朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》笔记和考研真题详解-上册-第8章 英国的外交关系【圣才出品】
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第8章英国的外交关系
8.1 复习笔记
I. Britain then and now
1. The end of British Empire
2. Britain today
II. The foundations of Britain’s Foreign Policy
1. Imperial history
2. Geopolitical traits
III. How foreign policy is made?
1. The Prime Minister and Cabinet
2. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO)
3. The Ministry of Defense
4. The Department of Trade and Industry
5. The Treasury
6. Electorate
7. Foreign relations
IV. Britain and international institutions
1. A member of UN Security Council (UNSC)
2. A member of European Union (EU)
3. A member of Commonwealth
V. Britain and the United States
1. “Special relationship”
2. Ups and downs
VI. Britain security and defense
1. Britain’s defense power
2. Britain’s defense policy
I. Britain then and now（历史和现状）
1. The end of British Empire（大英帝国的瓦解）
(1) In 1946, Jordan in the Middle East was granted independence.
(2) In 1947, India and Pakistan followed suit.
(3) In 1948, Burma (now Myanmar) and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) was granted
independence and left the Commonwealth as well.
(1) 1946年，位于中东地区的约旦宣告独立。
(2) 1947年，印度和巴基斯坦相继独立。
(3) 1948年，缅甸、锡兰(即斯里兰卡) 宣告独立并脱离了英联邦。
2. Britain today（今天的英国）
(1) Britain now participates as an equal number of European Union (EU) .
(2) It has independent nuclear deterrent and technologically advanced armed
forces.
(3) Its economy ranks about sixth in the world.
(1) 在欧盟拥有与他国平等的席位。
(2) 具备独立的核威慑力量和先进的军队。
(3) 经济位列世界第六。
II. The foundations of Britain’s Foreign Policy（外交政策建立的基础）
1. Imperial history（帝国史）
(1) The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial
history.
(2) As Britain lost its empire so recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that
Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs.
(1) 英国现行外交政策受其帝国史影响很深。
(2) 由于大英帝国才刚刚瓦解不久，英国的政策制定者经常会忘记英国在国际事务中已不再
像过去那么具有影响力了。
2. Geopolitical traits（地缘政治特点）
(1) Another decisive influence upon the way Britain handles its external affairs is
geopolitical attitude to Europe.
(2) Britain’s island isolation has created a sense of psychological isolation in its
inhabitants, which results in Britain’s schizophrenic attitude to Europe.
(3) But Britain’s physical isolation has long been diminished by the development
of airlines and more recently by the opening of the Channel Tunnel, which links Britain to continental Europe.