太原理工大学 科技英语(一)全部复习资料
科技英语复习内容(考试)
Unit 1A. 1) mutual gain game and mutual harm game互赢博弈和互败博弈2) sequential –move game连续策略博弈3) simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈4) linear reasoning直线推理5) circular reasoning循环推理6) Nash reasoning纳什均衡7) dominant strategy支配性策略8) optimal result最优化结果9) breakdown of cooperation合作破裂10) strategy of brinkmanship边缘化策略B. 1) 完全博弈pure conflict 2) 竞争与合作competition and cooperation3) 策略性相互作用strategic interdependence 4) 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma5) 长远性损失ong-run loss 6) 针锋相对策略tit-for-tat strategy7) 策略混合mixing one’s moves8) 打斜线球或底线球hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line9) 垄断性市场monopoly market 10) 均衡份额equilibrium sharesUnit 5A. 1) the existing technology 现有的技术2) voice commands语音命令3) cellular network蜂窝网络4) slot for added memory附加存储卡用槽5) have computerlike fearues具有电脑功能6) a built-in digital camera内置式数码相机7) set up temporary offices建立临时办公室8) word processing power文字处理能力9) qwerty keboard标准键盘10) location-based services定位服务B. 1) 闪存容量flashy memory 2) 手机观察家们mobile-phone watchers3) 投影键盘projection keyboard 4) 个人电脑的捍卫者defenders of the PC5) 语音识别系统speech-recognition system 6) “双铰”式设计―dual hinge‖ design7) 按钮式拨号式键盘the touch-tone pad 8) 手机迷a phone guy9) 豪华大屏显the luxuriously large screen 10) 智能手机smartphonesUnit 8A 1) ferrous metal 黑色金属2) boron nitride 氮化硼3) elastic deformation 弹性形变4) plastic deformation 塑性形变5) bulk modulus体积模量6) volume compression 体积压缩7) linear compression 线性压缩8) shear modulus 剪切模9) covalent bond 共价键10) irreversible motion 不可恢复运动B 1) 剪切运动shear motion 2）过渡金属transition mental 3）纳米结构nanostructure4）结晶粒度grain size 5）三元相ternary phases 6）高价电子high valence electron7）导热性能thermal conductivity 8) 低耗合成low-cost synthesis9）耐磨涂层wear-risistant coating 10）折光指数index refractionUnit 11. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential and simultaneous.博奕的实质是博弈者采取策略间相互依赖性，这种策略性相互依赖表瑞为两个不同类别，连续策略之间和联力策略间的相互作用。
科技英语综合练习复习资料(附答案)
科技英语综合练习复习资料(附答案)科技英语综合练习复习资料阅读理解Unit 1 term “games” in game theory all shares the characteristic of______?参考答案：D to the passage, recent research of game theory lays its emphasis on games conflict cooperation and cooperation 参考答案： D simultaneous-move games, the player should how the other players respond and then respond in turn conscious of the other players5 current actions thinking in a linear chain of reasoning and calculate the possible outcome to select his best response to what the others do 参考答案：D the sentence ‘‘Other games were considered in a cooperative form. That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement theiractions jointly”，the underlined word “implement” means .____ 履行参考答案：B can i nfer from “The Prisoner’s Dilemma” of game theory that_____: belongs to the so-called zero-sum games because the interests af the prisoners conflict totally equilibrium can be reached in repeated plays of the game i参考答案：B to the authors, which of the following statements il true? ’s concept of equilibrium addresses the issues of both sequential-move and simultaneous-move games. pursuit of an equilibrium should end up looking for dominant strategies or eliminating dominated players. ’s concept of equilibrium doesn’t specify the dynamic process which can result in an equilibrium. equilibrium will ultimately be arrived at in simultaneous-move games. 参考答案：C keep the rival guessing or losing, the useof mixing moves can be found in ______ chopping wood conquering Mexico in 16th century securing a monopoly market tennis player hitting a passing shot 一个网球运动员参考答案：D the sentence \presumption that each person’s privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result”, the underl ined word “presumption” means _____. 假设参考答案：A of the following ways can enhance the credibility of threats and promise to affect the opponent in a strategic interaction? the rival guessing. the strategy of brinkmanship. to have a better outcome. and revealing information. 参考答案：B the sentence “A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him”，theunderlined word “deter” means___阻止参考答案：D Unit 4 operators can offer their subscribers services like reserving bandwidth for specific application by using _______specification. 参考答案：B PCMM standard creates a framework that allows the_________ to control and change the allocated bandwidth for various services. modem keeping server manager devices 参考答案：D the sentence “The seamless Wi-Fi roaming technology would alert the mobile carrier when a user migrates into a Wi-Fi zone”, the unde rlined word “migrates” means参考答案：A of the following-is a compelling reason for promoting cellular roaming? operating expenditure. cell, phone’s markets. entertaining functions. overall communications. 通信参考答案：D networks are moving towardthe concept \ spot point spot 地铁站点 D. network node 参考答案：C of the following is the characteristic of meshed wireless network?, 参考答案：B the sentence “A hybrid TDM/IP approach can incorporate IP features in conjunction with an existing TDM-based PBX”,the underlined word \ 参考答案：B does the IP Centrex service use to provide all the IP calling features to the enterprise customer?A A context switch and feature server architecture.B A softswitch and management server architecture.C A context switch and management server architecture. D. A softswitch and feature server architecture. 软交换和特征服务参考答案：D the sentence “PON has been heralded as the chosen FTTP path for RBOCs”, the underlined word \ . 宣告参考答案：A actual number of active devices in anactive network is less than ________ more thain those in a passive network. % % % % 参考答案：A Unit 6 is the main point of the article? laws of thermodynamics will eventually cause computer system performance to plateau. computing is inevitable in the near future. computing will unlock the power of tomorrow’s computing platforms. principles of reversible computing. 参考答案：C computers, or adiabatic systems . existing technology to falter an alternative computing technique 代替计算技术quantum computers at a steep price 参考答案：B core elements to create a fully functional reversible computer system involve circuits, reversible power supply and reversible switches power supply and reversible switches circuits, reversible switches and reversible chips circuits,reversible power supply and reversible chips 可逆电路、可逆电源、可逆芯片参考答案：D of the following states why improvements in computing come at a steep price? computing architectures need to be changed. information inevitably produces heat. designs need to be re-engineered. and development tools need to be re-designed. 参考答案：A have been investigating alternative computing techniques such as _______to stave off the problems of conventional computing performance. computing 量子计算operations 参考答案：C the sentence “To stave off these problems, researchers have been investigating alternative computing techniques”, the underlined phrase-&stave off’means way to off 解决参考答案：D of the following lists all the fundamental computing performance bottlenecks?and software designs and leakage. heat dissipation and hardware and software designs. heat dissipation and thermal heat dissipation, thermal noise and leakage. 参考答案：D of the following statements woes, to new levels, persisted in adiabatic systems, knowing the technology would be, important soon. 参考答案：A of the following statements supports the idea that “the energy consumption of laptops remains the same”? not confuse adiabatic methods with today’s power-saying features on laptops. computations of laptops may consume less power, but take twice as long to complete.完成energy of laptops is conserved since much of the time they are not running. run the idle loop fast, thus laptops might conserve power. 参考答案：B can be implied from the passage that______. systems are more necessary forgeneral-purpose applications future where reversible systems become necessary is inevitable chips will not be more efficient for practical applications even if optimized is not in favor of adiabatic research 参考答案：B Unti 7 the sentence “As the enterprise considers V oIP and more significantly V oIP over Wi-Fi, the decision to implement location-aware technology will become amatter of legal compliance”, the underlined word “compliance” means _____. 命令参考答案：B a caller dials 911, a selective router switch within the phone network sends the call to a local ______ station 公共安全应答站point 参考答案：B is the percentage of people in the who will get E911 service? 93 percent. 95 percent. 88 percent. 88 79 percent. 参考答案：C technologies and V oIP present unique problems for E911because__________. phone users are usually able to roam in a large area phones only use base stations to connect to the Internet phones can only work across Wi-Fi network phones’area codes are tied to its’geographic location 参考答案：A of the following is included in the deployment of 911 across cellular networks? 0 ensures that E911 calls will get through to a PSAP. 1 specifies that V oIP 911 calls will be routed to the local PSAP. 2 will bring full E911 services to V oIP across the PSTN. 3 will deliver E911 over IP to devices without telephone numbers. 参考答案：A the sentence “It could then offset those costs by passing them on to the application service provider, which could in turn charge the end user”, the underlined word “offset” means_______.参考答案：A of the following is the advantage of A-GPS over GPS? searchtime is reduced by 10 to 12 seconds. takes several minutes to get the location information. saves precious battery life for mobile phone users. works equally well both inside and outside buildings. 参考答案：C uses_________. bands bands bands bands 参考答案：B of the following is the function of triangulation? measure the returning signal’s attenuation. emit test signals into the environment. compare multiple signal strengths. account for multiple propagation. 参考答案：C of the following examples shows that location-aware presence improves Wi-Fi security? can locate interlopers penetrating the defenses of the Wi-Fi network. the Wi-Fi environment, consumers can be directed to restaurants. companies can now track the movement of their vans. hospitals doctors and medical equipment can be quickly located. 参考答案：A 完形填空Unit 4 1.B. handicapsC. benefits促进D. hindrances 2. A. while B. when C. however D. though 3. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. however D. though 4. A. on B. with C. by D. over 5. A. accede B. accelerate促进 C. access D. accept 6. A. exceeds超越 B. precedes C. antecedes D. cedes 7. A. decline B. arise C. grow种植D. descend 8. A. converting B. converging合并 C. convecting D. convolving 9. A. interact B. interaction C. interacting D. interactive互动的10. A. coupling B. couple C. coupled连结的 D. being coupled 11. A. potential潜能B. latency C. efficiency D. specialty 12. A. but B. however C. therefore D. hence 13. A. That B. It C. WhichD. What 14. A. constitutes构成 B. consists C. comprises D. contains 15. A. minimum最低限度的B. maximum C. medium D. average 16. A. upon B. for C. against反对 D. beneath 17. A. nevertheless B. though C. even平的 D. nonetheless 18. A. approachB. access接入C. availD. admission19. A. uncertainty不确定的 B. probability C. certainty D. likelihood20. A. survive B. evolve使发展 C. revolve D. extend Unit6 1. A. on B. to C. for D. at 2. A. award B. reward C. awards D. rewards报酬 3. A. though B. so C. if D. worse 4. A. punishment惩罚B. punishC. informationD. judge5. A. detects B. detected C. is detected D. be detected6. A. punished B. unpunished C. punishing7.A. sayB. note记事本C. understandD. calculate 8. A. by accident偶然地instinct C. by intention D. by all accounts 9. A. proof B. evidence C. examine D. inspections检查10. A. surrenders B. reasons C. victims受害者 D. causes 11. A. having to stay B. having stayed C. staying D. of having to stay 12. A. cleared B. revealed显示 C. victims D. causes 13. A. lying B. untruthful C. dishonest不诚实的D. unhonest 14. A. Unlike B. Like C. With D. For 15. A. take B. commit犯罪 C. submit D. perform 16. A. be charged B. charged C. charge D. charging 17. A. depend B. command C. recommend D. demands 18.A. existB. resultC. obtainD. gain 19. A. hesitate犹豫 B. refuse C. stop D. lost 20. A. confidentB. privateC. confidential机密的D. valuable句子翻译Unit 1 essence of a game is the interdependence of player are two distinct types of strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous. 博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
