汉英翻译学习资料.
汉英翻译学习资料.
parison between English and Chinese in terms of thinking mode
Chinese (examples)
English
Emphasize ethics Emphasize integrity and
synthetic thinking Emphasize intuition Emphasize figurative
杨贵妃,班门弄斧”as an example
3)意译 (some books classify it into substitution instead of free translation)
虎口拔牙 (beard the lion), 象蜜蜂一样的勤劳 (as industrious as an ant), 猫哭老鼠 (shed crocodile tears)。
The study had a Spartan look。 如果直译这句话“这间书房有斯巴达的景象”, 中国读者不知其中的典故,是完全不明白什么意思的。
但如果意译成“这间书房有一种简朴的景象”则完全 丧失了源语的文化内涵。我们不妨采用直译加注释 “这间书房有一种斯巴达的景象”(注:斯巴达人以简 朴著称
1.relationship between translation ,language and culture
a. the classification of culture: material culture institutional culture mental culture b. translation is a kind of interlingual and intercultural
英汉翻译复习材料
英汉翻译复习材料A New Coursebook On English-Chinese TranslationChapter One: Introduction of Translation1.1Definition1.1.1What is translation?1.1.2Translatability (可译性)1.1.3Translatability has limitations1.1.4Classification①intralingual translation & interlingual translation②interpretation & translation③Translation of literary works, of scientific materials ,of practical writing, of journalese(newspapers and magazines)④full text; extr acted; adapted translation1.2 Criterion of translation1.2.1 Criterion at home and abroad(1)严复的“信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)(2) 钱钟书的“化境”(sublimation)(3) 傅雷的“神似”(similarity in spirit)(4) Alexander F. Tytler’s three principles of translation1.2.2 Basic criterion : faithfulness & smoothnessFaithfulness①Faithful to the original meaninge.g. 1. Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money.误译：因为简想赚钱，所以才不下力干。
第二章 汉英翻译基础知识.
• Development of Chinese characters:
1) Inscription on bone or tortoise shells (甲骨文): the Shang Dynasty 2) Bronzeware script (金文): the Shang Dynasty → the Zhou Dynasty;
词序使其为“He does work hard．”则改变了该句的功能，变为 陈述句，强调“work hard”。
第二十二页，编辑于星期日：二十点 分。
• 英语又属综合型语言是因为它有丰富的屈折变化形式。
如： • table(桌子)／tables(几张桌子) • run(跑)／ran(跑，过去时)／run(跑，过去分词) • the boy’s (’s表示所属关系) • She sings(-s表示现在时单数第三人称)
序和助词(auxiliary)的组句功能上。
如：
• “He works well．”是正确句子，不能颠倒词序将其变为“Works he well”，但可以改变词序变为“Well he works．”以突出“well”。
• Does he work hard?”一定得将does置于句首成为一般疑问句，若改变
第十七页，编辑于星期日：二十点 分。
汉英篇章对比 E 汉英词义对比 C
汉英文字对比 A
D
汉英句法对比
B
汉英语音对比
汉英语言对比
第十八页，编辑于星期日：二十点 分。
Type
• 汉语属汉藏语系(Sino-Tibetan Family)
• 英语属印欧语系(Indo-European Family)
英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)
