。
风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前去查看情况。
等待人们的却是一个不忍目睹的场面——马丁和布莱克的起居室一片骇人景象，桌子翻倒在地，一副牌散得到处都是，地板上溅满了血迹。
营救人员爬上旋梯来到灯塔间，在那儿发现了马丁的尸体蜷缩在仍然亮着的灯旁。
他是被戳死的。
两天后，布莱克的尸体被潮水冲了上来，他身上划破多处，浑身青肿，伤得不轻。
“我们只是在那时才猜测到究竟发生了什么事。
这场大惨剧只是由于他们俩再次争吵而引起的。
他们准是因为与世隔绝而心烦意孔，于是开始玩牌。
马丁又怀疑布莱克耍赖，指责这位原先的朋友不老实。
接着一场格斗发生了，布莱克一把操起刀子，在一阵狂怒之下向他的伙伴刺去，马丁受了致命伤而倒下。
布莱克被自己的行为惊呆了。
他受不了这里的孤独寂寞以及风浪的拍击声，于是狂奔到栏杆边纵身投向下面的岩石。
接着大海吞噬了他。
“但当时马丁还活着。
过了几小时，也就是在天色暗下来以后，他苏醒过来，想起了自己点灯的职责。
于是，可怜的马丁忍着剧痛，慢慢地爬上旋梯，一步一步地爬到灯前。
用最后剩下的一口气，他点亮了灯塔，然后倒下。
“数年后，据说那座灯塔闹鬼了。
就因为这些传说，当地迷信的居民中没有人愿意接替做灯塔管理员。
如今人们都说，每年到出事的那一天，尤其是当海上风急浪高的时候，人们站在起居室里就能听到摔牌声和怒吼声，就能看到刀刃的寒光，还会瞥见一个人影奔向栏杆，然后听到一个人缓慢地向塔顶爬去。
”老头停了停，我转身欲走。
“对了，”他又开口了，“今天下午您有空吗?要是有空，干吗不到那座灯塔去喝杯茶?今天我们开专船，收费一镑，人们在原址建造了一座新灯塔，我兄弟买下了那座旧的。
他能沏好茶——茶钱都算在船费里了——价钱公道，要知道搞到食品是很费事的。
如果您对鬼之类的神奇东西有那么一点儿兴趣的话，这可能是一次不寻常的，大概还是不可思议的经历呢。
”我以赏识的目光打量了他一下说：“您真是在浪费您的才能。
2015年 河海大学研究生英语一 Unit 19 The Essayist
Unit 19 The EssayistThe essayist is a self-liberated man, sustained by the childish belief that everything he thinks about, everything that happens to him, is of general interest. He is a fellow who thoroughly enjoys his work, just as people who take bird walks enjoy theirs. Each new excursion of the essayist, each new “attempt”, differs from the last and takes him into new country. This delights him. Only a person who is congenitally self-centered has the effrontery and the stamina to write essays.散文家是一位自我解脱的人，靠一种幼稚的信念支撑着，他总认为自己想到的一切，自己遭遇的一切，是大家都感兴趣的。
他是一个充分欣赏自己工作的人，就像遛鸟的人欣赏他们的工作那样。
散文家的每一次新的游览，每一次新的“尝试”，都和前一次不同，而且总把他带进新的国度里去。
这使他很快慰。
只有生来以自我为中心的人才会厚颜无耻、持之以恒地去写散文。
There are as many kinds of essays as there are human attitudes or poses, as many essay flavors as there are Howard Johnson ice creams. The essayist arises in the morning and, if he has work to do, selects his garb from an unusually extensive wardrobe: he can pull on any sort of shirt, be any sort of person, according to his mood or his subject matter--philosopher, scold, jester, raconteur, confidant, pundit, devil’s advocate, enthusiast. I like the essay, have always liked it, and even as a child was at work, attempting to inflict my young thoughts and experiences on others by putting them on paper. I early broke into print in the pages of St.Nicholas. I tend still to fall back on the essay form ( or lack of form) when an idea strikes me, but I am not fooled about the place of the essay in twentieth-century American letters--it stands a short distance down the line. The essayist, unlike the novelist, the poet, and the playwright, must be content in his self-imposed role of second-class citizen. A writer who has his sights trained on the Nobel Prize or other earthly triumphs had best write a novel, a poem, or a play, and leave the essay to ramble about, content with living a free life and enjoying the satisfactions of a somewhat undisciplined existence. (Dr. Johnson called the essay “an irregular, undigested piece”; this happy practitioner has no wish to quarrel with the good doctor’s characterization.散文种类很多，犹如人的姿态，而散文风格韵味之多则犹如霍华德•约翰逊的冰淇淋。
2015年 河海大学研究生英语一 Unit 12 Thanksgiving
Unit 12 ThanksgivingSoon they will be together again, all the people who travel between their own lives and each other’s. The package tour of the season will lure them this week to the family table.很快，所有在人生路途中漂泊的人们将相聚一堂。