科技英语词汇解析
科技英语词汇解析
乔楠
【期刊名称】《科技创新与生产力》
【年(卷),期】2005(000)004
【摘要】科技英语是为了满足科学技术发展与交流而逐渐形成的一种英语变体.它是由普通英语演变而来的,遵循普通英语的词法规则,因而与普通英语具有共性.但由于科技英语有其特定的交际目的和交际对象,所以在词汇方面与普通英语存在着差异,形成了独特的文体风格.
【总页数】2页(P68-69)
【作者】乔楠
【作者单位】太原理工大学,山西,太原,030024
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H3
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科技英语复习资料
Unit 1、2 科技英语基础知识resistance 电阻值、current 电流、charge 电荷，充电、circuit 电路、relay 继电器，中继器，中转站、antenna 天线field （电，磁）场、filter 滤波器、coherent 相干的，相关的、burst 脉冲、envelope 包络, 包迹、network 网络、spectrum 频谱、rectifier 整流器、regulator 稳压器、modulator 调制器、flip-flop 触发器、potential 电位、carrier 载波, 载流子、determinant 行列式、line 电线, 电网conductor 导体inductance 电感introduce 引入, 介绍Unit 3 Electrical Technique（电子技术）Passage Binary System and Logic Systems（二进制系统和逻辑系统）1.Binary SystemA digital system functions in a binary manner.It employs devices which exist only in two possible states. A transistor is allowed to operate at cutoff or in saturation, but not in its active region. A node may be at a high voltage of, say, 4±1 V or at a low voltage of, say, 0.2±0.2 V, but no values are allowed. Various designations are used for these two quantized states, and the most common are listed in Table 3.1. In logic, a statement is characterized as true or false, and this is the first binary classification listed in the table. A switch may be closed or open, which is the notation under 9, etc. Binary arithmetic and mathematical manipulation of switching or logic functions are best carried out with classification 3, which involves two symbols, 0(zero) and 1(one).1二进制一个数字系统作用于二进制方式下。
太原理工大学科技英语（一）全部复习资料（1）
太原理工大学科技英语（一）全部复习资料（1）一．英汉互译1.Friction（摩擦）will causethe bearingsto become heated摩擦会使轴承变热2.Eachatom normally has the same number of electrons revolving about the nuclear asit has protons.通常每个原子内绕原子核旋转的电子数和原子核内的质子数相同3.In a solid or liquid,the molecules are much closer together,resulting in much more material in a given volume.在液体和固体中，分子结合得紧密得多，导致在一定体积内的物质也多得多4.The determination of what element or elements are present in a substance is called qualitative analysis.测定物质中存在哪种或哪几种元素叫做定性分析5.Thesteel should not contain more than0.5%of carbon钢中的含碳量不应超过0.5%6.Sounddoes not travel asfast aslight声音不如光传播的快7.Theinstallation of the new equipment is the responsibility of the manufacturers.厂家负责安装这种新机器二．填空题1.From the results of the measurements it can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venusis too hot for life asknown on earth.从观测结果可以得出结论：金星表面的温度对地球上已知的生物来说太高。
科技英语综合复习资料
科技英语综合复习资料考试题型：1. 阅读理解，占40分；2. 选择题，20分；3. 完形填空20分；4. 翻译，20分。
Part I Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are twelve passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneIf you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don’t have to carry much cash. This saves your trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also, if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don’t have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.Credit cards are a big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company — a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installments.However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable customers. Also, the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers’ account.Yet, in many ways, the big loser in the credit card system is not the credit card company, the store, or the card user, but rather the general customer. The store makes up for the fees it pays to the credit card company by increasing prices for goods and services. Stores may have more sales if they accept cards, but the added cost to the store when credit cards are accepted instead of cash, is actually passed on to all customers in higher prices. In this way the cash customer suffers for the convenience the credit card customer enjoys.Many feel that it will only be a matter of time before credit cards completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses. In such a credit card economy there would be only one ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ and each individual would be given his or her card. Each person’s Social Security number would be used as the card number. Firms would use their Federal Identification number. Thus, every individual would be able to pay for everything by credit card —newspapers, cab fares, donations, tools, theater admissions, tuition, children’s allowances, everything. All salary payments would be credited to each individual’s account with the ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ which would pay one’s bills, deduct state and federal taxes, and deposit what’s left —if anything —into a savings account. Just think of the convenience of getting rid of cash and checks and even eliminating loose change. No need, then, to worry as before, when you wanted to buy a newspaper and you only had a $20 bill.However, with a complete credit card economy, there would still be the problem of thefts of cards, forging of card and lost cards, so the credit card is really not that practical. Something else is needed that is small, always with us, cannot be forged, and easily identifies our account. The answer is your thumbprint; everyone’s thumbprint would be recorded with his or her Social Security number.1. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. how the credit card company worksB. how the credit card company pays the bankC. the advantages of the credit cardD. the disadvantages of the credit card2. According to Paragraph 1, if you have a credit card, you will have to pay a small service charge to ______.A. the credit card companyB. the store where you purchase goodsC. the bank where you deposit moneyD. other customers3. From Paragraph 3 we know that the big loser in the credit card system is ______.A. the general customerB. the storeC. the card userD. the credit card company4. The author thinks that credit cards ______.A. will completely disappear in the futureB. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses quicklyC. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses sooner or laterD. will not replace cash and checks because there is a matter of time5. From the author’s point of view, the credit card is ______.A. perfect and practicalB. not easily forgedC. still faced with some problems and not so practicalD. more practical than one’s thumbprintPassage TwoSome people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sports women kill the essence of sports -- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dream and reputation. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention "Argentina‖ to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup "put Argentina on the map".Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinians really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every sense better than all others? Not really. But it's nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.1. What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage ?A) To prove that football is the world's most important sport.B) To show that Argentina is better than all others.C) To compare Scotland with Argentina.D) To explain the role of sport.2. In the second paragraph, the word ―summit‖ means ______.A) highest point B) mountain topC) award D) summary3. According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its ______.A) large number of sports fans and supportersB) success in the football World CupC) obvious position on the mapD) excellence at all important sports4. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will ______.A) fail to succeed B) be successfulC) lose enjoyment D) be irrational5. What is the author's attitude towards international games?A) Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.B) Nations that won football World Cup are regarded best in all aspects.C) Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.D) Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.Passage ThreeAs evidence that the earth’s atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate, scientists are making slow progress toward an answer to the big question raised by the evidence: How much of the warming is due to human activity and how much to natural causes?The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the group of scientists widely considered the most authoritative voice on the subject, has already concluded that there is a ―discernible human influence‖ on the global climate. Now the panel is deep into another of its periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change.Some experts on the problem say the human imprint on climate is becoming clearer, and may even have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Not everyone agrees and virtually all experts say that in any case, a reliable estimate of the human imprint’s magnitude still remains some distance off.A number of influences, both natural and man-made, cause the planet’s temperature to vary. The natural ones include changes in solar radiation, and sulfate droplets called aerosols cast aloft by erupting volcanoes, which cool the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight.The human influence stems mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate aerosols from industrial smokestacks.Human factors appeared to be playing a part, but no judgment has been made on whether that part was big, small or in between.One recent piece of evidence suggesting a strong human influence, which seems like to carry some weight with the intergovernmental panel, appeared recently in the journal Nature. Scientists analyzed the global climate record of the last century in an effort to isolate and quantify the major factors producing the century’s rise of about 1 degree Fahrenheit in t he Earth’s average surface temperature.The research team found that in the earlier part of the century, the rise could be explained either by an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and heat-trapping greenhouse gases emitted by industrial economies. But they found that after the mid-1970s, when abo ut half the century’s warming took place, that warming resulted largely from the greenhouse gases. Other researchers have lately come to a similar conclusion.