例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use theirenergy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence andmanipulating（操纵）others . They are aware that there is a differencebetween being loved and acting loving, between being stupid andacting stupid, between being knowledgeable and actingknowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于2.pretence 虚伪，虚假6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶 )—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest.孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。
英汉翻译课外实践材料 (带译文)
请大家准备一个练习本,在课外自己进行翻译练习. 一共有26条练习内容,大家至少应完成13条练习.虽然课堂上不会对这些材料进行讲解,但期末考试会有50分出自这些练习材料哦!英汉翻译：1. Translation Practice: 从理解的角度改进下列英语句子的汉语译文：(1) I will teach him to deceive others. 我要教训他一顿，看他还敢不敢欺骗他人。
(2) This thesis leaves much to be desired. 这篇论文有很多地方可以改进。
(3) A measure of calm gave signs of returning after the flood subsided. 洪水退去后，稍有恢复平静的迹象。
(4) We cannot ignore our neighbors; only at our peril can we ignore their distress.我们不能不顾及我们的邻邦：不顾及它们的安危，我们就只能陷入自身难保的境地。
(5) “It’s a gloomy thing, however, to talk about one’s own past, with the day breaking. Turn me in some other direction before I go.”不过，在天亮前谈个人的往事，真扫兴。
在我离开以前，谈点别的吧。
(6) The German invaders slaughtered the innocent civilians of the city to a man. Such atrocities were blamed throughout the world.德国侵略者屠杀了该城的无辜平民,无一幸免.这样的残暴行为遭到了全世界人民的谴责。
2. Translation Practice: 从表达的角度改进下面句子的汉语译文：(1) In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours. :门口放着一堆雨伞,少说有十二把,五颜六色,大小不一.(2) The study had three windows, set with little, old-fashioned panes of glass, each with a crack across it.书房里有三扇窗,每扇镶嵌的都是旧式的小块玻璃,玻璃上都已有裂痕。
英汉互译课件ppt
在广告文案的翻译中，可以采用归化、异化、重构等多种技巧。同时，要注意语言的音 韵和节奏，以及文化元素的巧妙运用，以达到最佳的传播效果。
文学作品翻译
文学作品翻译
文学作品的翻译要求忠实于原文，同时要保持语言的 优美和流畅。在翻译过程中，要注意原著的时代背景 、作者风格和文化内涵，尽可能地还原原著的艺术价 值。
段落翻译与篇章翻译
总结词
段落和篇章的翻译需要注的英汉互译时，需要注意整体性和连贯性 ，确保译文在整体上符合原文的逻辑和意义。同时，还需要 注意段落和篇章中的主题句、关键词和语篇衔接手段的翻译 ，以确保译文的准确性和流畅性。
Part
04
翻译难点解析
长句翻译
翻译的标准与原则
翻译的标准
忠实、准确、流畅、优美。忠实是指译文要忠实于原 文，准确传达原文的意义和风格；准确是指译文要用 词恰当，语法规范；流畅是指译文要通顺易懂，符合 目标语言的表达习惯；优美则是指译文要具有艺术性 ，能够传达原文的美感。
翻译的原则
直译与意译相结合、归化与异化相结合、语义对等与 风格对等相结合。直译与意译相结合是指既要保留原 文的结构和表达方式，又要传达原文的深层含义；归 化与异化相结合是指既要让译文符合目标语言的表达 习惯，又要保留原文的文化特色；语义对等与风格对 等相结合是指既要保证译文在语义上与原文对等，又 要尽可能地保留原文的风格和修辞手法。
；长句处理是指将长句拆分成短句或合成长句，以使译文更加通顺易懂。
Part
02
英汉语言对比
词汇对比
总结词
英汉词汇在含义、词性、词义等方面存在差异。
详细描述
英语单词往往具有明确的词义和词性，而汉语词汇则更加灵活，一词多义现象 较为普遍。此外，英汉词汇在构词法上也存在差异，例如英语中常用前缀、后 缀等构词手法，而汉语则更多采用复合词的形式。
英汉翻译讲义
本门课程要求：1. 期末卷面考试成绩占80%，平时成绩占20%；2. 平时成绩由出勤、作业、课堂测验、课堂表现构成；3. 一学期不定期点名六次，缺课一次期末卷面成绩扣5分（迟到三次相当于缺课一次），累计6次缺课者取消考试资格；4. 一学期可以请假三次（短信或电话），请在上课前十分钟请假，事后请假无效；5. 上考研班、病假、事假均需提供相关证明且需事先经过老师本人同意；上考研班者请提供上课证，病假者请提供医院开具的医疗证明，事假者请提供系部盖有公章的事假条；6. 本课程期末考试不划重点；7. 未经允许拷贝老师带答案课件者、迟到早退缺乏礼貌报告者，酌情扣分。
8. 严格按课程要求执行，谢绝一切说情或求情；9. 对于本课程或本人教学和工作有任何建议或意见，欢迎致电本人或发邮件至rg.peng@。
10. 祝学习、生活愉快。
