第十章 二语习得理论
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• Nativization growth independent of the external norm • Restricted accesΒιβλιοθήκη Baidu to input Pidginization Creation of a unique first/second language acquisition
Evaluation
•1.There is no specification of the learner's • assembly mechanisms.(P254,last Par) •2.It is not clear whether the models are also applicable to classroom SLA,where no contact is possible.(P255,Par2)
Firstly, it can refer to the way in which the learner works on samples of the input data, converting them into intake and then using his knowledge to produce output. Explanation in this sense covers the acquisition sequence and order and the processes responsible for it . Secondly, the term explanation can also refer to what motivates the
theory-then-research
research-then-theory
The researcher must not be able to This approach need never lead to a interpret any conceivable event as comprehensive theory. verification of the theory. The 理论的不完整性 process of testing and amending the theory is a continuous one. 理论的发展性
6. What are the two approaches to theory ( Page 249, Para 4, Line 2)
building ?
Long distinguishes two approaches to theory building: the theory-thenresearch approach and the research-then-theory approach.
The Premise of the Accultruration Model
(P251,last par)...second language aquisition is just...
认为第二语言学习者对目的语文化的适应程度决定目 的语的掌握程度
What determines the acculturation?
assimilation
Denativization
accommodation
growth towards an external norm
Adequate access to input Depidginization First/second language as increasing appro. towards external tafget norm
我的启示
• 我赞同：要习得一门第二语言，必须要了解并学习该目的 语的文化。缩短与目的语文化的社会和心理距离也的确是 二语习得的重要条件。 • 我不赞同：把目的语习得过程完全等同于文化适应过程， 特别是把文化适应理解为对目的语社团和心理的结合，我 觉得过于绝对。
Reference
• 韩祥生、陈钰,文化适应模式理论及外语教学.[J]上海理工 大学学报,2001(9).
Acculturation is defined by Brown as 'the process of coming adapted to a new culture'.
Two models
• 1.John Schumann's model（详讲） • 2.Adersen's model---the Nativazation • Model(略讲)
Chapter 10 Theories of Second Language Acquisition
组员：
1. Introduction & the role of theory in SLA research
Presenter :
introduction
The role of theory in SLA research
Social distance
• Social distance is created by the relations between the learner and menbers of the target social group.
What is the "good"learning situation ,created by social fators? (P252,Par2)
summary
introduction: 7 theories 2 main goal explanation assembly mechanisms power mechanisms theory-then-research description
The role of theory in SLA research
2 main goal
7 theories 2 types of explanation
2 approaches of theory building
introduction
1. what are the seven theories of SLA ? ( Page 248, Para 3) (1) The Acculturation Model (2) Accommodation Theory (3) Discourse Theory (4) The Monitor Model (5) The Variable Competence Model (6) The Universal Hypothesis (7) A Neurofunctional Theory
Psychological distance
• Psychological distance is the rusult of various affective factors of the learner.
Psycological factors increasing the psycological distance(P252,Par3)
Rutherford suggests theory building is concerned with explanation as well as with description.
4. Why is the term explanation ambiguous ? ( Page 249, Para 3, Line 1 )
The role of theory in SLA research
2. What did Hakuta sees the main goal of SLA ( Page 249, Para 1, Line 1 ) research ?
Hakuta sees the main goal of a theory of SLA is description. 3. What did Rutherford suggest the main goal of SLA research ? ( Page 249, Para 2, Line 1 )
learner to learn and what causes him to cease learning.
5. What are the two types of explanation ?
( Page 249, Para 3, Line 7)
Schumann distinguishes these two types of explanation, which he refers to respectively as cognitive processes responsible for how SLA takes place and initiating factors responsible for why SLA takes place. Ellis refers to the two types as assembly mechanisms and power mechanisms.
本文的理论背景
• 本文从文化与语言的关系出发，把第二语言习得的过程看 作是逐步适应目的语文化的过程，把整个第二语言习得看 作是文化适应的一部分。。所谓文化适应是指学习者与目 的语社团的社会和心理的结合。所以，学习者与目的语之 间所构成的社会距离与心理距离就构成了影响第二语言习 得的主要因素。
Definition of acculturation（P251)
theory-then-research
research-then-theory
1. Develop an explicit theory.构建 1. Select a phenomenon for 理论 investigation.研究现象
2. Derive a testable prediction from the theory.提出预测
3. Conduct research to test the prediction.测试预测
2. Measure its characteristics.估量 特征
3. Collect data and look for systematic patterns.形成系统
4. Modify the theory if the 4. Formalize significant patterns as prediction is disconfirmed. 修改 rules describing natural events. 构 理论 建理论模式 5. Test a new prediction if the first prediction is confirmed.新预测
• 陈红平、刘维,文化适应模式与中国人的二语习得.[J]外语 教学与研究,2010(3).
By
Accommodation Theory(适应理 论）
• (P252,1 stPar)Acculturation,and hence SLA,is determined by the degree of social and psychological distance between the learner and target language culture.
2 types of explanation
2 approaches research-then-theory
The Acculturation Model
本节课目标
• • • • • 1什么是文化适应模式？ 2决定文化适应模式的是哪两个因素？怎么 理解？ 3什么是洋泾滨？ 4文化适应模式的启示
Pidginization
• Continuce pidginization is the rusult of social and psycological distance.(P252,Pra5) • Eg:an adult Spanish speaker.