―The study represents another jigsaw puzzle piece,‖ said one expert. ―There is still a long way to go in completing the puzzle,‖ he said, ―but we are beginning to see the smile on the face of the Mona Lisa, I think—or perhaps it should be a frown.‖Meanwhile, though, evidence of warming and its effects continues to mount. Earlier this year, scientists at the University of Massachusetts and the University of Arizona reconstructed the average annual surface temperature trend of the Northern Hemisphere for the last 1000 years. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.This and other analyses have found that the warmest years of all occurred in the 1990s, with 1998 the warmest on record. El Nino, the great pool of warm water in the tropical Pacific Ocean that from time to time heats the atmosphere and disrupts weather patterns, was responsible for some of the 1998 heating. An analysis, however, has shown that when El Nino’s effects are filtered out of the global temperature record statistically, 1998 still ranks as the warmest year.Two studies reported in Nature last month suggest that the warming is being reflected in patterns of wildlife behavior and distribution. In one study, 13 scientists analyzed distribution patterns of 35 species, their range of habitat had shifted northward by 35 to 240 kilometers coincidentally with Europe’s warming trend.In the other study, some British scientists analyzed the nesting habits of 20 species of birds in Britain. They found that, again coincident with a recent warming trend, the birds were laying their eggs earlier in the spring. This is the latest in a series of studies indicating that meteorological spring is coming earlier in the Northern Hemisphere[5]. Some have also shownthat fall is coming later.A third study in Nature reported, on the basis of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, that present-day atmospheric levels of heating-trapping carbon dioxide were higher than at any other time in the last 420000 years. At 360 parts per million, they are 20 percent higher than in any previous warm period between ice ages and double the typical concentrations during an ice age.1. The earth’s atmosphere is warming, ______.A. mainly because of human factorB. mainly because of natural causesC. the reason of which is completely unknownD. which is being studied by scientists2. Maybe sulfate aerosols are all caused by ______.A. erupting volcanoesB. industrial smokestacksC. both A and BD. none of the above3. Which of the following is TRUE?A. About half of the 20th century’s rise in average global climate resulted mostly from the greenhouse gases.B. Half of the 20th century warming took place in the last thirty years.C. The 20th century is the warmest in the last one thousand years.D. All of the above.4. The global climate rise in the earlier part of the 20th century is due to ______.A. an increase in solar radiation onlyB. greenhouse gasesC. eruption of volcanoesD. either an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and greenhouse effect5. According to the study of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, we can infer that ______.A. present-day climate is the warmest in historyB. present-day climate is 20 percent hotter than that of the last 420 000 yearsC. present-day climate is twice hotter than that of an ice ageD. in 1998 the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere are the highest on recordPassage FourThe current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an ―oil weapon‖ by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a ―security margin‖ in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies ofequipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.1. The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargoB. making effective coordination among those industrialized countriesC. promoting cooperation in making policies about energyD. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries2. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.B. Its members include developed and developing countries.C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.3. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.A. various supply sourcesB. stable energy marketsC. the largest profitsD. reasonable prices4. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.A. recognize the reality of energy shortageB. guarantee the stability of energy marketC. realize the unity of the worldwide marketD. protect one’s independent interests5. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. convince readers that energy security is importantB. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.C. inform readers what the energy security system is likeD. present principles for ensuring energy securityPassage FiveNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, thoughthis is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.The Internet seems to have just arrived, so how can we possibly imagine what will replace it? In truth, early versions of the Net have been around since the 1960s and 70s, but only after the mid-1990s did it begin to have a serious public impact. Since 1994, the population of users has grown from about 13 million to more than 300 million around the world.What will the Internet be like 20 years from now?Like the rest of infrastructure, the Internet will eventually seem to disappear by becoming widespread. Most access will probably be via high-speed, low-power radio links. Most handheld, fixed and mobile appliances will be Internet enabled. This trend is already discernible in the form of Internet-enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants. Like the servants of centuries past, our household helpers will chatter with one another and with the outside help.So many appliances, vehicles and buildings will be online by 2020 that it seems likely there will be more things on the Internet than people. Internet-enabled cars and airplanes are coming online, and smart houses are being built every day. Eventually, programmable devices will become so cheap that we will embed them in the cardboard boxes into which we put other things for storage or shipping. These passive ―computers‖ will be activated as they pass sensors and will be able to bo th emit and absorb information. Such innovations will facilitate increasingly automatic manufacturing, inventory control, shipping and distribution. Checkout at the grocery store will be fully automatic, as will payment via your digital wallet.The advent of programmable, mini-scale machines will extend the Internet to things with the size of molecules that can be injected under the skin, leading to Internet-enabled people. Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who would otherwise be there only for observation. The speech processor used today in cochlear implants for the hearing impaired could easily be connected to the Internet; listening to Internet radio could soon be a direct computer-to-brain experience!The Internet will undergo substantial alteration as optical technologies allow the transmission of many trillions of bits per second on each Internet’s fiber-optic backbone network. The core of the network will remain optical, and the edges will use a mix of access technologies, ranging from radio and infrared to optical fiber and the old twisted-pair copper telephone lines.By then, the Internet will have been extended, by means of an interplanetary Internet backbone, to operate in outer space.How will this pervasive Internet access affect our daily lives? More and more of the world’s inform ation will be accessible instantly and from virtually anywhere. In an emergency, our health records will be available for remote medical consultation with specialists and perhaps even remote surgery. More and more devices will have access to the global positioning system, increasing the value of geographically indexed databases. Using GPS with speech-understanding software that is emerging today, we will be able to get directions from our Internet as easily as we once got them at a filling station.Is there any downside to a society suffused with information and the tools to process it?Privacy will come at a premium. Enormous quantities of data about our daily affairs will flow across the Internet, working to make our lives easier. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past. Who should have access to our medical records and our financial information, and how will that access be controlled? Will we be able to search and use the vast information stored online without leaving trails across the Net? How will business transactions be taxed, and in what jurisdictions will disputed electronic transactions be resolved? How will intellectual property be protected? How will we prove that contracts were signed on a certain date, or that their terms and conditions have not been electronically altered? There are technical answers for many of these questions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably. Making this system of millions of networks robust is a challe nge for the present generation of Internet engineers. But I am an optimist and believe we are going to live in a world abundantwith information and with the tools needed to use it wisely.1. The main idea the author tries to convey is that ______.A. the Internet has already arrivedB. the Internet began to have a serious impact in 1990sC. the Internet is getting more and more popularD. the Internet is developing fast ever since its appearance2. The Internet might seem to disappear because most access to the Internet is probably realized by ______.A. high-speed, low-power radio linksB. handheld mobile appliancesC. internet-enabled cell phonesD. personal digital assistants3. The Internet will have a significant change thanks to optical technology, which ______.A. will make the Internet access more flexibleB. will make the Internet transmission more rapidlyC. will make the Internet communication more convenientD. will make the Internet more useful in our life4. The primary concern of online experience is ______.A. privacyB. convenienceC. pricingD. conflict5. The author’s attitude toward the future of the Internet is ______.A. doubtfulB. cheerfulC. biasedD. depressedPassage SixI spent some of the most exciting days of my life wor king on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge ―antlers‖, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save。
科技英语考试资料
A(13)1.Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。
2.An understanding of essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。
3.As we know, all matters consist of molecules, and molecules of atoms.众所周知，一切物质由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。
4.All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of proteins.所有这一切证明，我们必须深入地研究蛋白质特性。
5.A new kind of computer –small, cheap, fine—is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的计算机越来越引起人们的注意——这种计算机体积小巧，价格低廉，性能优越。
6.A computer system consists of a computer and some peripherals.计算机系统是由计算机和一些外部设备构成的。
7.Adverse to iron，mercury is in a liquid state at ordinary temperature.水银与铁不同，在常温下是液态。
8.AC can be changed into DC with great ease.交流电可以极其容易地被转变成直流电。
9.Animals, although they need some inorganic food, cannot live on it alone.尽管动物需要无机物的营养，但是却不能单独以此维持生命。
科技英语复习资料
