英文摘要常见句型
英语作文summary模板及句型
英语作文summary模板及句型英文回答：Summary Writing Template:Introduction:Begin with a hook sentence that captures the reader's attention.State the main argument or purpose of the original text.Provide a brief overview of the text's structure and organization.Body Paragraphs:For each main point in the original text, create a separate body paragraph.Start with a topic sentence that clearly states the main point.Support the topic sentence with evidence and analysis from the original text.Use specific examples, quotations, or paraphrases to demonstrate the author's arguments.Provide transitions between paragraphs to maintain coherence.Conclusion:Summarize the main points of the original text.Restate the main argument or purpose of the text.Conclude with a final thought or reflection on the significance of the original text.Phrases for Summarizing:To introduce the original text:The author argues that...The text examines...The central idea of the text is...To state main points:The first main point is...Another important point made by the author is...A key argument presented in the text is...To provide evidence:For instance, the author writes...As evidence, the text provides...The author illustrates this point with the example of...To conclude:In conclusion, the text argues that...The author's main point is...The text effectively demonstrates...中文回答：摘要写作模板：引言：以吸引读者注意力的主题句开头。
英文摘要的写法
Stokes output and good pulse shape.
资料性摘要概括地阐述论文或报告中的主要
结论，重点突出文中提及的新发现或有别于
其他同类研究的结论。
结合型摘要 (Informative Indicative Abstracts)
此类摘要综合了说明性摘要和资料性摘要
的特点
（1）This article discusses some possible roles for self-access pathways, particularly in cultures which have no tradition of self-study. （ 2 ） It suggests how pathways might influence the design and running of self-access centres, （3）and gives an illustration of how pathways were designed and employed in a centre in China. Feedback is based on a minisurvey distributed to thirty users.
Abstract: （ 1 ） This paper discusses the
effect of processing temperature on the room temperature resistivity and PTC
characteristic of the PS matrix Sn-Pb alloy composite. （ 2 ） The results show that … and the low melting point of Sn-Pb alloy results in the excellent PTC characteristic.
英文摘要写作
Basic Parts of a Summary
A statement of the problem简单回顾问 题 A statement of the paper说明文章内容 A statement of the approach to solving the problem and the principal result说明 所做工作及获得的结果 Conclusions结论
A statement of the paper
介绍文章涉及范围 常用词 consist of, contain, cover, include… 常用句型 This article consists of four parts:…
contains includes
… are covered in the scope of the research.
Types of Abstracts
Descriptive（介绍性、陈述性）abstract A descriptive abstract usually tells readers what information the paper contains, outlines the purpose, methods, and the scope of the paper, and introduces the subject. 只简要介绍论文的论题，或概括地表述研究 目的，仅使读者对论文的主要内容有一概括 的了解。一般不介绍方法、结果、结 论的具体内容，不包含任何数据。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Approach and Result
介绍所做的工作 常用词 analyze, consider, develop, discuss, investigate, construct… 常用句型 The relation between … is discussed
英文摘要写作技巧..
2010年11月
第一部分
英文摘要的固定句型
文题
文题包括样本、参数和处理三要素，其中样 本和参数随文章而变，处理则涉及关联、效应、
比较和检测四类，通常有4种固定句型。
1、关联句
A样本中B参数和C参数的关联(Association B para meter with C parameter in A sample)
“To explore association event related potential P300 with clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia”.
少数情况下，文题用于Objective时，要稍作变 动，但框架不变。如文题为：
“Epidemiological survey of depression prevalenc
“There was no significant different in total number of whit e blood cell between depression group and normal contr之间对C参数进行比较研究 (A comparative study of C parameter between A sample and B sample (or among multiple sample) 。 例如“在电针、氟西汀和安慰剂治疗的抑郁症病人之间进行 疗效比较研究” 可译作“A comparative study of antidepressive effect among patients with depression taking electroacupuncture, fluoxetine and placebo”.
