心理学专业外语
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Roots of the approach-empiricism philosophy, behaviourism, social psychology.
研究方法的根源-经验主义哲学、行为主义和社会心理学。
Causes of behaviour- the mind is regarded as a ‘tabula rasa’(blank slate)at birth; therefore, knowledge and behaviour are the result of experience and learning from the environment.
Perception-Research conducted by Fantz, Bower, and Gibson and Walk on new-born babies indicated pattern detection, size constancy and depth perception are innate abilities.
行为的原因-人出生时的心理被看作是一块“白板”(黑板), 因此,知识和行为是后天经验与学习的结果。
Methods employed-use of classical and operant conditioning techniques to affect behaviour, manipulation of social environment to change behaviour.
影响-基于环境决定论的观点,通过操纵强化物和环境条件,就 可以很容易地改变行为。任何人都能够被训练来做任何事。
Criticisms-reductionist, may neglect innate influences.
局限-还原论者可能忽视了先天的影响。
Nature-Areas of explanation
Sex-role behaviour-Bio-psychologists propose gender indentity is a direct result of genetic and hormonal influences.
性别角色行为-生物心理学家认为性别认同是遗传和激素影响的 直接结果。
Roots of the approach - nativist philosophy, biology (physiology and genetics), evolutionary theory.
研究方法的根源-自然主义哲学、生物学(生理学和遗传学)、 进化论。
Causes of behaviour -genetic determinism, inherited influence, maturational blueprint, neurochemical and hormonal influences, brain activity.
Abnormality-The biomedical approach has isolated genetic and neurochemical causes of mental disorders.
biomedical:生物医学的
变态-生物医学的研究方法已经分离了心理/精神障碍的基因的 和神经化学的原因。
后天 研究方法 阐释内容 相互作用 两种不同的理论在心理学 中的地位
Approach Areas of explanation Interactionism The standing of the different approaches in psychology
Nature-Approach
Implications- due to environmental determinism, behaviour can only be easily changed through manipulating reinforcement and environmental conditions. Anybody could be trained to do anything.
攻击-动物行为学家洛伦兹和精神分析学家弗洛伊德认为攻击是 一种本能驱力。生物心理学家已经证实了激素和大脑区域在攻 击中的作用。
Nature-Areas of explanation
Sex-role behaviour-Bio-psychologists propose gender indentity is a direct result of genetic and hormonal influences. abnormality-The biomedical approach has isolated genetic and neurochemical causes of mental disorders. Language acquisition-Chomsky proposed language is gained through the use of an innate language acquisition device.
Perception-Research conducted by Fantz, Bower, and Gibson and Walk on new-born babies indicated pattern detection, size constancy and depth perception are innate abilities. Aggression-The ethologist Lorenz and psychoanalyst Freud believed aggression is an innate drive. Bio-psychologists have examined the role of hormones and brain areas in aggression.
语言获得
Language acquisition -Chomsky proposed language is gained through the use of an innate language acquisition device.
研究方法-基因/染色体图谱研究、对双生子和收养孩子的研究、 脑扫描、脑刺激或脑损伤的研究、药物测试。
Implications- due to biological determinism, behaviour can only be changed through physical means, such as selective breeding (eugenics) , gene therapy, brain surgery, or drugs.
inherited:遗传的;继承权的 maturational:化脓的;成熟的 blueprint:蓝图,设计图;计划
行为的原因-基因决定论、遗传影响、成熟的轨迹、神经化学与 激素的影响以及大脑活动。
Nature-Approach
Methods employed-gene/chromosome mapping, twin and adoption studies, brain scanning, brain stimulation or damage studies, drug testing. Implications-due to biological determinism, behaviour can only be changed through physical means, such as selective breeding (eugenics), gene therapy, brain surgery, or drugs. Criticisms-reductionist, may neglect environmental influences.
局限-还原论者可能忽视了环境的影响。
Nurture-Approach
Roots of the approach-empiricism philosophy, behaviourism, social psychology. Causes of behaviour-the mind is regarded as a ‘tabula rasa’ (blank slate) at birth; therefore, knowledge and behaviour are the result of experience and learning from the environment. Methods employed-use of classical and operant conditioning techniques to affect behaviour, manipulation of social environment to change behaviour.
研究方法-使用经典条件反射、操作条件反射技术来影响行为, 通过操纵社会环境来改变行为。
Nurture-Approach
Implications-due to environmental determinism, behaviour can only be easily changed through manipulating reinforcement and environmental conditions. Anybody could be trained to do anything. Criticisms-reductionist, may neglect innate influences.
breeding:繁殖;饲养;教养;再生
eugenics:优生学 surgery:外科;外科手术
影响-基于生物决定论的观点,行为只能通过物理方法来改变, 比如选择性生殖(优生学)、基因治疗、脑外科手术或药物。
Criticisms-reductionist, may neglect environmental influences.
形状辨别 大小恒常性 深度知觉
知觉-范茨、鲍尔、吉布森和沃克对新生儿的研究表明形状辨别, 大小恒常性,深度知觉的是先天的能力。
Байду номын сангаас
Aggression-The ethologist Lorenz and psychoanalyst Freud believed aggression is an innate drive. Bio-psychologists have examined the role of hormones and brain areas in aggression.
心理学专业英语
English for Psychology
Chapter eight
The nature-nurture debate in psychology
The nature-nurture debate in psychology
心理学的先天与后天教养之争
Nature
先天
VS
Nurture
Roots of the approach-nativist philosophy, biology (physiology and genetics), evolutionary theory. Causes of behaviour - genetic determinism, inherited influence, maturational blueprint, neurochemical and hormonal influences, brain activity.
Methods employed -gene/chromosome mapping, twin and adoption studies, brain scanning, brain stimulation or damage studies, drug testing.
chromosome:染色体 adoption:采用;收养;接受