科技英语复习资料太原理工大学复习资料（你懂的）（本版原题不多）一：下面这些论文标题是否合适？如果不合适，请修改：1、Study on Emission of Glasshouse Gases during Coking Process（合适）2、Methods for preparing and monitoring of heavy media in coal beneficiation（合适）3、Experimental mine and laboratory dust explosion research at NIOSH（合适）4、Bioclogging effects in anturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems are compared（错误）（改为comparison of Bioclogging effects in anturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems ）5、Methods for preparing and monitoring of heavy media in coal beneficiation （合适）6、Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans （错误）（Have是动词，改为Harmful Effrcts of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans。
7、A characterisitic floation cleaning index for fine coal is developed（错误）（改为Development of +A characterisitic floation cleaning index for fine coal ）8、Development and prospect of classification technology and equipment（合适）9、Research and Designing of Distance Education based on JEE.（合适）10、Auditory Perspectives(透视) of Different Types of Music （合适）11、Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans改为Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans12、How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid(半干旱) Land 改为Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land13、Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education改为Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education14、The Single Community Concept：A Model for Adult Environmental Education （合适）15、Physics and Art：Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered改为 Physics and Art： Uncovering Conceptual Linkages16、Yellow Fever‘s(黄热病)Effect on Transportation and Commerce（合适）17、Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices 改为Use of Diamond for Electric Devices （合适）18、The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science改为 The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science19、 A Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Cornell University （合适）20、The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ⅲ，Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired(后天的) Immune Deficiency Syndrome(综合症) Populations： A Statistical Analysis改为The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicabilityto the Mentally Ill，HIV and AIDS Populations：A Statistical Analysis 二：文献类型及代码1、专著【M】2、论文集【C】3、期刊文章【J】4、学位论文【D】5、报告【R】6、专利【P】（老师没说）报告一般不会考；连续出版物（期刊），专著，学位论文，会议论文（论文集）必考1、T.Neese,J.Dueck.Air core formation in the hydrocylone Journal of Minerals Engineering ,2007,20:348-354文献类型：【J】连续出版物特点：1.Journal of 。
太原理工大学矿业工程学院科技英语(一)-3翻译公开课课件
三、科技英语翻译的过程
科技英语的翻译过程分为理解、重新表达和核对三个阶段。 理解阶段，作为翻译的第一阶段，主要是领会内容，并力 求抓住原作者所要表达的内容。理解不仅局限于 原文的 语言，更要包括语言之外的一些东西，比如和文章相关的 技术背景知识。在理解正确的基础上，译者需要用清晰明 了的语言把作者的意思转达出来，尤其要注 意汉语与英 语在语言结构方面的差异。第三阶段是核实译文是否准确， 表达是否流畅，是否符合汉语的习惯表达，能否被读者接 受。在翻译的过程中，理解是基础， 表达是关键，核实 是保证，三者缺一不可。
（从反射表面跳回的光波称为反射线。）
Stainless steel,which is very popular for its resistance to rusting ,contains large percentage of chromium.
（具有突出防锈性能的不锈钢含鉻的百分比很高。）
2. 定语从句较长，或者虽然不长，但翻译时放在被 修饰语之前实在不通顺的就后置，作为词组或分句。 这种译法叫做顺序分译法。
上面两种译法，看来也是用顺序分译法比用逆序合译法更为通顺、简明。
3.定语从句较长，与主句关联又不紧密，翻译时就 作为独立句放在主句之后。这种译法仍然是顺序分
译法。
Such a slow compression carries the gas through a series of states, each of which is very nearly an equilibrium state and it is called a quasi-static or a "nearly static" process.
《科技英语》综合复习资料
《科技英语》综合复习资料《科技英语》综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）1. As parts of the world become ______, millions of people will try to migrate to more ______ areas.A. hospitable… uninhabitableB. uninhabitable… hospitableC. habitable… inhospitableD. inhospitable … uninhabitable2. A(n) ______ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running inan election or applying for a job.A. astronomerB. scientistC. candidateD. researcher3. There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliableworldwide coverage.A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses__________ the areas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now.A. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to becomeirritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ______.A. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked __________; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely __________ herself.A. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to __________ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. comeD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would __________ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can __________ a child’s education, especially between the ages of eleven and sixteen.A. upsetB. balanceC. disruptD. disorder12. China’s news media is following world trend by marketization and __________into enterprises.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which ______ ademonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretary’s decision to inv est was a ______ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.B. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the ______ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.A. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ______.A. affectB. effectC. infectD. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ______ isnever considered.A. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. One’s appearance does not always ______ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks.A. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable __________ soas to increase our productivity and relieveour exhaustion.A. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new _________ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lotof attention.A. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly __________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried aboutthe uncertainty of the future.A. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them ______.A. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ______ it will still be quite substantial.A. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case24. Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance –for example when you’re clearing out anold building.A. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa.A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in26. The new ______ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choicesthat students need to master.A. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised27. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its __________.A. habitatsB. inhabitantsC. habitsD. inherits28. Enough lava had __________ from the volcano to bury the entire village.A. disruptedB. splashedC. eruptedD. spilt29. You are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devotedB. entitledC. accessedD. contributed30. Time and time again, women seem to ______ on promotion and career opportunities.A. fall outB. lose outC. wipe outD. put out31. _______ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. SomeoneB. AnyoneC. No oneD. Everyone32. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ______ it means standing in a queue all night.A. as ifB. providedC. even ifD. whatever33. This magazine is very _____ with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. Particular34. _____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having been bittenD. To be bitten35. The morning paper ______a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C..A. carriedB. extendedC. broughtD. tookPart II Identification（判断正误）1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang.2. As a graduate from high school, T om is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army.3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job.4. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you don’t mind taking the night train.5. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow？6. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.7 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with theirheads high than lived with their knees bent.8. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.9. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.10. Over the past 20 years, the internet has helped change our world in either way or anotherfor the better.Part III Word-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take a_____（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a____（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed toa _____(废除) this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality.4. It took the authorities a long time to make ___(identify) of the accident victims.5. Supplies may___(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.6. The ____ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.7. The inflation rate cannot be properly ____(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.8. He is very aggressive, totally ___(dominant) everyone he works with.9. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u___(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.10. He condemned the w___(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译）1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit.2. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past.3. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.4. There has been some concern that the larger denomination notes — a 500 note is worth approximately 315 at the current exchange rate —will be rich pickings for counterfeiters, especially in the early days as people get used to the new currency.5. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities.B. C-E Translation（汉英翻译）1. 请允许我向你的成功表示祝贺。
科技英语复习资料
科技英语复习资料（来源：老师授课用PPT）一．汉译英1.本文介绍了热能制冷技术和燃料电池的工作原理及其特点。
针对燃料电池汽车余热浪费大的特点，提出了利用其余热制冷为燃料电池汽车空调提供冷源的方法，并对其可行性进行了研究。
This paper introduces the work principles and features of fuel cell as well as refrigeration technique driven by heat energy. Considering the present fact that a large amount of heat of fuel cell automobile is wasted, this paper proposes the program of providing the cold source for the automobile air-conditioner with the refrigeration driven by the wasted heat and studies the feasibility of it.2.只有通过对该系统性能的研究，我们才能了解它的优点。
Only through the study of the performance of the system, we can understand its advantages.3.叶片装在铣床上。
Vanes stand on the milling machine.4.十五年前，电子战在朝鲜战争中偶有应用。
Fifteen years ago, electronic warfare saw only sparse service in Korea.5.如果我们测得地震波的走时和振幅，我们就能够确定地下的几何形状并估算与岩石速度和密度有关的声阻抗。
电子信息与通信工程专业英语lesson1(太原理工大学版)
Example： bandwidth(频带) flip-flop(触发器) diode(二极管) triode(三极管) capacitor(电容)
2019/12/17
《电子信息与通信工程专业英语》
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大量使用半技术词
这类词在科技英语和普通英语中都能见到，在 不同的学科领域含义有所不同。
2019/12/17
《电子信息与通信工程专业英语》
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组合词和派生词多
组合词：两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词，包括 有连字符和无连字符两种方式，如 feedback 反馈 (vt.+adv.) zero-input response 零输入响应 copper end rings 铜端环 (n.+n.) alternating current 交流电 (ing 分词+n.) printed circuit 印刷电路 (ed分词+n.) forward-bias 正向偏置 (adj.+n.) 组合词的组成方法有：名词+名词，形容词+名词， 动词+副词，名词+动词，介词+名词，形容词+动词等。
《电子信息与通信工程专业英语》
4
多使用现在时和被动语态
由于在科技文体中描述的都是一般的客观真理、事物、 过程和现象等，即主语多为非人称的。使用现在时和 被动语态，在一定程度上提高了科技文献的客观性。
Example 1
The signal levels inside power amplifiers are so much larger than these weak inputs that even the slightest “leakage” from the output back to the input may cause problem.
