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The significance of the Seven Years’ War
New France
The Dominion of Canada
The Québec Conference proposed a centralized federation, with most powers granted to a central government responsible to a parliament. However, there would be provincial governments with specified powers over property, language, education, religion, and generally all matters of local concern. Special protection for religious and linguistic minorities reassured the French Canadian leaders in Canada East. The status of the monarch of Britain as the head of state and the ceremonial status of the governor-general were preserved unchanged. The colonial delegates made
Macdonald
1. The Canadian Pacific Railway
The Canadian Pacific Railway, a private company supported by generous federal land grants and other assistance, was incorporated in 1881 to complete and operate the railroad. A dynamic American general manager, William C. Van Horne, pushed the rails across the plains, through the Canadian Shield, and into the previously unexplored Rockies. Particularly in British Columbia, laborers imported from China dug the tunnels, built the trestles, and laid the tracks, enduring deadly hazards at low pay. The transcontinental line was
national consciousness
• Understand the causes and impact of the Quebec issue
The first inhabitants in Canada The European colonial settlements in Canada
The Dominion of Canada
some small changes to the resolutions, and the result was the British North America Act, which was passed by the British Parliament. On July 1, 1867, the Dominion of Canada, with four provinces — Québec (formerly Canada East), Ontario (formerly Canada West), New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia — came into being. Ottawa was chosen as the national capital. Macdonald was appointed as the first Prime Minister of the Dominion, and an election was set for August.
The significance of the Seven Years’ War
The Dominion of Canada
The early developments of the new nation
The rise of national consciousness The Quebec issue
The European colonial settlements in Canada
Early explorations in Canada
John Cabot
Do you know who John Cabot is?
John Cabot was an Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of parts of North America is commonly held to have been the first European voyage to the continent of North America since the Norse Vikings in the 11th century. He landed on the island of Newfoundland.
The significance of the Seven Years’ War
this time the British army, led by James Wolfe, was victorious in a brief battle outside the walls of Quebec in 1759. Under the Treaty of Paris, which ended the war in 1763, France officially ceded New France to Britain. The same year, Britain issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which created the province of Québec from the inhabited portion of New France located in the lower St. Lawrence Valley. In 1774, the British passed a law (the Quebec Act) that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.
The European colonial settlements in Canada
Europeans first arrived when Norsemen settled briefly at L’Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland around 1000. No further European exploration occurred until 1497, when Italian seafarer Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) explored Canada’s Atlantic coast for England. In 1534 Jacques Cartier explored the Saint Lawrence River for France. When Samuel de Champlain founded the tiny post at Quebec in 1608, it marked the beginning of New France, and thus the true beginning of Canada.
John Cabot
Jacques Cartier
Do you know who Jacques Cartier is? Jacques Cartier was a French explorer of Breton origin who claimed what is now Canada for France. He was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the shores of the St. Lawrence River, which he named “The Country of Canadas”.
The Dominion of Canada
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Canada in 1867
Macdonald
Do you know who Macdonald is? Sir John Alexander Macdonald was the first Prime Minister of Canada. He was the dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, and his political career spanned almost half a century. Macdonald served almost 19 years as Canadian Prime Minister; he is surpassed in tenure only by William Lyon Mackenzie King.
The first inhabitants in Canada
The first inhabitants are believed to have come to Canada from Asia about 12,000 years ago. Some likely crossed a temporary land bridge that joined Siberia and Alaska. The name of the country, Canada, was derived from the Huron-Iroquois “kanata”, meaning a village or settlement. By the time the Europeans arrived, these original people had developed different cultures across North America, many with their own language.
Jacques Cartier
The significance of the Seven Years’ War
New France was in conflict with the English colonies to the south. Partly this was a result of numerous wars between the parent countries, England and France. Partly it resulted from competition for the wealth of the fur trade in the Northwest (present-day Manitoba and beyond). It was an uneven contest, in which the French in Canada were greatly outnumbered. During the Seven Years’ War (1756－1763), a British fleet sailed down the St. Lawrence. The fortress of Quebec had withstood attacks before, but
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How does Canada expand to the present size?
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Focus In
• Learn about the colonial history of Canada • Understand the causes of founding the Dominion of Canada • Know about the early development of the new nation • Be familiar with the major events symbolizing the rise of