特殊句式专题

特殊句式专题

一．倒装

1.完全倒装（full inversion):谓语动词完全位于主语之前的句子

（1）表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语位于句首（常见的有there/here , now/then, out/in, up/down,thus/away等)

eg：Out rushed the children.

Away flew the plane.

(2）such做表语置于句首时

eg: Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.

Note:此句型such后的be 动词应与be动词后的主语保持一致

eg:Such are the facts; no one can deny them.

2.部分倒装（partial inversion）：只把谓语的一部分（多为情态动词、助动词、系动词）置于主语的前面，其基本结构为（情态动词/助动词/系动词+主语+谓语+其他部分）

（1）only 修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句，且放在句首时

eg:Only in this way can we learn English well.

Note:---在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，需要找助动词来构成倒装

eg:He learned the news only after the war.→Only after the war did he learn the news.

----only 修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装，主句需要倒装

eg:Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

----only 修饰主语时不倒装

eg:Only he can answer the question.

(2)否定副词位于句首（never、nor、not、hardly、little、seldom、few等）

eg:I have never seen such a moving film before.→Never before have i seen such a moving film.

(3)六个部分倒装的固定句型

1. 。。。。。；so + be/have//助动词/情态动词/+主语，“。。。。。也是如此”

eg: They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.

Note: (1).....该句型也可写成。。。。。，and so +be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语或So +be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语

(2)如果句意不是“。。。。也是如此。”，而是对前面内容的肯定和附和（此时so=indeed)，那么句子不倒装

eg: I was afraid .------So was i. I was afraid .-----So you were.

2......; neither/ nor +be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，“。。。。。也不这样”

eg: Lily can't ride; neither/nor can Lucy.

Note: 此句型还可以写成。。。。。。，and neither/nor +be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语或Neither/Nor +be.have/助动词/情态动词+主语

3.。。。。So+ adj/adv.........that....如果。。。。以至于。。。

eg: So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

4.Neither ............, nor....." 不。。。。。也不。。。。”（前后均需倒装）

5.Not only/just.... ,but (also)....."不仅。。。而且。。。”/ Not only......bu t....as well

eg: Not only will help be given to people to find jobs ,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.

6.not until+时间状语从句位于句首，主句半倒装

eg: Not until he returned did we have super .= We didn't have super until he returned.

3.形式倒装：语法上称之为前置，只是把强调的内容提到句首，主谓并不倒装，重点掌握四个句型

（1）感叹句

eg: What an interesting talk they have!

(2) the more ......the more.....句型

eg: The more you listen to English ,the easier it becomes.

(3) whatever, however+adj/adv 引导的让步状语从句，以及as与though引导的让步状语从句

eg: You can buy whatever you can afford.

However difficulty the problem may be ,we must work it out.

Young as/though he is ,he has much experience.

二．强调结构

一．强调句型：it is/was +被强调部分+that+其他成分

1.强调人时可用who作连词，强调其他任何部分用that 。强调的可以是单词、短语和句子。（此句型不用于强调定语和谓语）eg: (1)It is I who am right.

(2)It was him that we met at the school gate.

(3)It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.

2.强调句型的一般疑问句的形式

eg: Was it in 1939 that Second World War broke out?

3.强调句型的特殊疑问句形式

eg: When was it that Second World War broke out?

4.有时也用It might be /it must have been …..that…..句型表示强调

eg: It might be his father that you are thinking of.

5.not until 句型的强调句型结构：it is /was not until +被强调部分+that+其他成分

eg: He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock .=It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.

二．谓语动词的强调

eg: Do come this evening.

三．省略

一．定语从句中的省略情况：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；当先行词时time/reason/place时，关系副词when/why/where也可以省略。

eg: This is the first time (when)he had trouble with the boss.

二．状语从句的省略情况

1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，常常有以下几种结构：

（1）连词（as/as if/once）+名词

eg: Once (he was) a teacher ,he now works in a government office.

(2) 连词（though/whether/when）+形容词

eg: Work hard when (you are) young, or you will regret.

(3)连词（when/though/while）+现在分词

eg: While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.

（4）连词（whether/as if/while ）+介词短语

eg: He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something.

(5) 连词（when/if/even if/unless/once/until/than/as）+过去分词

eg: The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.

(6) 连词（as if/ as though）+不定式

eg: He opened his lips as if (he were)to speak.

NOTE:当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略

eg: Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.