太原理工大学矿业工程学院科技英语(一)-2常用概念汇总
Modern boiler which employs solid
fuels are usually too large to be hand
sHale Waihona Puke ocked.使用固体燃料的新式锅炉
通常太大，不适宜用人工添煤。
15
Exploit “开发”、“利用”、 “发挥”、“剥削”，多用于自然 ex资plo源it，a如mine 开矿
The gas contains about 5% of carbon monoxide.
The tank contains 100 gallons of oil. The alloy contains 5% nickel and 5% iron.
3
Consist of
• Consist of “由……组成”、“由……构 成”，可翻译成“有”。它有“某个整体 是由其各个部件组成”的含义，只能用于 主动语态。
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2.3 “比较”的译法
1、表示“…..得多” 的句型 一些程度副词 + 比较级
常见的程度副词有：
much★, very much, far, by far, well, greatly,
a lot, a great deal, considerably, appreciably, significantly, substantially, incredibly, enormously, immeasurably
exploit the full power of the engine开足马力
It will be difficult to exploit this invention commercially.
The government decided to exploit the rich natural resources in the north-west of our country.
太原理工大学科技英语(一)全部复习资料(1)
一．英汉互译1.Friction（摩擦）will causethe bearingsto become heated摩擦会使轴承变热2.Eachatom normally has the same number of electrons revolving about the nuclear asit has protons.通常每个原子内绕原子核旋转的电子数和原子核内的质子数相同3.In a solid or liquid,the molecules are much closer together,resulting in much more material in a given volume.在液体和固体中，分子结合得紧密得多，导致在一定体积内的物质也多得多4.The determination of what element or elements are present in a substance is called qualitative analysis.测定物质中存在哪种或哪几种元素叫做定性分析5.Thesteel should not contain more than0.5%of carbon钢中的含碳量不应超过0.5%6.Sounddoes not travel asfast aslight声音不如光传播的快7.Theinstallation of the new equipment is the responsibility of the manufacturers.厂家负责安装这种新机器二．填空题1.From the results of the measurements it can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venusis too hot for life asknown on earth.从观测结果可以得出结论：金星表面的温度对地球上已知的生物来说太高。
(完整word版)专业英语考试题(太原理工)
1. Which of the following is not a required part of an information system?A. PeopleB. ProceduresC. InternetD. Data2. The physical equipment that processes data in order to create information is called theA. typologyB. compilerC. hardwareD. software3. The word "software" is interchangeable with the wordA. procedureB. applicationC. programD. computer4. What are the two major software types?A. System analysis software and data warehousing softwareB. Operating system software and utilities softwareC. System software and application softwareD. Database management software and application software5. Which of the following is a collection of programs rather than a single program?A. ProceduresB. System softwareC. HardwareD. Application software6. "Background" software that allows the computers to work is calledA. shareware.B. application software.C. desktop.D. system software.7. Identify the program that coordinates computer resources, provides an interface between users and the computer, and runs applications.A. Systems softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. Device driver8. Disk Defragmenter eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations. This is an example of which type of program?A. System softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. Utilities9. System software includes all of the following exceptA. operating systems.B. device drivers.C. utilities.D. browser.10. Which of the following is most likely to be used to monitor manufacturing processes and assembly-line operations?A. MinicomputersB. Mainframe computersC. SupercomputersD. Microcomputers11. Desktop, media center, notebook, netbook, tablet PC, and handheld computers are classified asA. mainframe computers.B. supercomputers.C. minicomputers.D. microcomputers.12. The most widely used handheld computers areA. laptop computers.B. PDAs and smartphones.C. notebooks and netbooks.D. tablet PCs.13. A specific type of notebook computer that accepts handwriting is called aA. laptop computerB. netbookC. subnotebookD. tablet PC14. This computer component holds data that is currently being processed.A. RAMB. ROMC. BusD. Ports15. Which of the following will not retain data after the computer is turned off?A. DVDB. RAMC. ROMD. Hard drive16. Identify the four basic categories of hardware in a microcomputer system.A. Hard disk, input/output, secondary storage, and display devices.B. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and primary storage.C. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication.D. System unit, modem, RAM, and microprocessor.17. The most common output devices areA. monitors and printers.B. DVD drives and monitors.C. speakers and printers.D. printers and DVD drives.18. Which one of the following is not considered a form of secondary storage?A. Solid-state storageB. Optical diskC. RAMD. Hard disk19. Flash memory cards are a type of what kind of secondary storage?A. Optical disksB. Hard drivesC. High-definition disksD. Solid-state storage20. The most widely used communication device isA. a personal computer.B. the Internet.C. a telephone line.D. a modem.21. Which of the following is not an example of a document file?A. SpreadsheetB. MemoC. LetterD. Term paper22. A financial budget would typically be what type of data file?A. A databaseB. A worksheetC. A presentationD. A document23. Employee records, including names, social security numbers, and related information, would typically be what type of data files?A. Document filesB. Presentation filesC. Database filesD. Worksheet files24. The capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers is referred to asA. the wireless revolution.B. system memory.C. computer competency.D. connectivity.25. The Internet is the largest _____ in the world.A. networkB. system unitC. database programD. operating systemTrue / False Questions26. The five parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.True False27. The purpose of software is to convert data into information.True False28. Software is another name for a program or programs.True False29. To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).True False30. Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.True False31. System software is a collection of programs.True False32. Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that is commonly used to format secondary devices. True False33. System software might be described as end user software.True False34. A browser is an example of a specialized application.True False35. Another name for a minicomputer is midrange computer.True False36. Insurance companies are most likely to use midrange computers to process information about millions of policyholders.True False37. Media centers combine the functionality of a desktop computer with an entertainment center.True False38. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor and the hard disk. True False39. A system unit consists of the keyboard and the monitor.True False40. RAM will retain data when the computer is turned off.True False41. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.True False42. Secondary storage will retain data when the computer is turned off.True False43. Solid-state storage uses rigid metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.True False44. The four common types of files are document files, worksheet files, database files, and presentation files.True False45. Highly structured and organized data is stored in database files.True FalseFill in the Blank Questions46. Computer _____ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.________________________________________47. The rules to follow when using software, hardware, and data are called _____.________________________________________48. _____ is the equipment that processes data to create information.________________________________________49. Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called _____.________________________________________50. _____ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.________________________________________51. _____ are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.________________________________________52. Application software can be categorized as either basic applications or _____ applications.________________________________________53. The basic application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is calleda _____.________________________________________54. _____ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.________________________________________55. The six types of microcomputers are: _____ computers, media centers, notebooks, netbooks, tablet PCs, and handheld computers.________________________________________56. _____ computers are the smallest type of microcomputer and are designed to fit into the palm of one hand.________________________________________57. The _____ is the container that houses most of the electronic components of a computer system.________________________________________58. _____storage devices do not lose data or programs after the electrical power is turned off.________________________________________59. _____are rigid metallic platters used to store programs and very large data files.________________________________________60. _____ are secondary storage devices that have the greatest capacity.________________________________________61. A _____ file might contain audience handouts and speaker notes in addition to electronic slides.________________________________________62. Increased use of mobile devices has been termed the _____ revolution.