英语 论文 Abstract
摘要的分类1．陈述性摘要(descriptive abstract)只说明（陈述）论文的主题，不介绍论文的具体内容Sample 1Translation is not only a linguistic transference, but also an intercultural communication. For quite a long time, translation studies have been concentrated on the prescription of translation methods, with scant attention paid to the description of macro-cultural factors involved in the translating. In this paper, the writer contends that the study of the macro-cultural factors will surely enlarge the scope and enrich the content of the translation studies. The paper is largely a rudimentary step, both in theory and in practice, to expose some of the factors influencing Mr. Fu’s translation of Gone with the Wind, with a historic and descriptive approach employed.Sample 2To the general public, China English is a relatively new and serious concept, while in the fields of linguistics and translation a group of scholars have already make a study on it. Now most scholars hold that China English, based on the standard English, is a kind of variant of English to express things and concepts with Chinese characteristic. It is the product of the English language used in English-speaking countries combined with the unique Chineseness. Then, in the nation of China with a thousand-long history and civilization, how has China English come into being, grown and developed? This paper mainly focuses on the factors involved in the emergence and development of China English and it also explores people’s attitude toward China English, and analyzes the trend and role of China English in China and the world.2．资料性/信息性摘要(informative abstract)除了说明论文的主题外，还要介绍论文的主要观点、主要内容和研究成果Sample 3This paper, based on the theories and principles of psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology, deals with definitions and functions of emotional quotient, revealing some of the learners’ emotional characteristics, which affect the outcome of language learning. The author insists that language learning is a very sophisticated psychological process, and aspects of emotional quotient influence the learner’s cognitive process in which knowledge of the target language is internalized as language competence or skills. Results of experiments prove that positive and rich emotions are the motives needed for language learning. It is vital for language teachers to motivate their students to acquire the target language by developing their emotions and helping them internalize what they are learning. The author also mentions that language teachers should recognize the potential for creating a warm and friendly environment for language learning so that language teaching and learning process will be more effective in improving the learner’s IQ, EQ, and language creative ability.Sample 4In order to help students with their translation and assist teachers to find students’main problems with translation, this paper studies an English to Chinesetranslation exercise of the second year English majors in a university. The author studies in by collecting and sorting out the typical errors made by students and analyzing the causes of the errors guided by error analysis theory. The research adopts the basic translation criteria of TEM-8 in sorting out student s’translation errors. According to the research, students’errors fall into these categories: confusion in denotative and connotative meaning of a word, unnatural Chinese expressions, problems in dealing with proper nouns, misinterpretation of sentence structures of the source text, etc. Then the thesis analyzes the underlying causes: students’ lack of both translation theories and practice, and poor Chinese competence. It is hoped that more of this kind of research in both Chinese and English translation be done to guide translation teaching and practice.Sample 5As a limitation of cultural transmission, culture absence prevents Chinese readers from fully appreciating the original text. This thesis takes the translating of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter as an example, aiming at discussing the culture translation approach in the practice of translation. As one of Hawthorne’s best-known novel, The Scarlet Letter has its distinctive culture feature and the problem of culture absence commonly exists in translating it into Chinese. This thesis compares three different Chinese translation versions of the novel based on the analysis of its culture connotation, and discusses the culture absence of historical background, religious belief, mythological elements, metaphorical expressions, color images, etc. In the thesis, examples are given to illustrate how culture absence presents in its Chinese translations. Also, different compensative means for the culture absence are compared in the thesis, such as transliteration and semantic translation, literal translation and free translation, domestication and foreignization; the proper translation strategy should depend on different situations from the perspective of culture preservation.英文摘要常用的句型表达主要有：This paper argues (demonstrates) …This paper explores (probes into) …This paper elaborates on (expounds) …This paper includes (covers, touches on) …This paper aims to (aims at) …This paper focuses on …This paper makes a comparison of …This paper makes an attempt to touch on …This paper offers a discussion of (an overview of, an analysis of ) …This paper develops the theory of …This paper is a criticism of the theory of …This paper, on the basis of …, reveals (illustrates) …Based on …, this paper first categorizes … and then tentatively sets out …The purpose (objective) of this paper is to review …The author (writer) of this paper holds (considers, deems, contends) …The author tries to give an account of …In this paper, the author proposes …It is pointed out …In light of … theory, discussion is made about … in this paper.This thesis aims at a better understanding of English to Chinese (E to C) translation of adverbial clauses in business contracts. The author first describes the general theories and criteria for translation, and those specifics for the translation of international business contracts, which are theoretical guidelines for the whole thesis. Then the writer discusses and analyzes the four categories of adverbial clauses in international business contracts in translation. Finally, the author explores the major problems involved in translating adverbial clauses in business contracts from English to Chinese and proposes compensative strategies.。