Andersen's model--Nativization Model
Evaluation
•1.There is no specification of the learner's • assembly mechanisms.(P254,last Par) •2.It is not clear whether the models are also applicable to classroom SLA,where no contact is possible.(P255,Par2)
Firstly, it can refer to the way in which the learner works on samples of the input data, converting them into intake and then using his knowledge to produce output. Explanation in this sense covers the acquisition sequence and order and the processes responsible for it . Secondly, the term explanation can also refer to what motivates the
theory-then-research
research-then-theory
The researcher must not be able to This approach need never lead to a interpret any conceivable event as comprehensive theory. verification of the theory. The 理论的不完整性 process of testing and amending the theory is a continuous one. 理论的发展性
6. What are the two approaches to theory ( Page 249, Para 4, Line 2)
building ?
Long distinguishes two approaches to theory building: the theory-thenresearch approach and the research-then-theory approach.
The Premise of the Accultruration Model
(P251,last par)...second language aquisition is just...
认为第二语言学习者对目的语文化的适应程度决定目 的语的掌握程度
What determines the acculturation?
assimilation
Denativization
accommodation
growth towards an external norm
Adequate access to input Depidginization First/second language as increasing appro. towards external tafget norm
我的启示
• 我赞同：要习得一门第二语言，必须要了解并学习该目的 语的文化。缩短与目的语文化的社会和心理距离也的确是 二语习得的重要条件。 • 我不赞同：把目的语习得过程完全等同于文化适应过程， 特别是把文化适应理解为对目的语社团和心理的结合，我 觉得过于绝对。
Reference
• 韩祥生、陈钰,文化适应模式理论及外语教学.[J]上海理工 大学学报,2001(9).
Acculturation is defined by Brown as 'the process of coming adapted to a new culture'.
Two models
• 1.John Schumann's model（详讲） • 2.Adersen's model---the Nativazation • Model(略讲)
Chapter 10 Theories of Second Language Acquisition
组员：
1. Introduction & the role of theory in SLA research
Presenter :
introduction
The role of theory in SLA research
Social distance
• Social distance is created by the relations between the learner and menbers of the target social group.
What is the "good"learning situation ,created by social fators? (P252,Par2)
summary
introduction: 7 theories 2 main goal explanation assembly mechanisms power mechanisms theory-then-research description
The role of theory in SLA research
2 main goal
7 theories 2 types of explanation
2 approaches of theory building
introduction
1. what are the seven theories of SLA ? ( Page 248, Para 3) (1) The Acculturation Model (2) Accommodation Theory (3) Discourse Theory (4) The Monitor Model (5) The Variable Competence Model (6) The Universal Hypothesis (7) A Neurofunctional Theory
Psychological distance
• Psychological distance is the rusult of various affective factors of the learner.
Psycological factors increasing the psycological distance(P252,Par3)
Rutherford suggests theory building is concerned with explanation as well as with description.
4. Why is the term explanation ambiguous ? ( Page 249, Para 3, Line 1 )
The role of theory in SLA research
2. What did Hakuta sees the main goal of SLA ( Page 249, Para 1, Line 1 ) research ?
Hakuta sees the main goal of a theory of SLA is description. 3. What did Rutherford suggest the main goal of SLA research ? ( Page 249, Para 2, Line 1 )
learner to learn and what causes him to cease learning.
5. What are the two types of explanation ?
( Page 249, Para 3, Line 7)
Schumann distinguishes these two types of explanation, which he refers to respectively as cognitive processes responsible for how SLA takes place and initiating factors responsible for why SLA takes place. Ellis refers to the two types as assembly mechanisms and power mechanisms.
本文的理论背景
• 本文从文化与语言的关系出发，把第二语言习得的过程看 作是逐步适应目的语文化的过程，把整个第二语言习得看 作是文化适应的一部分。。所谓文化适应是指学习者与目 的语社团的社会和心理的结合。所以，学习者与目的语之 间所构成的社会距离与心理距离就构成了影响第二语言习 得的主要因素。
Definition of acculturation（P251)
theory-then-research
research-then-theory
1. Develop an explicit theory.构建 1. Select a phenomenon for 理论 investigation.研究现象
2. Derive a testable prediction from the theory.提出预测
3. Conduct research to test the prediction.测试预测
2. Measure its characteristics.估量 特征
3. Collect data and look for systematic patterns.形成系统
4. Modify the theory if the 4. Formalize significant patterns as prediction is disconfirmed. 修改 rules describing natural events. 构 理论 建理论模式 5. Test a new prediction if the first prediction is confirmed.新预测
• 陈红平、刘维,文化适应模式与中国人的二语习得.[J]外语 教学与研究,2010(3).
By
Accommodation Theory(适应理 论）
• (P252,1 stPar)Acculturation,and hence SLA,is determined by the degree of social and psychological distance between the learner and target language culture.
2 types of explanation
2 approaches research-then-theory
The Acculturation Model
本节课目标
• • • • • 1什么是文化适应模式？ 2决定文化适应模式的是哪两个因素？怎么 理解？ 3什么是洋泾滨？ 4文化适应模式的启示
Pidginization
• Continuce pidginization is the rusult of social and psycological distance.(P252,Pra5) • Eg:an adult Spanish speaker.
Andersen's model--Nativization Model