________________________________________63. A _____ is a communications system connecting two or more computers.________________________________________64. The _____provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.________________________________________65. The largest network in the world is the _____.________________________________________Essay Questions66. Describe all the parts of an information system.67. Where would it be most relevant to use the term "data" and the term "information"? Give an example of each.68. What is an operating system? Give two examples.69. What is application software? Describe the two categories of the application software.70. What are the differences between a supercomputer and a mainframe computer?71. Describe the differences between minicomputers and microcomputers.72. Describe the different types of microcomputers with relevant examples.73. Explain what a system unit is.74. What is secondary storage? What is the difference between hard disks and solid-state storage?75. Describe the four types of files.Multiple Choice Questions1. (p. 4) Which of the following is not a required part of an information system?A. PeopleB. ProceduresC. InternetD. DataAn information system has five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. Difficulty: Easy2. (p. 6) The physical equipment that processes data in order to create information is called theA. typologyB. compilerC. hardwareD. softwareThe equipment that processes the data to create information is called hardware. Difficulty: Easy3. (p. 8) The word "software" is interchangeable with the wordA. procedureB. applicationC. programD. computerThe words software and programs are interchangeable.Difficulty: Easy4. (p. 8) What are the two major software types?A. System analysis software and data warehousing softwareB. Operating system software and utilities softwareC. System software and application softwareD. Database management software and application softwareThere are two major kinds of software: system software and application software.Difficulty: Easy5. (p. 9) Which of the following is a collection of programs rather than a single program?A. ProceduresB. System softwareC. HardwareD. Application softwareSystem software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection of programs, including operating systems, utilities, and device drivers.Difficulty: Easy6. (p. 9) "Background" software that allows the computers to work is calledA. shareware.B. application software.C. desktop.D. system software.System software is "background" software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources.Difficulty: Medium7. (p. 9) Identify the program that coordinates computer resources, provides an interface between users and the computer, and runs applications.A. Systems softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. Device driverOperating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.Difficulty: Easy8. (p. 9) Disk Defragmenter eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files andunused disk space to optimize computer operations. This is an example of which type of program?A. System softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. UtilitiesUtilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.Difficulty: Hard9. (p. 9) System software includes all of the following exceptA. operating systems.B. device drivers.C. utilities.D. browser.A browser is used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. It is an example of application software, not system software.Difficulty: Medium10. (p. 11) Which of the following is most likely to be used to monitor manufacturing processes and assembly-line operations?A. MinicomputersB. Mainframe computersC. SupercomputersD. MicrocomputersMinicomputers are refrigerator-sized machines often used in medium-sized companies or departments of large companies for specific purposes, such as monitoring manufacturing processes and assembly-line operations.Difficulty: Medium11. (p. 11) Desktop, media center, notebook, netbook, tablet PC, and handheld computers are classified asA. mainframe computers.B. supercomputers.C. minicomputers.D. microcomputers.These computers are classified as microcomputers.Difficulty: Easy12. (p. 11) The most widely used handheld computers areA. laptop computers.B. PDAs and smartphones.C. notebooks and netbooks.D. tablet PCs.PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) and smartphones are the most widely used handheld computers.Difficulty: Easy13. (p. 11) A specific type of notebook computer that accepts handwriting is called aA. laptop computerB. netbookC. subnotebookD. tablet PCA tablet PC is a type of notebook that accepts handwriting, converting the input to standard text that can be used by programs such as word processors.Difficulty: Easy14. (p. 12) This computer component holds data that is currently being processed.A. RAMB. ROMC. BusD. PortsRAM holds the program and data that is currently being processed.Difficulty: Medium15. (p. 12) Which of the following will not retain data after the computer is turned off?A. DVDB. RAMC. ROMD. Hard driveRAM is referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted.Difficulty: Easy16. (p. 12) Identify the four basic categories of hardware in a microcomputer system.A. Hard disk, input/output, secondary storage, and display devices.B. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and primary storage.C. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication.D. System unit, modem, RAM, and microprocessor.Hardware for a microcomputer system consists of a variety of different devices. This physical equipment falls into four basic categories: system unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication.Difficulty: Medium17. (p. 12) The most common output devices areA. monitors and printers.B. DVD drives and monitors.C. speakers and printers.D. printers and DVD drives.Monitors and printers are the most common output devices.Difficulty: Easy18. (p. 12) Which one of the following is not considered a form of secondary storage?A. Solid-state storageB. Optical diskC. RAMD. Hard diskThe most important kinds of secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disks. RAM is primary, not secondary, storage.Difficulty: Easy19. (p. 13) Flash memory cards are a type of what kind of secondary storage?A. Optical disksB. Hard drivesC. High-definition disksD. Solid-state storageThe three types of solid-state storage are solid-state drives, flash memory cards, and USB drives.Difficulty: Medium20. (p. 14) The most widely used communication device isA. a personal computer.B. the Internet.C. a telephone line.D. a modem.A modem is the most widely used communication device. A modem modifies telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computer.Difficulty: Medium21. (p. 15) Which of the following is not an example of a document file?A. SpreadsheetB. MemoC. LetterD. Term paperSpreadsheets are classified as worksheet files.Difficulty: Easy22. (p. 15) A financial budget would typically be what type of data file?A. A databaseB. A worksheetC. A presentationD. A documentWorksheets are used to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales.Difficulty: Hard23. (p. 15) Employee records, including names, social security numbers, and related information, would typically be what type of data files?A. Document filesB. Presentation filesC. Database filesD. Worksheet filesDatabase files contain highly structured and organized data storing records of related information.Difficulty: Medium24. (p. 15) The capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers is referred to asA. the wireless revolution.B. system memory.C. computer competency.D. connectivity.Connectivity is the capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers.Difficulty: Medium25. (p. 16) The Internet is the largest _____ in the world.A. networkB. system unitC. database programD. operating systemThe largest network in the world is the Internet. It is like a giant highway that connects you to millions of other people and organizations located throughout the world.Difficulty: MediumTrue / False Questions26. (p. 5) The five parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.TRUEThe five parts of an information system are people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.Difficulty: Medium27. (p. 6) The purpose of software is to convert data into information.TRUEThe purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).28. (p. 6) Software is another name for a program or programs.TRUESoftware is another name for a program or programs.Difficulty: Easy29. (p. 6) To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).TRUEIn microcomputer systems, end users must understand the essentials of IT, including software, hardware, and data.Difficulty: Easy30. (p. 9) Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.FALSESystem software, not application software, helps the computer manage its own internal resources.Difficulty: Medium31. (p. 9) System software is a collection of programs.TRUESystem software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection of programs including the operating system, utilities, and device drivers.Difficulty: Medium32. (p. 9) Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that is commonly used to format secondary devices.FALSEDisk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that