本周，回家是他们唯一能做的事，吸引着他们聚在家庭餐桌前。
By Thursday, feast day, family day, Thanksgiving day, Americans who value individualism like no other people will collect around a million tables in a ritual of belonging.在周四，宴会日，家庭日，感恩节这天，最崇尚个人主义的美国人将以一种归属的仪式，聚集在百万张餐桌前。
They will assemble their families the way they assemble dinner: each one bearing a personality as different as cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. For one dinner they will cook for each other, fuss for each other, feed each other and argue with each other.家人聚在一起，就像他们张罗的晚餐一样：每个人有着不同的个性，就像蔓越橘沙拉不同于南瓜饼一样。
晚餐中，他们煮给彼此吃，相互抱怨，相互喂食，相互争论。
They will nod at their common heritage, the craziness and caring of other generations. They will measure their common legacy… the children.对于共同传统和对其他几代人的狂热和关爱，他们都很认同。
河海大学研究生英语教材unit1
河海大学研究生英语教材unit1As an AI language model, I can help you write a 1000-word article on the topic "Unit 1 of the English textbook for postgraduate students at Hohai University." Please note that I won't be able to replicate the exact format of an English textbook, but I can provide you with relevant information and insights related to the topic. Here's the article:Unit 1: Introducing English Language Learning at Hohai UniversityIntroduction:In Unit 1 of the English textbook designed specifically for postgraduate students at Hohai University, we embark on an exciting journey of English language learning. This unit serves as an introduction to the course, outlining its objectives, resources, and strategies to enhance language proficiency. Understanding the importance of English in an academic and professional setting, this unit aims to equip students with the foundational knowledge needed to succeed in their studies.Section 1: Importance of English in Higher EducationEnglish has emerged as the lingua franca of the academic and professional world, making it crucial for postgraduate students to master the language. In this section, we discuss the significance of English in higher education, including its impact on research, international collaborations, and career prospects. By recognizing the benefits of English proficiency, students are motivated to invest time and effort into their language learning journey.Section 2: Course Objectives and ExpectationsTo ensure clarity and focus throughout the course, this section outlines the specific objectives and expectations for students. By setting clear goals, students can approach their learning with intention and track their progress. The objectives may include developing effective communication skills, expanding vocabulary, improving reading and writing abilities, and enhancing overall language fluency.Section 3: Resources and MaterialsUnit 1 also provides an overview of the diverse resources and materials that students can utilize to enhance their language learning experience. This section may include references to textbooks, online platforms, language laboratories, and language exchange programs. By exploring and utilizing these resources, students can supplement their classroom learning and practice English in various contexts.Section 4: Learning Strategies and TechniquesThis section focuses on introducing effective learning strategies and techniques