英文摘要写作指南英文摘要中的常用句型及词汇
英文摘要写作指南——英文摘要中的常用句型及词汇1 介绍文章作者观点和研讨课题内容1.1 文章内容与作者观点present, describe, report, introduce, explain, illustrate, deal with1.2 文章研究课题study, consider, discuss, investigate, analyze, state, develop1.3 文章涉及范围contain, cover, include1.4 综述与概括review, summary, outline, abstract1.5 文章重点concentrate, place, give, be, pay,attention is concentrated on, there is a focus on, attention is paid to, the emphasis is on1.6 文章目的动词: seem to do sth, be aimed at; 名词: purpose for/of, aim of, objective of2 介绍文章成果2.1 成果的获取和开发provide for, develop, establish, give, be designed to do sth, solve, record, furnish, realize, achieve, produce, construct, improve, be deduced from, be derived from, be obtained for2.2 观察和证明show, observe, monitor, find, note, demonstrate, indicate, exhibit, point out2.3 运算和计量calculate, estimate, measure, determine2.4 应用与用途be used to, be applied to2.5 评估与比较evaluate, assess, compare, agree with2.6 试验与实验test, experiment on, be carried out, be designed to do sth2.7 论证与依据be based on, based on, be taken as reference2.8 推荐与建议be proposed for, suggest, suggestions be made for, recommend, recommendations are made2.9 结论It was concluded that, be arrived at3 介绍进一步研究的必要性、方向和关键问题need for, necessity to do sth, require, necessary, describe, expect, important。
英文摘要常见句型
英文摘要常见句型1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on ...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of ...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of ...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...摘要题型写作要点：① 动笔之前，考生一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要点。
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型1. Introduction （引言）- This paper aims to...- The purpose of this study is to...- The objective of this research is to...- This paper addresses the issue/problem of...2. Background （背景）- In recent years, there has been increasing interest in...- With the growing importance of...- Despite the extensive research on...- The existing literature has largely focused on...3. Methods （方法）- This study utilized a quantitative/qualitative research design.- Data was collected through surveys/interviews/observations.- The sample consisted of...- Statistical analysis was conducted using...4. Results （结果）- The findings of this study indicate that...- The results suggest that...- The analysis revealed that...- There is a significant correlation between...5. Discussion （讨论）- These results provide insights into...- The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of...- The present study contributes to the understanding of...- These findings are consistent with previous research in the field of...6. Conclusion （结论）- In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of...- Based on the findings, it can be concluded that...- This study provides valuable information for...- Further research is needed to explore...7. Limitations （限制）- Although this study has provided significant insights, it is not without limitations.- One limitation of this study is the small sample size.- Another limitation is the reliance on self-reported data.- Future research should address these limitations by...8. Implications （意义）- The findings of this study have practical implications for...- These results have important implications for policymakers/practitioners.- The implications of this study extend beyond the specific context of...- This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of...9. Future Directions （未来方向）- Future research should explore...- Further investigation is needed to determine...- Future studies could examine...- This research sets the stage for future research on...。
SUMMARY 格式及模板
SUMMARY的最常见格式是总分总。
开头笼统的介绍以下，给读者一个大概的概念,然后分段总结这个你好总结的东东的各个方面.关键看你要写多少字，概括的是什么，再决定中间这部分是分小段还是一大段内，分开概括.最后就是总结了。
有的时候你会感觉总结和开篇介绍很相似,确实是这样，但是总结只是更近一步的对这个事物进行了概括.这个时候,读者就应该对你所总结的事物有一种整体上的认识了.一段好的摘要必须包括main idea和supporting details。
main idea说明文章的主旨，作者主要诉说的故事是关于什么?supporting details则帮助发展或说明主题。
如何写英文摘要英文摘要如何写如何写摘要一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。
而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。
因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上.国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字—500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字—200字.摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文,并直接点明全旨.语言上要求尽量简炼。
摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间,使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。
书籍摘要,一般放在封二或封三;论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面.摘要应做到简明扼要，切题,能独立成文,使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。
写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词.摘要分陈述性的（Deｓｃｒｉｐｔive）和资料性的(Informational）两类。
陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容.资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
医学论文英文摘要部分的常用句型
01
Sleep disorder heredity
02
hormone level receptor levels
03
Sleep disorder is related to heredity, hormone level, central neurotransmitter and receptor levels, etc. By exploring the basic and clinical research of sleep and sleep disorder, this paper aims to study its causes and prevention and treatment.
Results: Delivery pain was markedly relieved in the laughing gas group; mild adverse reactions such as dizziness and drowsiness were reported in individual patients, but they subsided with(消失) the discontinuation of laughing gas inhalation.