is used to locate and eliminate unnecessary file fragments and rearrange files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations.33. (p. 9) System software might be described as end user software.FALSEApplication software, not system software, may be described as end user software.Difficulty: Hard34. (p. 9) A browser is an example of a specialized application.FALSEA browser is an example of a basic application.Difficulty: Easy35. (p. 10) Another name for a minicomputer is midrange computer.TRUEMinicomputers are also known as midrange computers.Difficulty: Easy36. (p. 10) Insurance companies are most likely to use midrange computers to process information about millions of policyholders.FALSEInsurance companies use mainframe computers for this purpose.Difficulty: Medium37. (p. 11) Media centers combine the functionality of a desktop computer with an entertainment center.TRUEMedia centers blur the line between desktop computers and dedicated entertainment devices. Difficulty: Medium38. (p. 12) Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor and the hard disk.FALSEThe primary components of the system unit are the microprocessor and memory.Difficulty: Medium39. (p. 12) A system unit consists of the keyboard and the monitor.FALSEThe system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.Difficulty: Easy40. (p. 12) RAM will retain data when the computer is turned off.FALSERAM is sometimes referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted.Difficulty: Medium41. (p. 12) The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.TRUEThe two most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.Difficulty: Easy42. (p. 12) Secondary storage will retain data when the computer is turned off.TRUESecondary storage does not lose data and programs when electrical power to the computer is disrupted.Difficulty: Medium43. (p. 13) Solid-state storage uses rigid metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.FALSESolid-state storage does not have any moving parts. Hard disks use metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.Difficulty: Hard44. (p. 15) The four common types of files are document files, worksheet files, database files, and presentation files.TRUEThe four types of files include document files, worksheet files, database files, and presentation files.Difficulty: Medium45. (p. 15) Highly structured and organized data is stored in database files.TRUEDatabase management programs contain highly structured and organized data.Difficulty: MediumFill in the Blank Questions46. (p. 4) Computer _____ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.competencyComputer competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills, and is an indispensable tool for today.Difficulty: Medium47. (p. 5) The rules to follow when using software, hardware, and data are called _____. proceduresThe rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data are procedures.Difficulty: Hard48. (p. 6) _____ is the equipment that processes data to create information.HardwareHardware is the equipment that processes data to create information.Difficulty: Medium49. (p. 6) Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called _____. dataSoftware processes data (raw, unprocessed facts) to yield information (processed facts).Difficulty: Hard50. (p. 8) _____ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.System softwareSystem software includes operating systems, utilities, and device drivers to help the computer manage internal resources and enable application software to interact with computer hardware.Difficulty: Medium51. (p. 9) _____ are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.Device driversDevice drivers are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.Difficulty: Hard52. (p. 9) Application software can be categorized as either basic applications or _____ applications.specializedBasic applications include applications that you have to know to be considered computer competent. Specialized applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.Difficulty: Easy53. (p. 9) The basic application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is called a _____.browserOne of the basic application software used is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. Internet Explorer is one of the most widely used browsers.Difficulty: Easy54. (p. 10) _____ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.MainframeAlthough Mainframes are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, they are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.Difficulty: Medium55. (p. 11) The six types of microcomputers are: _____ computers, media centers, notebooks, netbooks, tablet PCs, and handheld computers.desktopDesktop computers are small enough to fit on top of a desk, yet are too big to carry around.Difficulty: Medium56. (p. 11) _____ computers are the smallest type of microcomputer and are designed to fit into the palm of one hand.HandheldPersonal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones are the most widely used handheld computers.Difficulty: Easy57. (p. 12) The _____ is the container that houses most of the electronic components of a computer system.system unitThe system unit is the container that houses most of the electronic components of a computer system.Difficulty: Medium58. (p. 12) _____storage devices do not lose data or programs after the electrical power is turned off.SecondarySecondary storage holds data and programs even after electrical power to the computer system has been turned off.Difficulty: Easy59. (p. 13) _____are rigid metallic platters used to store programs and very large data files.Hard disksHard disks are used to store programs and large data files.Difficulty: Easy60. (p. 13) _____ are secondary storage devices that have the greatest capacity.Optical discsOptical discs have the greatest capacity.Difficulty: Hard61. (p. 15) A _____ file might contain audience handouts and speaker notes in addition to electronic slides.presentationPresentation files might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.Difficulty: Easy62. (p. 15) Increased use of mobile devices has been termed the _____ revolution.wirelessThe widespread use of mobile or wireless communication devices has been the biggest change in connectivity. Experts predict that these wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution.Difficulty: Medium63. (p. 16) A _____ is a communications system connecting two or more computers.networkCentral to the concept of connectivity is the network. A network is a communications system connecting two or more computers.Difficulty: Easy64. (p. 16) The _____provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.WebThe Web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.Difficulty: Medium65. (p. 16) The largest network in the world is the _____.InternetThe largest network in the world is the Internet.Difficulty: EasyEssay Questions66. (p. 5, 6) Describe all the parts of an information system.An information system typically consists of five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. Information systems are used by people in order to increase productivity. Procedures are rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Software is a program that contains the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Hardware consists of the physical equipment that processes the data to create information. Data consists of raw unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.Difficulty: Medium67. (p. 6) Where would it be most relevant to use the term "data" and the term "information"? Give an example of each.Data are unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images and sound. An example might be a listing of all customer purchases at a bookstore over the last year. Information is processed data that has been rendered usable with the help of various types of software. From the previous example, you could derive information such as the addresses of customers who bought more than $500 worth of books or the year's top ten horror novels.Difficulty: Medium68. (p. 8, 9) What is an operating system? Give two examples.。
科技英语复习资料