tailored to postgraduate students. Topics may include time management, note-taking skills, effective reading strategies, and ways to develop listening and speaking proficiency. By incorporating these strategies into their learning routine, students can optimize their language learning process and maximize their potential.Section 5: Assessments and FeedbackUnit 1 concludes by addressing the assessment and feedback mechanisms for the course. Students will receive regular evaluations togauge their progress and identify areas for improvement. Feedback from instructors and peers will provide valuable insights and guidance for further development. This section highlights the importance of active participation, engagement, and utilizing feedback constructively.Conclusion:Unit 1 of the English textbook for postgraduate students at Hohai University emphasizes the importance of English language learning in a higher education context. By setting clear objectives, providing resources and materials, introducing effective learning strategies, and emphasizing assessments and feedback, this unit aims to lay the foundation for a successful language learning journey. As students progress through the course, they will develop the necessary skills and confidence to excel in their academic and professional endeavors.Please note that the article provided is a general example, and specific details and content may vary depending on the actual textbook content. Feel free to add or modify the article as per your requirements.。
河海大学研究生英语一 Unit 11 ~ Unit 20、24 课文翻译(DOC)
河海大学研究生英语一Unit 11 ~ Unit 20、24 课文翻译by晴天学长Unit 11 The Iks (1)Unit 12 Thanksgiving (3)Unit 13 Nine Years for A and B (5)Unit 14 To Err Is Human (7)Unit 16 The Role of Science Fiction (9)Unit 17 Newspapers (12)Unit 18 Three Days to See (14)Unit 19 The Essayist (17)Unit 20 Culture Shock (19)Unit 24 The Cultural Patterning of Time (21)Unit 11 The Iks小部落伊克人，曾经在乌干达北部山谷里过着狩猎和采集的游牧民族生活，已变成名人，总体来说，成了最终命运沮丧的、无情的人的人文象征。
两件具有灾难性、决定性意义的事情发生在他们身上。
政府决定建一座国家公园，所以他们依法被迫放弃在山谷里的狩猎生活，而变成贫瘠的山坡地里的农民。
之后，一个憎恶他们的人类学家访问了他们两年，并写了一本关于他们的书。
书的主旨是说，伊克人已经将自己变成了无药可救的不友善的人渣，是独立的、野兽般的生物，完全的自私无情。
这是对他们分崩离析的传统文化所做出的反应。
此外，这也是我们内在本性的模样。
当我们的社会结构全部瓦解时，我们都将变成伊克人。
论点当然是建立在对人性的必要的推测性假设的基础上。
首先，你得同意人性本恶，所表现出的喜爱和同情的优雅，仅仅是学到的习性，并非与生俱来。
如果你持此观点，伊克人的故事就可以用来佐证。
这些人表面上生活在一起，群居在小而密集的村庄，但是他们真的是独立的、没有关联的、对别人毫无明显作用的个人。
他们聊天，但仅仅是提出坏脾气的要求，做出冷漠的拒绝。
他们毫无分享，从不唱歌。
他们将刚会走路的孩子赶出去寻找食物，将老人抛弃任由其饿死。
2015年 河海大学研究生英语一Unit 9 pollution is a dirty wor
The earth is our home. We must take care of it, for ourselves and for the next generation. This means preserving the quality of our environment.
地球是我们的家园。为了我们自己和下一代，必须照顾好它。这意味着保 护我们的环境质量。
这项任务的重要性是研究人与自然关系的科学家强调的。这些科学家称为 生态学家，来自希腊字 Oikos，这意味着家园。生态学家们负责保持土地，空 气，和水的清洁。”我们该怎么做？”最近生态学家被问到。“糟糕。”科学家闻 着油烟的空气说。“我们必须做得更好，不久，或者很快就太晚了。”
Comment [o1]: 讨厌的; 污秽的; 多虱 的; 不清洁的; Comment [o2]: 废物堆积场
Comment [o3]: 坚定地、无情地向前 移动
Comment [o4]: 谬误的，邪恶的
poisoning his environment. 事情并非一直如此。仅在 100 年前，人与自然仍在和谐相处。那时没有这
污染是个脏词，污染意味着玷污－即用不洁之物弄污某物，使之不净或不 宜使用。污染来自很多组成。我们可以看见的，闻到的，尝到的，喝到的，还 有碰到的。我们几乎就生活在污染中，呼吸着它。并且，毫不奇怪的是，它已 在危害我们的健康、幸福和文明。
Once we thought of pollution as meaning simply smog---the choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several which attack the most basic life functions.