疗效好：good therapeutic/curative effect
5）研究结果的表达
01
结果表明：The result showed that…
03
我们观察到：It was observed that/ we observed that…
02
（我们）发现：It was found that …/we found that…
摘要部分的常用句型
英文摘要常用句型集
It is known that…我们、大家知道……
It is well known that…众所周之……
It is said that…人们说,据说……
It is reported that …据报道……
It is believed that …据信……
It can be seen that …可以看出……
the graph/plot of the dependence of A on B
the graph/plot of the variation of A with B
4、这个理论来源于……
The theory comes/stems/emerges/originates from …
The theory is obtained/provided/furnished from …
2、已知……,我们就能求出……
Given …, we can find out …
Knowing …, we can find out …
3、现有的数据
the data available
the data we have/possess
the existing data
the current data
A comparison of A with/and B shows that…
4、我们必须……
It is necessary for us to do …
We must do …
5、我们能够……
It is possible for us to do …
We can do …
We are able to do …
These data enable us/lead us to conclude that …
英文摘要写作技巧四种固定句型
4、检测句
在A样本中对B参数的检测，可套用： “Detection of B parameter in A sample”。 例如，在抽动障碍儿童中对A蔟溶血性链球菌抗 体的测定，可译作： “Detection of group A streptococcal antibody in childre n with tic disorders”。
3、相关句
在C组中A参数与B参数之间有显著正相关、负相关或无 相关，可套用：“There was a significantly positive or negative correlation between parameter A and parameter B in group C”。
例如，在38例精神分裂症病人中脑脊液多巴胺水平与5 羟色胺水平之间有显著正相关，译作There was a significantly positive correlation between CSF Dopamine level and CSF 5-hydroxytryptamine level in 38 patients with schizophrenia”。
分析: ① 词语搭配不当：effect 应与on 连用; ② 选词不当：轻病区用mild 一词。
修改为: Effects of different iodine content in salt on the children in severe and mild iodine deficiency areas in Guizhou , China
二、英文摘要
1、目的（Objective)
在目的中，因为是反映将要做什么，故用不定式。格式为 “探索（调查或研究）+文题”
英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式
摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。
它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。
写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。
第一步：阅读A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B．给摘要起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。
一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。
第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。
摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。
这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2) 选择一至两个例子。
原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复。
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。
如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
英文摘要写作技巧-四种固定句型共40页
ENDLeabharlann •29、在一切能够接受法律支配的人类 的状态 中，哪 里没有 法律， 那里就 没有自 由。— —洛克
•
30、风俗可以造就法律，也可以废除 法律。 ——塞·约翰逊
16、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。——华盛顿 17、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。——罗素·贝克 18、最大的挑战和突破在于用人，而用人最大的突破在于信任人。——马云 19、自己活着，就是为了使别人过得更美好。——雷锋 20、要掌握书，莫被书掌握；要为生而读，莫为读而生。——布尔沃
英文摘要写作技巧-四种固定句型
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26、我们像鹰一样，生来就是自由的 ，但是 为了生 存，我 们不得 不为自 己编织 一个笼 子，然 后把自 己关在 里面。 ——博 莱索
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27、法律如果不讲道理，即使延续时 间再长 ，也还 是没有 制约力 的。— —爱·科 克
•
28、好法律是由坏风俗创造出来的。 ——马 克罗维 乌斯
(完整word版)英文摘要句型总结
研究报告的英文摘要写作句型第一句话研究目的1.1The purpose/aim of this study was to explore/investigate the association between【VA】and 【VB 】(of 【Subjects】).1.2This study mainly explored【VA】and 【VB 】.And this study also aimed at examining the relationship between 【VA】and 【VB 】.1.3 This study examined 【VA】in【Subjects】and 【VB 】.1.4 This paper presents a 【method】study on【VA】.1.5 The research/this study /the study examined/explored the relationship among 【VA】as well as 【VB】and 【VC】in order to understand【】.1.6 This study investigated the relationship between【VA】and 【VB】1.8 To promote research on【VA】,a study 【about item】.1.7 This study focused on examining how 【VA】influences【VB】(【AREA】) .1.10 1+2+3 To analyze the relationships between【VA】and 【VB】, 【number】【subjects】were asked/ choosed at random /by convenient to complete 【test1】and 【test2】.1.11 1+2+3 To explore characteristics and relationships of 【VA】and 【VB】of 【Subjects in AREA】,【number】【subjects】were investigated by【test1】and 【test2】.1.12 1+2 To investigate the situation of 【VA】and 【VB】,a questionnaire was administered to【number】【subjects】【Subjects in AREA】.1.13 2+3 Based on a sample of 【number】【subjects】, 【test1】and 【test2】were administered.1.14 1+2+3 A survey using a cluster sample of 【number】【subjects】was conducted to examine the relationship between 【VA】and 【VB】.1.15 1+2+3 This study investigated 【number】【subjects】to explore【VA】and 【VB】.1.16 1+2 【number】【subjects】(【from AREA】)participated in current study.1.17 1+2+3 Questionnaires were used to explore the characteristics/ the situation /characters of 【subjects】’【VA】and 【VB】.1.18 1+2+3【number】【subjects】were assessed in order to examine the characters of【subjects】’【VA】and 【VB】.