大学英语3电子教案7
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• n. According to a government estimate, the number of refugees is at least 18 million. 据政府估计，至少有1，800万难民。
• • •
A rough estimate is that vehicles cause about half the smog here. 粗略估计，这里的烟雾大约有一半是由车辆造成的。 estimation n. In my estimation, he has been a great mayor.在我看来，他一 直是一位了不起的市长。
Part Two --Translation methods
2.I barreled straight ahead,across the harbour and out over the sea. 我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。 英语中表示知觉，情欲，欲望等心理状态的形 容词，在联系动词后作表语时，往往可译成汉 语动词。如： confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignor ant,afraid,doubtful,glad,sorry,ashamed,thankful,an xious,grateful,able等。
Language Points
• • • • • • • 3. stamp ①vt. & vi. 顿足 He stamped his feet in anger. 他怒气冲冲地跺脚。 ②vt. 贴邮票于; 在…盖章 We are stamping the letter. 我们在给这封信贴邮票。
Language Points
Part Two --Translation methods
直译与意译 直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子 结构，照字面意思翻译。 意译也不是胡译、乱译，而是在不损害原 文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需 要，对原文作相应的调整。
Part Two --Translation methods
词类转译 在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐次对译， 有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方 式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑” 的方法来逐次对译。原文中有些词在译 文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通 顺自然。词类转译的情况归纳起来有以 下四种：
Language Points— Difficult sentences
3．But skunks are very near-sighted and can‟t see more than three feet ahead. • not/no more than表示“至多，仅仅”， 例如： • The house is no more than ten minutes from the beach. 那座房子离海滩至多10分 钟的路程。 • 译文：但是它们却非常近视，根本看不 清前方三英尺的地方。
Language Points— Difficult sentences
5．“People like the idea of getting rid of mosquitoes without using harmful chemicals,” says James. “Now, lots of people are inviting bats into their „bat-chelor pads.‟” “bat-chelor pads”是双关语，因为bachelor pads是美国 俚语“单身汉公寓”，把bachelor拆开，中间加一 个字母t ，变成了bat-chelor，发音并没有改变，意 思多了一层，产生了幽默效果。 译文：“人们喜欢清除蚊子而不用有害化学物质的 主意”，詹姆士说。“现在很多人都愿意蝙蝠入 住他们的‘蝙蝠公寓’” 。
•
–
4. spot
vt. 看出, 认出
• • • • • • • •
I spotted him in the crowd. 我在人群中认出了他。 ②vt. & vi. 弄上污渍 The fabric will spot easily. 这种织品很容易玷污。 ③ n. 地点, 场所 Let's meet at this spot tomorrow. 明天我们就在这个地方见面吧。
Language Points— Difficult sentences
1. If you ask people which animals they hate or fear for the most, chances are that you‟ll hear the following: skunks, bats, snakes, rats and bugs. 此句为条件状语从句。主句为chances are that…, 该结构表示“it is likely that…”，意即“很有 可能发生”。 译文：如果要问人们最讨厌或最害怕何种动物， 很有可能你会听到如下答案： 臭鼬、蝙蝠、 蛇、老鼠和臭虫。
Language Points
• 2. spray vt. 喷 spray sb./sth. with sth. 用… 喷 spray sth. on sb./sth. 将… 喷到 • She was cleaning the porch by spraying it with water. 她在喷水清洁门廊。 • Water sprayed out all over me. • 水喷出来浇了我一身。
Language Points— Difficult sentences
4. The reason is that the last few summers have been unusually warm, with more mosquitoes than usual. • 几种表述原因的方法如下： • Time pressure is a major reason for job-related stress. 时间 压力是与工作有关的焦虑的主要原因。 • The reason that the sports meeting was called off is because of the coming of typhoon.运动会被取消是因为台风就要来 临。 • One reason why students should study a variety of subjects is to become knowledgeable citizens. 学生应该学习各种课程 的一个理由是要使他们成为有知识的公民。 • 译文：原因是过去的几个夏天变得不同寻常的暖和，蚊 子比平常都要多。
Language Points
• • • • 7. estimate ① vt. 估计，估算 The committee did not estimate how much such a program would cost. 委员会没有估算这一计划会花费多少钱。 We estimate that over 75% of our costumers are women. 我们 估计75%以上的顾客都是女性。
Language Points
• 1. awful adj. 糟糕的, 可怕的, 惊人的 • eg. I felt awful about not being able to help. 我帮不上忙，心里很难受。 • It sounds awful, but I just can‟t stand his parents. 这听起来很糟糕，可是我就是受 不了他的父母。
Part Two --Translation methods