(完整word版)年河海大学研究生英语一Unit7TheHealingpowerofBelief
Unit 7 The Healing power of BeliefFor the past two years，I have been studying cancer survivors at UGLA,trying to find out why it is that some p eople respond much better to their treatment than do others。
At first I though that some patients did well because their illnesses were not as severe as the illnesses of others. On closer scrutiny,however,I discovered that severity of the illness was only one of a number of factors that accounted for the difference betw een those who get well and those who don’t。
The patients i am talking about here received upon diagnosis whatever therapy medic ation,radiation,surgery—their individual cases demanded。
Yet the response to such treatments was hardly uniform。
Some patients fared much better in their therapies than others.在过去的两年里,我一直在UGLA研究癌症幸存者,试图发现为什么对有些人治疗产生的效果会比其他人好。
2015年 河海大学研究生英语一 Unit 13 Nine Years for A and B
Unit 13 Nine Years for A and BDr. Johnson was the greatest man who made a dictionary. James A. H. Murray was the man who made the greatest dictionary: From 1879 to 1915, when he died, he devoted his life to the creation of the Oxford English Dictionary. Dr. Johnson had earned the right, as we have not, to call the lexicographer“a harmless drudge”. For Johnson knew not only that a great deal more than drudgery is involved, but also that the amount of drudgery in the making of a dictionary is simply unimaginable. Even the dictionary maker fortunately can’t make real to himself in advance.伟大的约翰森博士编纂了一部词典。
詹姆斯-A-H-莫里则编撰了最伟大的词典：从1879年到1915年，直到他死的那天，他倾其一生的精力来创作《牛津英语词典》。
约翰森博士有我们所不具备的资格，称词典编撰者为“无害的苦力者”。
约翰森博士知道编撰过程不仅极其单调乏味，而且其程度简直是难以想像的。
幸运的是，莫里在编撰词典之前并不知晓。
So the lexicographer—even a profoundly thoughtful and experienced one like James Murray—will grasp at the notion that the letter A is typical, so that he can really calculate, now that he has done A, how long are the vistas ahead. And then, all too soon, he is having to admit, not only that A isn’t typical (apparently it has lots of classically derived words, and these don’t have a great many senses) , but that the whole idea of typical letter is a will-o’-the-wisp. Or again, the lexicographer estimates the amount of time and effort involved in chasing up rare words or scientific terms and then finds that the hardest words are the ones that might seem easiest. The longest entry in the Oxford English Dictionary is for that simple slippery little word set, and Murray was plunged into black despair by “the terrible word Black and its derivatives”.所以，即便是像詹姆斯莫里这样考虑周全且富有经验的词典编撰者——也会急切地接受字母A是典型字母这一观念。
河海大学研究生英语一 unit 14 to err is human资料讲解
2015年河海大学研究生英语一U n i t14 T o E r r I s H u m a nUnit 14 To Err Is HumanEveryone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from $379 into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazy-sounding names at your address, department stores send the wrong bills, utility companies write that they’re turning everything off, that sort of thing. If you manage to get in touch with someone and complain, you then get instantaneously typed, guilty letters from the same computer, saying,” Our computer was in error, and an adjustment is being made in your account.”如今，几乎每个人都经历过电脑出错带来的麻烦。
银行通知的贷款余额忽然从379美元飞涨至数百万美元；呼吁给那些名字听起来稀奇古怪的人进行慈善捐助的信件三番五次地寄往你的地址；部门商店发送错误的账单；公共事业公司说他们将要关闭供给，诸如此类。
2015年--河海大学研究生英语一-Unit-20---Culture-Shock
Unit 20 Culture ShockCulture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.文化休克或许可以称为是突然移居国外的人的一种职业病。
像大多数疾病一样，它有自己的征兆和治疗。
Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.文化休克是突发的由于失去所有我们熟悉的社会交往的标志和象征而导致的焦虑。
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Unit 14 To Err Is HumanEveryone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from $379 into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazy-sounding names at your address, department stores send the wrong bills, utility companies write that they’re turning everything off, that sort of thing. If you manage to get in touch with someone and complain, you then get instantaneously typed, guilty letters from the same computer, saying,”Our computer was in error, and an adjustment is being made in your account.”如今，几乎每个人都经历过电脑出错带来的麻烦。