《英汉双语翻译理论与实践》参考书目（迷你版）：[1]陈宏薇、李亚丹. 新编汉英翻译教程(第二版）上外教, 2010年[2]邓炎昌、刘润清. 语言与文化. 外语教学与研究出版社, 1989.[3]古今明. 英汉翻译基础. 上海外语教育出版社，1997年版[4]华先发、邵毅. 新编大学英译汉教程. 上外教出版社，2004年版[5]柯平. 英汉与汉英翻译教程. 北京大学出版社,1993.[6]李长栓. 非文学翻译理论与实践. 中国对外翻译出版公司, 2004.[7]李运兴. 英汉语篇翻译(第二版). 清华大学出版社, 2003.[8]连淑能. 英汉对比研究. 高等教育出版社, 1993.[9]吕瑞昌等编著. 汉英翻译教程. 陕西人民出版社，1983.[10]邵志洪. 汉英对比翻译导论. 华东理工大学出版社, 2005.[11]孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程. 上海外语教育出版社, 2003.[12]叶子南. 高级英汉翻译理论与实践. 清华大学出版社，2001.[13]余光中. 余光中谈翻译. 中国对外翻译出版公司, 2002.[14]张培基. 英汉翻译教程. 上海外语教育出版社, 1983.英汉翻译讲义Instructor: Mr. Peng第一章翻译的性质、标准及过程1.1 “翻译”古今称呼之由来。
英汉对照全译大全
英汉对照全译大全全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：英汉对照全译是指将英语原文逐字逐句地翻译成中文，以保留原文的语言风格和表达方式，同时也让读者更容易理解原文的含义。
英汉对照全译不仅可以帮助中文读者学习英语，还可以让熟练掌握英语的读者更加深入地理解原文的含义和细节。
下面将为大家制作一份关于【英汉对照全译大全】的文章，通过英汉对照的方式，为大家提供更多学习和阅读的机会。
1. Hello, how are you? 你好，你好吗？2. I’m fine, thank you. 我很好，谢谢你。
3. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？4. My name is Lisa. 我的名字是丽莎。
6. I am from China. 我来自中国。
8. Yes, I like reading very much. 是的，我非常喜欢读书。
10. My favorite book is "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen. 我最喜欢的书是简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》。
12. I am twenty years old. 我二十岁了。
13. What do you do for a living? 你是做什么工作的？14. I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。
16. I enjoy listening to music and watching movies. 我喜欢听音乐和看电影。
17. Have you ever traveled abroad? 你有没有去过国外旅行？21. Do you have any siblings? 你有兄弟姐妹吗？22. Yes, I have one brother and one sister. 是的，我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。
23. Are you married? 你结婚了吗？26. I plan to further my education and travel around the world. 我计划继续教育并环游世界。
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孔乙己便涨红了脸，额上
the veins on his forehead
的青筋条条绽出，争辩道， standing out as he protested,
“窃书不能算偷……窃 书！……读书人的事，能
“Taking books can’t be counted as stealing… Taking books…for a scholar…can’t be counted as
activity
parison between English and Chinese in terms of thinking mode
Chinese (examples)
English
Emphasize ethics Emphasize integrity and
synthetic thinking Emphasize intuition Emphasize figurative
semantic correspondence
衷心的 —heart-felt 善心的 —kind-hearted 黑心的 —black-hearted 硬心肠的 —hard-hearted
semantic non-correspondence
比如 西方人经常用狗来称呼人: lucky dog(幸运儿), To help a lame dog over a stile(助人于危难), love me,love my dog(爱屋及乌), top dog(最重要的人物) 而在汉语中,对狗的贬义词则很多,如狗腿子(lackey),
a. in terms of script b. in terms of pronunciation c. in terms of vocabulary
The relationship between Chinese and English in terms of word meaning
make a living, he had grown steadily poorer until he was almost reduced to beggary. Luckily he was a good calligrapher and could find
字，便替人家钞钞书，
enough copying work to fill his rice-bowl.
