第二课 数词,形容词和副词

比较级和最高级
• 比较级 -er / more + 形容词 最高级 -est / most + 形容词 • 构成法（见59页的表格）
规则变化 不规则变化
形容词比较级的用法
• 用于两者的比较
含有形容词比较级的主句+than引导的从句（从句中常省去意义上和主句相 同的部分） e.g. I am older than you. There are more tables in this classroom than in that one. We are much better off than ever before. The climate of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou. Will the younger people give their seats to old people?
• 表示程度：可用much, far, still, even, a little, no, any, a great deal等修饰比较级 e.g. She learns far better than the others. • “比较级+and+比较级”用来表示“越来越…”(后面不接 than从句） e.g. He is becoming more and more interested in sports. • the more…… the more意思是“越…, 就越…” e.g. The harder you work, the more you will learn. The more, the better. • more than “多于” e.g. There are more than 20 students in this classroom. • less than “少于” e.g. You have to finish your job in less than a hour.
基数词的用法
• 主语
e.g. Two plus three is five. Five times six is thirty.
• 宾语
e.g. Give me three.
• 定语
e.g. There are thirty students in our class. Three are three hundred/thousand/million students in the university. Rice has been cultivated in the East for thousands of years.
副词
• 什么是副词？
修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等，说明时间、地点、 程度、方式等概念
• 副词的构成
1）本身就是副词 2) 形容词 + ly 3) 与形容词同行 now there rather happily early high long
副词
• 副词的种类
1）普通副词 2）疑问副词 3）关系副词 4）连接副词 slowly, carefully how, why, when, where where, when then, however, therefore
• 副词的用法
1）状语（主要功用） e.g. Don’t drive too fast. He speaks English quite well. 2) 表语 e.g. She is out. 3) 定语 e.g. Life here is full of joy.
副词的比较等级
• 与形容词同行的副词，比较等级的变化与形容词一致 • 以词尾-ly结尾的副词须用more和most. （注意：early earlier earliest） e.g. more quickly / most quickly 副词比较等级的用法 1）副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级相似 e.g. She plays tennis better than I. 2) 副词最高级用法，除副词前可以不用the外，其余与形容 词最高级相同 e.g. I work fastest when I am under pressure.
时刻表示法
• 前用介词at e.g. We usually get up at seven (at seven o’clock). • 表示“几点几分” 1）分数在半小时以内（包括半小时），用介词past 6点过10分 ten past six 7点过一刻 a quarter past seven 九点半 half past nine 2) 分数须在半小时以上（不包括半小时） 6点差10分 ten to six 7点差一刻 a quarter to seven 9:40 nine forty 11:40 eleven forty
形容词最高级的用法
• 用于两者以上的比较
the + 最高级 + 名词 + 表示范围的短语或从句 e.g. Peter is the tallest boy in the whole class. London is the biggest city in Britain. This is the best film that I have ever seen. This book is the best that I have ever read. He is happiest when he is working.(用作表语表品质 时，可以不用the)
thirty-first (31st) forty-fifth(45th)
序数词的用法
• 主语 e.g. The first is better than the second. • 宾语 e.g. He was among the first to arrive. • 定语 e.g. His father died in the Second War. • 表语 e.g. Jack is always the first to get to the office in the morning. (注：序数词前面常用定冠词the）
• 月份 首字母大写，前用in
in January Jan. in February Feb. in March Mar. in April Apr.
年、月、日表示法
• 日期(用序数词表示（前面须用the），前用on)
on the first on the eighteenth
• 某年某月某日
in September 1954: in September nineteenth fifty four on May 17, 1960 : on May (the) seventeenth, nineteen sixty
• 表语
e.g. She was just sixteen when she went to the university.
序数词
• • • • • • • • • • First (1st) Second (2nd) Third (3rd ) Fourth(4th) Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth tenth 第三十一 第四十五 eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth thirtieth fortieth
no more than 和 not more than
只不过 不多于 e.g. There are no more than ten tickets left. The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons.
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
twenty-one thirty-four
100以上的基数词
• • • • • 100 hundred 1,000 thousand 1,000,000 million 100,000,000 hundred million 1,000,000,000 billion 百 千 百万 一亿 十亿
分数和小数
• 分数分子为基数词，分母为序数词并有复数
½ one half ; 1/3 one third; 2/3 two thirds ¼ one-fourth或one quarter; ¾ three fourths 或three quarters ; 23/5 two and three-fifths
十位数与百位数之间有and e.g. 623 six hundred and twenty-three 1294 one thousand two hundred and ninety-four 8,600,540 eight million six hundred thousand five hundred and forty
比较等级的一些特殊用法
as…as(相等); not so…as或not as…as(不相等)
e.g. You know as well as I do. Bill is as tall as I. German is as difficult a language as English. Tian An Men Square was not so big as it is now. 用twice，three times等加as…as表示“几倍于” twice three times as…as e.g. New York is ten times as big as my hometown. This river is four times as long as that one. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 其他说法： This river is four times longer than that one. This river is four times the length of that one.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
a large wild plant a simple musical instrument a small fierce dark brown animal
如果形容词之间是并列关系，形容词之间须 用逗号或and
a strong, swift horse many happy and healthy children a short and militant article
Numeral 数词
基数词 Cardinal numeral （多少） 序数词 Ordinal numeral（第几）
100以下的基数词
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
Chapter Six 形容词和副词
形容词
• 什么是形容词？
修饰名词表示名词属性的词，常放在所修饰的名词之前
• 形容词的用法
定语、表语、宾语补足语、相当于名词（某些形容 词前用the,如the poor用来指这穷人）
• 形容词的位置
关系最密切的最靠近被修饰的名词，关系较疏远的 离被修饰的名词也较远
• 小数
0.5 1.25 3.458 zero point five one point two five three point four five eight
年、月、日表示法
• 年代前用in
e.g. in 897：in eight hundred and ninety-seven in 1961: in nineteen sixty-one (或 in nineteen hundred and sixtyone)