9 – 2 = 7 Nine minus two equals seven 30 ÷ 2 = 15 Thirty divided by two is fifteen 32three squared √7 the square root of sevenx prime Aa plusb minusc multiplied by d, all divided by eequals f|a| the absolute value of a A algebra 代数学 asynchronous 异步的 asynchronous adj.不同时的,[电]异步的 Analytic geometry 解析几何 ～ communication 通信 ～ generator 异步发电机 asynchrony n.不同时性,[电]异步(性) asynchronism n.不同时性,[电]异步(性) Addend 加数atomic 原子的acoustics 声学Analog electronics 模拟电子技术anti-clockwise 逆时针方向analog integrated circuit 模拟集成电路amplifier circuit 放大器Bbinary 二进制base (B) 基极bipolar transistors 双极型晶体管base current 基极电流bandwidth 带宽Ccombinational logic circuits 组合逻辑电路counter 计数器civil 民用的configuration 结构，配置～ rights 民事权利～ law 民法civilian n.平民, 公务员adj.民用的～ use 民用civilization n.文明, 文化, 文明社会collector (C) 集电极Convention 协议，契约configuration 配置Charge 电荷chip holder 芯片插座Cube 立方Ddigital logic circuit 数字逻辑电路digital electronics 数字电子技术decimal 十进制decoder 译码器data selector 数据选择器digital integrated circuit 数字集成电路DC circuit 直流电路decryption 解密技术 drain(d) 漏极 dynamics 动力学 Divided 除Dividend 被除数 Divisor 除数 data transfer rate 数据传输速率 Differential equation 微分方程 E encoder 编码器 enhancement MOS transistors 增强型MOS 管 exhausted MOS transistors 耗尽型MOS 管 emitter (E) 发射极 electromagnetism 电磁学 electricity 电学 energy 能量 encryption[in‘krip∫ən] 加密技术F flip-flop 触发器 Force 力 Frontier 尖端, 新领域 Fundamental 基本的 fraction 分数G grid(g) 栅极 gateway 网关 Geometry theorem 几何定理H hexadecimal 十六进制 Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议 Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言 highway system 公路系统 heat sink 散热片 Higher Algebra 高等代数I Infrastructure 基础[设施] infrared [‘infrə’red] 红外线(的) Integral 积分 In-proper fraction 假分数 implicit adj. 暗示的,盲从的 [计算机] 隐式 L LAN 局域网 link 链接 line 线 line segment 线段 Logical reasoning 逻辑推理 Mmilitary 军用的matter 物质，事物Minus 减Minuend 被减数Multiplied 乘法Multiplicand 被乘数Multiplier 乘数()a b c d e f+-⨯÷='xMathematics 数学MOS(Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) 金属氧化物半导体MAN 城域网mechanics 力学，机械学magnetism 磁学Mass 质量Mixed fraction 带分数Maze 曲径, 迷宫Multiplication 乘Nnumeric comparator 数值比较器notch 凹槽Newton’s theory of mechanics 牛顿的力学理论nuclear 核子的Ooctal 八进制overlapping 重叠，交叉Operation 运算符open up vi. 打开(开发,展现,开始,揭露)optics 光学Pparity checker 奇偶校验器positive edge 上升沿Plus 加Prime 上标P channel P沟道pin 引脚predict 预言protocols 协议控制数据交换的一套规则packet switching 包交换Proportion 比例Proper fraction 真分数particle 粒子Physical laws 物理定律Rregister 寄存器Radical 开方号Radicand 被开方数ray 射线relativity 相对论Router 路由器Ssequential logic circuit 时序逻辑电路simultaneous 同步的synchrony n.[物]同步(性)synchronize v. 同步synchronized adj.同步的synchronization n. 同一时刻，同步synchronous adj.同时的, [物]同步的～communication 同步通信～generator 同步发电机simultaneous adj.同时的，同时发生的simultaneity n.同时发生, 同时Summand 被加数Subtrahend 减数Square 平方Sub 下标semiconductor material 半导体材料saturated 饱和的solder 焊接screwdriver 螺丝起子source(s) 源极straight line 直线Set 集合solid 固体statics 静力学Span n 跨度，v贯穿Square 平方、正方形square root 平方根Subtraction 减Ttrigger 触发topology 拓扑学，拓扑结构thermodynamics 热力transistor 三极管Telnet 远程登录（协议）The established law 建立法The law of conservation of energy 节约能源法transistor effect 晶体管效应Vvariable quantity 变量WW AN 广域网web page 网页W orld Wide W eb 万维网填空●An important part of optics is the study ofoptical in struments such as telescopes andmicroscopes.●Atomic and nuclear physics include the studyof the atom and the nucleus. Particle physicsis the study of the particles that make up thenucleus and other subatomic particles.●Broadband is the network technologies thatgenerally provide data transfer speeds greater than 128K bps.●Ethernet uses _bus topology_.●Gateway is a node that handlescommunication between its LAN and othernetworks.●How do you transfer_ data from a desk topPC to lap top?●HTTP supports the exchange of W orld WideW eb documents.●It is the standard software _configurationfor the PC in computer rooms.●IP is the software that deals with the routingof packets.●In one sense , everything is self-creating.●I spent a very productive hour in the library.●The study of the connections betweenelectricity and magnetism is calledelectromagnetism.●Mechanics is the study of material bodies andthe forces that act on them. It is divided intotwo main branches: statics and dynamics.●Star topology is a _LAN_ configuration.●This complexity gave rise to automatednetwork interact management systems thatinteract with network elements to gain data.●This software will be able to bring Officeintegration and _compatibility_ solutions tothe mobile and embedded user.●The new trade agreement should facilitatemore rapid economic growth.●TCP/IP refers to a suite of _protocols_ andutility programs that support low-levelnetwork communication.●TCP has more reliability than UDP.●Telnet_ can log into a remote computersystem.●Then they propose a law that explain the results of these experiments. the proposed law can be used to predict other effects.●These effects must also be tested by experiment. if they fit the proposed law, then the law becomes established。
科英复习资料
1. 自动化按其确切的意义，只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分（“三C" ) 才能完全实现。
2. 就高炉来说，需要给计算机提供装人高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的信息。
3. 钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业，需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息，并迅速地做出判定选择/决策，以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。
4. 信息数据和计算机据此所进行的运算，也总是往上面送到称为总管理计算机的机构/系统中去（或许我应该说，为了防止误解，总管理计算机就是对管理人员起辅助作用的计算机），帮助他们决定在例行工作中或组织机构中进行什么样的变化（如果有的话），以便更有效地管理各个部门，使之与总的经营政策协调一致。
5. 一个受欢迎的结果将可能是使委员会会议和大会讨论更加简洁和条理清晰，更加实事求是和有效率，而且，在许多情况下，完全不需要开会。
Unit 21.尼桑推出了一种新产品—城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车NuVu ------预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车上。
2.尼桑表示，如果个人的流动性水平维持不变的话，正在进行的城市化将推进对城市中驾驶的各类汽车进行彻底的重新思考。
3. Nuvu最重要的方面是其内部设计，聪明的整体设计提供了极大的舒适和空间。
4.两个踏板，用于停车和前进。
还有数字仪表盘来显示速度、行驶距离和电池容量。
5.凭借其轻巧的结构，Pixo在NEDC(新欧洲循环驾驶 )试验中产生的二氧化碳排放量低至103克/公里，燃料消耗量为4.6升 /100公里。
Unit 31. 除非能以较低的价格提供、更好的质量以及更短的交货时间提供/推出新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。
2. 设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形/制图来表现。
3. 例如：尺寸缩小,表示一张薄的材料可由具有厚度属性的等效曲面来代表，或一个细长区域可由具有截面特性的线段来表示。
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一．英汉互译1.Friction（摩擦）will cause the bearings to become heated摩擦会使轴承变热2.Each atom normally has the same number of electrons revolving about the nuclear as it has protons.通常每个原子内绕原子核旋转的电子数和原子核内的质子数相同3.In a solid or liquid, the molecules are much closer together, resulting in much more material in a given volume.在液体和固体中，分子结合得紧密得多，导致在一定体积内的物质也多得多4.The determination of what element or elements are present in a substance is called qualitative analysis .测定物质中存在哪种或哪几种元素叫做定性分析5.The steel should not contain more than 0.5% of carbon钢中的含碳量不应超过0.5%6.Sound does not travel as fast as light声音不如光传播的快7.The installation of the new equipment is the responsibility of the manufacturers. 厂家负责安装这种新机器二．填空题1.From the results of the measurements it can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venus is too hot for life as known on earth.从观测结果可以得出结论：金星表面的温度对地球上已知的生物来说太高。
2.It is generally accepted that irradiation is destructive to human tissues.一般认为，辐射对人体组织有害3.Insufficient air will prevent complete combustion whereas/while too much air will reduce the temperature.空气不足会阻碍充分燃烧，然而太多的空气又会降低温度4.Results show that there was no significant change in weight during the period of study结果表明试验期间重量没有显著变化5.The distance between two stars is measured in light -year星球之间的距离是用光年计算的6.The type of pump used will vary according to what type of liquid is being pumped 根据所泵的是什么液体，泵的类型也不同7.A pressure of 100 b/in2 is applied to the piston在活塞上加了一个100磅/平方英寸的压力8.Just as planets move round the sun,so electrons move round the nucleus正如行星环绕太阳运转那样，电子环绕核子运转9.The alloy contains 5% nickle and 5% iron这种合金里有5%的镍和5%的铁10.With all his achievements he remains modest and prudent他虽有很多成就，但还是谦虚谨慎11.Carbon is an element with an atomic weight of 12.01碳的原子质量是12.0112.The steel plate is 6 square meters in area那块钢板的面积为6平方米13.As Fig.1shows, the population has increased by 20% since last year如图所示，自去年来人口增加了20%14.Such high--speed aircraft travels at 700 m.p.h.这种高速喷气式飞机的速度为700英里/小时15.How much the new machinery has been installed?有多少新机器已经安装16.It is unknown/doubtful how accurate these results are人们还不知道这些结果究竟有多么准确17.From the fossil embed in it, we can reduce?the age of a rock.从嵌入它的化石，我们可以归纳出一个岩石的年龄18.The reading of the temperature was 96 degree气温的读数是96度19.The computer are large and heavy therefore they will soon be obsolete这些电脑很笨重，因此它们很快会被淘汰。
20.The magnetic flux is carried through iron rather like copper--conducting electricity 就像铜导电似的，铁能传导磁流21.Blood cells are of two kinds,white blood cell(WBC) and red blood cell(RBC)血细胞可以分为两种，白细胞和红细胞。
22.Steel is much more expensive than cast--iron钢比铸铁要贵得多23.Research is going on as to how the industrial pollution can be controlled关于如何控制工业污染的研究正在进行。
24.It is necessary to determine whether those results are correct有必要确定一下这些实验结果是否准确。
25.The progress of the project will depend on what the weather conditions are like工程的进展取决于天气情况如何26.The carbon content in a steel can be determined by chemical analysis化学分析可以确定钢中的含碳量27.These materials may be classified as conductors这些材料可以归在导体类28.This makes the research more difficult这使得实验变得更加困难。
三．用括号中单词的适当形式或词组填空1.Since 1976, this research center has undergone radical changes (undergo)自从1976年以来，这个研究中心经历了巨大的变化。
2.Books can be divided into several classes (divide)书籍可以被分为很多种3.A knife is a tool used for cutting (use)刀是一种用来切割的工具。
4.Considerable lateral pressure is exerted by the concrete during compaction(compact)在紧压的过程中，混凝土会产生相当大的侧压力。
5.Transformers are widely used in the transmission of electrical power (transmit)送电时广泛用于传输电力6.Metals fall into two main categories, ferrous (based on iron) and non-ferrous. (fall) 五金主要分为两大类，有铁的（以铁为基础）和无铁的。
7.The cold weather contracts with last week’s heat (contract)很冷的天气结束了上一周的高温。
contracts with意思为合同.contract有缩短之意8.Discharge of the contents of tank is performed by a pump (discharge)用泵能抽去油箱中的油9.In the view of the fact that the bearing is worn, it must be replaced with a new one(view)由于轴承磨损了，必须更换10.This machine is identical with the other one in design (identical)这台机器与另一台机器在设计上相同11.The machine is composed of several different parts (compose)机器是由许多不同部件组成的12.Experimental results obtained in the laboratory are compared with the theoreticalcalculations. (compare)从实验室求得的实验结果与理论计算结果相比较。
13.The wire is two meters in length (long)那根金属线有两米长14.Short course are arranged which last for five days and comprise demonstration and visit to a hospital (comprise)短期课程安排好了，持续五天，包括演示和访问医院。
15.Good production methods enable the factory to manufacture more cars (manufacture)好的生产方法使工厂生产更多的汽车。