一.转译成动词（汉语中动词用的多，在英 语句子中往往只用一个谓语动词，而在 汉语中却可以几个动词或几个动词性结 构连用） Eg. 1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
Language Points— Difficult sentences
2. “Skunks are very fair,” Cheryl explains. “They always warn you before they spray.” • warn表示“警告、告诫”，warn sb. about/of sth, 例如： • She warned me about the broken chair. 她提醒 我要注意那把破椅子。 • You were warned of the risks involved. 已经告 wenku.baidu.com过你可能有的风险了。 • 译文：“臭鼬是很公平的，” 雪丽解释说。 “它们总是在喷射之前警告你。
Language Points
• 5. terrify vt. 使害怕,使恐惧 • Speaking in public terrifies me. 在公开场合讲话 让我感到害怕. • You'll terrify me out of my wits if you behave in this way. 你这样会吓死我的。 • be terrified of 对...感到惊恐 The little child was terrified of being left alone in the big house. 小孩 对独自留在这栋大房子里感到惊恐不已。
Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals --Pesticides are deliberately spread to make the environment toxic to certain plants, insects or rodents, so it shouldn't be surprising that other plants and wildlife are often harmed at the same time. --scientists have found numerous worries with several pesticides which are still legal and commonly used. --many chemical pollutants are toxic to wildlife.
Experiencing English
Integrated Book3
Unit Seven
Part One Text Comprehension
• Background Information
• Main Idea of the Text
• Language Points
Background Information
Language Points
• • • • • • • • 6. block vt. 阻挡，堵塞（道路，管道） The accident has blocked two lanes of traffic on the freeway. 事故造成了高速路上两条车道交通堵塞. The sink is blocked again.水池又堵了. 挡住（某人去路） I tried to get through, but there were too many people blocking my way. 我试图穿过去，可是太多的人挡 住了我的路。 block sth. off 封闭，封锁（道路） Exit 31 is blocked off due to an accident. 由于事故， 31号出口被封闭了。
Main Idea of the Text
As time goes by, some animals are gaining new respect. Through introducing human‟s prespective change toward skunk and bat, the author give readers a reflection about the relationship between animal and human.
• • •
A rough estimate is that vehicles cause about half the smog here. 粗略估计，这里的烟雾大约有一半是由车辆造成的。 estimation n. In my estimation, he has been a great mayor.在我看来，他一 直是一位了不起的市长。
Part Two --Translation methods
2.I barreled straight ahead,across the harbour and out over the sea. 我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。 英语中表示知觉，情欲，欲望等心理状态的形 容词，在联系动词后作表语时，往往可译成汉 语动词。如： confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignor ant,afraid,doubtful,glad,sorry,ashamed,thankful,an xious,grateful,able等。
Language Points
• • • • • • • 3. stamp ①vt. & vi. 顿足 He stamped his feet in anger. 他怒气冲冲地跺脚。 ②vt. 贴邮票于; 在…盖章 We are stamping the letter. 我们在给这封信贴邮票。
Language Points
Part Two --Translation methods
直译与意译 直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子 结构，照字面意思翻译。 意译也不是胡译、乱译，而是在不损害原 文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需 要，对原文作相应的调整。
Part Two --Translation methods
词类转译 在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐次对译， 有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方 式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑” 的方法来逐次对译。原文中有些词在译 文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通 顺自然。词类转译的情况归纳起来有以 下四种：
Language Points— Difficult sentences
3．But skunks are very near-sighted and can‟t see more than three feet ahead. • not/no more than表示“至多，仅仅”， 例如： • The house is no more than ten minutes from the beach. 那座房子离海滩至多10分 钟的路程。 • 译文：但是它们却非常近视，根本看不 清前方三英尺的地方。
Language Points— Difficult sentences
5．“People like the idea of getting rid of mosquitoes without using harmful chemicals,” says James. “Now, lots of people are inviting bats into their „bat-chelor pads.‟” “bat-chelor pads”是双关语，因为bachelor pads是美国 俚语“单身汉公寓”，把bachelor拆开，中间加一 个字母t ，变成了bat-chelor，发音并没有改变，意 思多了一层，产生了幽默效果。 译文：“人们喜欢清除蚊子而不用有害化学物质的 主意”，詹姆士说。“现在很多人都愿意蝙蝠入 住他们的‘蝙蝠公寓’” 。