第二句话被试情况(1.1-1.7+2)2.1 【number】【subjects】participated in the study. 2.2 Participants were 【number】【subjects】.2.3 2+3 【number】【subjects】were tested by【method】.2.4 2+3 【number】【subjects】were asked to respond to the scale along with【method】.2.52+3【number】【subjects】were tested/examined on【VA】and【VB】.2.6 2+3 By convenient/ramdom sampling, 【number】【subjects】completed 【test1】and 【test2】.第三句话研究过程3.1【test1】and 【test2】were used. 3.2 The measure used to assess 【VA】was 【method /test】. 第四句研究结果及结论结果显示/研究表明(The/Research )Results showed /demonstrated /indicated/suggested (that/as followed/): (1) ; (2) ; (3) .(The)Results based on 【number】【subjects】The findings /FindingsIt was found that : (1) ; (2) ; (3) .The results are as follows: (1) ; (2) ; (3) .1.有显著关系【VA】as well as 【VB】were related to【VC】.(As hypothesized/ As predicted,)【VA】was positively/negatively related to【VB】.there was/were a strong/significant/negatively/positively relations/relationship/correlation/association between/among【VA】and 【VB】(/and 【VC】).there were significant differences between【VA】and 【VB】in 【VC】.2.显著的多、少【VA level1】tend to be less 【VB】and are more 【VC】.【Subjects’ VB】in【VA level1】had advantage over【VA level2】.Results showed that 【Subjects’ VB】in【VA level1】significant higher than 【VA level2】/decreased/increased significantly with【VA level2】.Compared with/to 【VA level1】, 【VA level2】showed distinctions in【VB】.3.没有显著差异【Subjects】in【VA】didn't differ as a function of 【VB】/didn't differ in【VB】。
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Sentence patterns of abstract
1.general situation
(1)something has a long history, and now it has become…
(2)in the past years, something …
(3)recently, …
2.focus
(1)In this paper
【example】The results of analyses carried out on the process waters generated during the hydrolysis of oil shale from Rundle, Australia via the Fischer assay retorting process are presented.
对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对对
(2)
(3)
【example】The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and utility of tread ill exercise testing prior to the discharge of patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction.
研究旨在对因急性心肌梗塞住院的患者在出院前进行踏旋器运动试验的安全性与效用做出评价。
(4)
(5)
【example】The present study has been carried out with a view to determine the feasibility of a recently suggested scheme for the economical detection and analysis of ultra-high energy cosmic shower.
研究旨在确定最近推荐的一种对超高能量宇宙射线簇进行经济探测分析可行性的方案。
【example】These investigations were intended to provide evidence that direct learning is helpful adjunct to natural indirect learning in context.
调查的目的是为直接学习是间接学习的有效补充提供证据。
The (primary) purpose of this study(paper) was to…
The object (aim) of this study（the present research）was to…
This (The present) study was designed (undertaken) to…
In this study,an attempt was made to(attempts were made to)…
3.Methods
(1)The methods are as follows:…
(2)The object of this study is to…by…
(3)… method is used to…
(4)The method used in our study is…
(5)The technique we have applied is…
(6)The procedure can be briefly described as…
4.Conclusion
（1）
【example】The studies we have performed showed that Tsingtao lily was a kind of shade plant, demanded strict environmental factors for growth and had poor ecological adaptability. The main factors limiting its growth were light and soil. Dark light and fertile soil were needed.
研究表明青岛百合属阴生植物,对生长条件要求严格,生态适应能力差,其主要限制因子是光照和土壤,即需要弱光和肥沃土壤。
It was found that
The finding show that
The survey revealed that
It is concluded that
The study suggests that
The results(of the observation)suggest/show that 5 contribution\
(1)Make a contribution to...。