定语从句2

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3.Today is March 12th. 4.People get together to plant trees.
Today is March 12th when people get together to plant trees.
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Where is Jack?
He is absent because he is sick.
Conclusion: which 指人_______) whom 如何选 1.sentences (1)(2)(3)(4)(5): 介词+关系代词(指物______/ 择介词. 动词 或形容词搭配. 根据句意 根据与从句中_______ of 根据先行词 表所属关系时用介词_________.
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Task4 Extension.
I. Read these sentences.
1. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 2. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 3. He was the man on whom you can depend. 4. This is the factory in which he works. 5. He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. = He has written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten.
Detailed explanation
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when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先 行词为time, day, morning, night, week, year, moment, period, age等，亦可用“介词 +which”替代。 I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane. 我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。 We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. 我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑做的时代。
5.Jack is absent.
6. He is sick.
He gave me the reason why Jack was absent.
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Task1. Presentation. I. Analyze.
1. It is our classroom (where )we study. attributive clause antecedent (先行词) relative adverb（ adverbial ) (关系副词)
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2. Today is March 12th (when) people get together to plant trees.
antecedent relative adverb（adverbial)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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3. He gave me the reason (why) Jack was absent.
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela –a modern hero
Period
4 语法专题课
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Lead-in: Make sentences.
1.It is our classroom.
2. We study in our classroom.
It is our classroom where we study.
one.
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Task2. Conclusion.
关系副词 或介词加关系代词 When in/__/during …+which on 表示 在成分从句 充当的成分
时间
状语 状语 状语
Where in/ at+ which Why for+ which
地点 原因
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Task 3 Test yourself!
———
II.找出先行词和关系副词.
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定语从句中关系副词的用法
1. 定语从句中关系副词有：
when, where, why
2. 关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份： 关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。 when 作时间状语；where 作地点状语； why 作原因状语。
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He remembered the day when I arrived in this big city. when 作时间状语，意为 on the day I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. where 作地点状语，意为in the place Please give me the reason why you were late this time. why作原因状语，意为for the reason
I. Fill in the blanks.
最近我去了我出生的那个小镇。杰克没能去的原因是 他错过了火车。我永远不会忘记我们在小镇上一起 玩耍的那段时间。
in which (where)I I recently went to the town ________________ was born. The reasonfor _____________Jack didn’t which (why ) come was that he missed the train. I will never in which (when) had fun with forget the time _____________we each other in the town.
6. We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 7. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. 8. The way (省略)/ that/in which you talked to your teacher was impolite. 2. sentences (6)(7): 表示抽象空间概念的名词特 殊名词作先行词,如__________ _________, stage ， position case，situation 后常用where 或______ in which 3. sentences(8): the way 作先行词时，表示“… 的方式/方法”,在从句中作状语,引导词常用 that in which 或省略. _______, ________
请把书放在容易找到的地方。
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Attention
where 引导的定语从句还可以修饰表示抽象 空间概念的名词，如 case(情况), point(地步) situation(情形), position(位置), stage(阶段)… What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication? 在哪些情形下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？
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注意：关系副词与关系代词在定语从句中 的关系： “介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语相当 于一个关系副词。如： 王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。 这个句子有以下三种表达方式：
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The factory that/which Mr. Wang works in is a shoe one. The factory in which Mr. Wang works is a shoe one. The factory where Mr. Wang works is a shoe
which在定语从句中作宾语
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比较: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside. when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当 于 on the days。
We believe the reason that he told us. 比较: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.
antecedent
relative adverb（adverbial ）
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1. The school where I studied for only two years was ——— ——— three kilometers away. 2. However, this was a——— time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 3. The ——— day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one _____ of my happiest. 4. The places outside the towns they were sent ———where ——— to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum? Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find it.
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This is the reason why/for which he didn’t come to the meeting. 结论：只有当 “介词+关系代词”充当地 点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用 关系副词代替。
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4. 关系副词when, where和why也可用“介 词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词(名词） 与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定 语从句的谓语动词来确定。 when 相当于“at/in/on/during + which” where 相当于“in/at/on + which” why 相当于“for + which”
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3. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的 词时都用when, where, why，若先行词 在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或 宾语，就必须用which或that。 We often think of the days which we
spent together in the countryside.
where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的 先行词通常为place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，亦可用“介词 + which”替代。 Can you tell me the company where he works? 你能告诉我他工作的公司吗？ Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.
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II. Quiz.
一．Fill in the blanks. to whom 1. We are looking for the person____________ the wallet belongs. at which person 2. 18 is the youngest age ____________a can be employed. 3. He referred me to some books ______________I with which am not very familiar.
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why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason， 在定语从句中作原因状语，亦可用“介词for+ which”替代。 Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？