The study had a Spartan look。 如果直译这句话“这间书房有斯巴达的景象”, 中国读者不知其中的典故,是完全不明白什么意思的。
但如果意译成“这间书房有一种简朴的景象”则完全 丧失了源语的文化内涵。我们不妨采用直译加注释 “这间书房有一种斯巴达的景象”(注:斯巴达人以简 朴著称
1)直译
对于词义吻合的词或源词所携带的文化信息能为译语读者接受 的词,均可使用此种方法翻译。直译不仅可以传递源语所携带的 全部文化信息,还可以丰富译语和译语文化。
汉语中许多词语都来自英语,如 摊牌 (to show one's cards), 蓝图 (blueprint), 黑市 (black market),
他们又故意的高声嚷 道，“你一定又偷了 人家的东西了！”孔 乙己睁大眼睛说， “你怎么这样凭空污 人清白……”“什么清 白？我前天亲眼见你 偷了何家的书，吊着 打。”
“You must have been stealing again!”
“Why sully a man’s good name for no reason at all?” Kong Yiji would ask, raising his eyebrows.
穿的虽然是长衫， 可是又脏又破，似 乎十多年没有补， 也没有洗。他对人 说话，总是满口之 乎者也，教人半懂 不懂的。
And although he wore a long gown it was dirty and tattered. It had not by the look of it been washed or mended for ten years or more. He used so many archaisms in his speech that half of it was barely intelligible.
因为他姓孔，别人 And as his surname was
便从描红纸上的 “上大人孔乙己” 这半懂不懂的话里，
Kong, he was given the nickname Kong Yiji from Kong Yi Ji, the first three characters in the old-
现代小说范例之一： 孔乙己 Kong Yiji
孔乙己是站着喝酒 而穿长衫的唯一的 人。他身材很高大； 青白脸色，皱纹间 时常夹些伤痕；一 部乱蓬蓬的花白的 胡子。
Kong Yiji was the only longgowned customer who used to drink his wine standing. A big, pallid man whose wrinkled face often bore scars, he had a large, unkempt and grizzled beard.
1)直译
智囊团 (brain trust), 死硬派 (die-hard), 象牙塔 (tower of ivory), 黄金时代 (golden age), 打破纪录 (to break the record)等。
annotation
对于词义缺位的词,如果硬性直译,往往会使读者感到 茫然,对于这类词,我们可以使用直译加注法,通过加注 使读者了解源词的内涵义。如
seemed that Kong Yiji had studied the classics but never
但终于没有进学，又
passed the official examinations and, not knowing any way to
不会营生；于是愈过 愈穷，弄到将要讨饭 了。幸而写得一笔好
thinking
Emphasize cognition Emphasize individuality and
analytic thinking Emphasize evidence Emphasize logical thinking
parison between English and Chinese as a language
算偷么？”接连便是难懂
stealing.” Then followed such
的话，什么“君子固穷”， 什么“者乎”之类，引得 众人都哄笑起来；店内外
quotations from the classics, such as “a gentleman keeps his integrity even in poverty,” together with a spate of
A Comparative Study of English & Chinese
1.relationship between translation ,language and culture
parison between English and Chinese in terms of thinking mode
杨贵妃,班门弄斧”as an example
3)意译 (some books classify it into substitution instead of free translation)
虎口拔牙 (beard the lion), 象蜜蜂一样的勤劳 (as industrious as an ant), 猫哭老鼠 (shed crocodile tears)。
parison between English and Chinese as a language
1.relationship between translation ,language and culture
a. the classification of culture: material culture institutional culture mental culture b. translation is a kind of interlingual and intercultural
替他取下一个绰号， fashioned children’s
叫作孔乙己。
copy-book.
Байду номын сангаас
孔乙己一到店，所有 喝酒的人便都看着他 笑，有的叫道，“孔 乙己，你脸上又添上 新伤疤了！”他不回 答，对柜里说，“温 两碗酒，要一碟茴香 豆。”便排出九文大 钱。
Whenever he came in, everyone there would look at him and chuckle. And someone was sure to call out:
“Good name? Why, the day before yesterday you were trussed up and beaten for stealing books from the He family. I saw you!”
At that Kong Yiji would flush,
“Kong Yiji! What are those fresh scars on your face?”
Ignoring this, he would lay nine coppers on the bar and order two bowls of heated wine with a dish of aniseedpeas.