•
–
4. spot
vt. 看出, 认出
• • • • • • • •
I spotted him in the crowd. 我在人群中认出了他。 ②vt. & vi. 弄上污渍 The fabric will spot easily. 这种织品很容易玷污。 ③ n. 地点, 场所 Let's meet at this spot tomorrow. 明天我们就在这个地方见面吧。
Language Points— Difficult sentences
1. If you ask people which animals they hate or fear for the most, chances are that you‟ll hear the following: skunks, bats, snakes, rats and bugs. 此句为条件状语从句。主句为chances are that…, 该结构表示“it is likely that…”，意即“很有 可能发生”。 译文：如果要问人们最讨厌或最害怕何种动物， 很有可能你会听到如下答案： 臭鼬、蝙蝠、 蛇、老鼠和臭虫。
Language Points
• 2. spray vt. 喷 spray sb./sth. with sth. 用… 喷 spray sth. on sb./sth. 将… 喷到 • She was cleaning the porch by spraying it with water. 她在喷水清洁门廊。 • Water sprayed out all over me. • 水喷出来浇了我一身。
Language Points— Difficult sentences
4. The reason is that the last few summers have been unusually warm, with more mosquitoes than usual. • 几种表述原因的方法如下： • Time pressure is a major reason for job-related stress. 时间 压力是与工作有关的焦虑的主要原因。 • The reason that the sports meeting was called off is because of the coming of typhoon.运动会被取消是因为台风就要来 临。 • One reason why students should study a variety of subjects is to become knowledgeable citizens. 学生应该学习各种课程 的一个理由是要使他们成为有知识的公民。 • 译文：原因是过去的几个夏天变得不同寻常的暖和，蚊 子比平常都要多。
Language Points
• • • • 7. estimate ① vt. 估计，估算 The committee did not estimate how much such a program would cost. 委员会没有估算这一计划会花费多少钱。 We estimate that over 75% of our costumers are women. 我们 估计75%以上的顾客都是女性。
Language Points
• 1. awful adj. 糟糕的, 可怕的, 惊人的 • eg. I felt awful about not being able to help. 我帮不上忙，心里很难受。 • It sounds awful, but I just can‟t stand his parents. 这听起来很糟糕，可是我就是受 不了他的父母。
Part Two --Translation methods
一.转译成动词（汉语中动词用的多，在英 语句子中往往只用一个谓语动词，而在 汉语中却可以几个动词或几个动词性结 构连用） Eg. 1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
Language Points— Difficult sentences
2. “Skunks are very fair,” Cheryl explains. “They always warn you before they spray.” • warn表示“警告、告诫”，warn sb. about/of sth, 例如： • She warned me about the broken chair. 她提醒 我要注意那把破椅子。 • You were warned of the risks involved. 已经告 wenku.baidu.com过你可能有的风险了。 • 译文：“臭鼬是很公平的，” 雪丽解释说。 “它们总是在喷射之前警告你。
Language Points
• 5. terrify vt. 使害怕,使恐惧 • Speaking in public terrifies me. 在公开场合讲话 让我感到害怕. • You'll terrify me out of my wits if you behave in this way. 你这样会吓死我的。 • be terrified of 对...感到惊恐 The little child was terrified of being left alone in the big house. 小孩 对独自留在这栋大房子里感到惊恐不已。
Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals --Pesticides are deliberately spread to make the environment toxic to certain plants, insects or rodents, so it shouldn't be surprising that other plants and wildlife are often harmed at the same time. --scientists have found numerous worries with several pesticides which are still legal and commonly used. --many chemical pollutants are toxic to wildlife.
Experiencing English
Integrated Book3
Unit Seven
Part One Text Comprehension
• Background Information
• Main Idea of the Text
• Language Points
Background Information
Language Points
• • • • • • • • 6. block vt. 阻挡，堵塞（道路，管道） The accident has blocked two lanes of traffic on the freeway. 事故造成了高速路上两条车道交通堵塞. The sink is blocked again.水池又堵了. 挡住（某人去路） I tried to get through, but there were too many people blocking my way. 我试图穿过去，可是太多的人挡 住了我的路。 block sth. off 封闭，封锁（道路） Exit 31 is blocked off due to an accident. 由于事故， 31号出口被封闭了。
Main Idea of the Text
As time goes by, some animals are gaining new respect. Through introducing human‟s prespective change toward skunk and bat, the author give readers a reflection about the relationship between animal and human.