银行通知的贷款余额忽然从379美元飞涨至数百万美元；呼吁给那些名字听起来稀奇古怪的人进行慈善捐助的信件三番五次地寄往你的地址；部门商店发送错误的账单；公共事业公司说他们将要关闭供给，诸如此类。
如果你打印了，同一台电脑出来的致歉信上写道：“我们的电脑出现了错误，正在调整您的账目。
”These are supposed to be the sheerest, blindest accidents. Mistakes are not believed to be part of the normal behavior of a good machine. If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error, the result of fingering, tampering, a button getting stuck, someone hitting the wrong key. The computer, at its normal best, is infallible.这些意外事故纯粹是无意识的过错。
人们认为，出错不是一个性能良好的机器的正常行为。
如果出了错，那一定是人为的错误，如指法错误，乱碰键盘，按键失灵，按错了键。
最佳正常工作状态下的电脑是不会出差错的。
I wonder whether this can be true. After all, the whole point of computers is that they represent an extension of the human brain, vastly improved upon but nonetheless human, superhuman maybe. A good computer can think clearly and quickly enough to beat you at chess, and some of them have even programmed to write obscure verse. They can do anything we can do, and more besides.我想知道这会是真的么。
毕竟，电脑的本质是人脑的延伸，在此之上大为提升，但仍具有人性的特点，或许说具有超人类的特征。
好的电脑可以足够清晰快速地思考，在下棋中打败你。
它们有些甚至可以被编程写朦胧诗。
它们能做任何我们能做的事，更多的是我们做不了的。
It is not yet known whether a computer has its own consciousness, and it would be hard to find out about this. When you walk into one of those great halls now built for the huge machines, and stand listening, it is easy to imagine that the faint, distant noises are the sound of thinking, and the turning of the spools gives them the look of wild creatures rolling their eyes in the effort to concentrate, choking with information. But real thinking, and dreaming, are other matters.电脑是否有它自己的意识还未可知，也很难找到答案。
当你走进那些现在建来放巨大机器的大厅其中的一间，站着听，很容易把微弱遥远的声响想象成思考的声音，转轴的转动让它们看起来像野兽转动它们的眼睛，试图努力集中，因为信息而拥塞。
但是真正的思考和做梦，又是另一回事。
On the other hand, the evidences of something like an unconscious, equivalent to ours, are all around, in every mail. As extensions of the human brain, they have been constructed with the same property of error, spontaneous, uncontrolled, and rich inpossibilities.另一方面，每条信息里都有一种无意识的相当于我们人脑的东西存在的证据随处可见。
作为人脑延伸的电脑，其构造同样具有出错的特性，自发的、不受控制的，各种可能性都有。
Mistakes are at the very base of human thought, embedded there, feeding the structure like root nodules. If we were not provided with the knack of being wrong, we could never get anything useful done. We think out way along by choosing between right and wrong alternatives, and the wrong choices have to be made as frequently as the right ones. We get along in life this way. We are built to make mistakes, coded for error.出错是人类思维所固有的，扎根于人脑之中，像根瘤一样维持着脑组织。
假如不从犯错中有所收获，我们也许无法做成任何有用的事。
我们考虑事情时需在正误之间做出选择，而且错误的选择通常同正确的一样多。
我们的生活之路就是这样，注定会犯错误，为错误编码。
We learn, as we say, by “trial and error.” Why do we always say that? Why not “trial and rightness” or “trial and triumph”? The old phrase puts it that way because that is, in real life, the way it is done.正如我们自己所说，我们通过“尝试—出错”。
为什么我们总这样说呢？而不是“尝试—正确”或者是“尝试—成功”？这句老话之所以这么说是因为现实生活就是这样。
A good laboratory, like a good bank or a corporation or government, has to run like a computer. Almost everything is done flawlessly, by the book, and all the numbers add up to the predicted sums. The days go by. And then, if it is a lucky day, and a lucky laboratory, somebody makes a mistake: the wrong buffer, something in one of the blanks, a decimal misplaced in reading counts, the warm room off by a degree and a half, a mouse out of his box, or just a misreading of the day’s protocol. Whatever, when the results come in, something is obviously screwed up, and then the action can begin.好的实验室，正如好的银行或者政府，必须像电脑一样运行。
几乎每件事都得做到循规蹈矩、完美无缺，所有的数字累加起来需达到预计的数目。
十年如一日。
然而，在某个幸运的一天，一个幸运的实验室，有个人犯了个错误：缓存器坏了，一个空白表格被填写内容，读数中的小数点点错，温室降温1.5度，鼠标出了故障或者是当天的试验报告数据的错读。
无论什么原因，当结果出来时，显然有什么地方出毛病了，于是，新的探索行动便开始了。
The misreading is not the important error; it opens the way. The next step is the crucial one. If the investigator can bring himself to say,” But even so, look at that!”then the new finding, whatever it is, is ready for snatching. What is needed, for progress to be made, is the move based on the error.数据错读并不是重大错误，它打开了探索之门。