完整版英语句子成分讲解
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句子成分分析
句子用途
陈述句 疑问句 祈使句
感叹句
简单句（5种基本句型）
并列句（同等概念、选择、 句子结构 转折、因果）
复合句：含有两个或两个以 上主谓结构，其中一个主谓 结构作另一个的成分。
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
（六）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
? He is a clever boy. (形容词) ? His father works in a steel work. (名词) ? There are 54students in our class. (数词) ? Do you known betty'ssister? (名词的所有格 ) ? He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) ? There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) ? His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征 ? 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 ? I saw the flag on the top of the hill? ? He looked aftertwo orphans. ? 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; ? He can speak English well. ? She doesn't seem to like dancing
?2. We call him I_r_o_n_O__x_.
?3. The doctor told me t_o_d_o__m__o_r_e ? _e_x_e_rc_i_s_e_. ?4. They made her h_a_p__p_y. ?5. He is going to have his hair _c_u_t. ?6. They saw a bird _fl_y_in_g__in__t_h_e_s_k_y_.
（七）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 ? I will be back in a while. ? They are playing on the playground. ? He was late because he got up late. ? He got up so late that I missed the train.
（五）宾语补足语
有些及物动词 除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾 语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
? I found the book interesting.
（三）连系动词,其后面的成分叫作 表语 表示主语的 性质、状态和特征。
Be 动词
系动词
感官动词： smell feel taste look hear
表示变化的动词：become get turn grow stay
(四)宾语
动作的对象或承受者 ——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词 ) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
? 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
? He gave me some books.
↓ 间接 宾语
Fra Baidu bibliotek
↓ 直接 宾语
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriendsome flowers.
介词后面的名词、代词和动名词也 是宾语，叫介宾
? Do you smell something burning?
? He made himself known to them.
? She asked me to lend her a hand.
宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语 和宾补之间存在内__在__逻__辑_上__的__主__谓__关_系__。 ?1. They elected John m__o_n_i_to_r_.
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the treeis his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke justnow?
主语subject:句子说明的人或事物
The sun rises in the east. （名词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） The poor are now living in the shelter. (名词化的形容词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） He likes dancing. （代词） What he needs is a book. （句子） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
句子用途
陈述句 疑问句 祈使句
感叹句
简单句（5种基本句型）
并列句（同等概念、选择、 句子结构 转折、因果）
复合句：含有两个或两个以 上主谓结构，其中一个主谓 结构作另一个的成分。
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
（六）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
? He is a clever boy. (形容词) ? His father works in a steel work. (名词) ? There are 54students in our class. (数词) ? Do you known betty'ssister? (名词的所有格 ) ? He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) ? There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) ? His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征 ? 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 ? I saw the flag on the top of the hill? ? He looked aftertwo orphans. ? 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; ? He can speak English well. ? She doesn't seem to like dancing
?2. We call him I_r_o_n_O__x_.
?3. The doctor told me t_o_d_o__m__o_r_e ? _e_x_e_rc_i_s_e_. ?4. They made her h_a_p__p_y. ?5. He is going to have his hair _c_u_t. ?6. They saw a bird _fl_y_in_g__in__t_h_e_s_k_y_.
（七）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 ? I will be back in a while. ? They are playing on the playground. ? He was late because he got up late. ? He got up so late that I missed the train.
（五）宾语补足语
有些及物动词 除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾 语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
? I found the book interesting.
（三）连系动词,其后面的成分叫作 表语 表示主语的 性质、状态和特征。
Be 动词
系动词
感官动词： smell feel taste look hear
表示变化的动词：become get turn grow stay
(四)宾语
动作的对象或承受者 ——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词 ) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
? 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
? He gave me some books.
↓ 间接 宾语
Fra Baidu bibliotek
↓ 直接 宾语
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriendsome flowers.
介词后面的名词、代词和动名词也 是宾语，叫介宾
? Do you smell something burning?
? He made himself known to them.
? She asked me to lend her a hand.
宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语 和宾补之间存在内__在__逻__辑_上__的__主__谓__关_系__。 ?1. They elected John m__o_n_i_to_r_.
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the treeis his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke justnow?
主语subject:句子说明的人或事物
The sun rises in the east. （名词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） The poor are now living in the shelter. (名词化的形容词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） He likes dancing. （代词） What he needs is a book. （句子） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.