考研英语之图表作文

考研英语之图表作文

看图作文中的图表又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。

(1) 圆形图

圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。

(2) 曲线图曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。

(3) 条形图

条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1)同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。

第二节图表作文示例

红色代表大的自然灾害（单位/次）

黄色代表死亡的人数（单位/ 万）

The Changes in Great Natural Disasters Worldwide

1. 简述所给图表中的变化。

2. 说明引起变化的主要原因。

3. 分析这些变化对全球的影响

第三节图表作文的写作要领

图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。

写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。

图表作文的写作步骤

写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：

1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;

2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;

3)编列文章的提纲;

4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;

图表作文常用的句型

(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法)

① According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that …

根据该表/图，我们可知……

②The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustr ates/ represents/points out) that …

该表/图表明……

③ As we can see from the table …

As can be seen from the line/bar graph …

As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart …

如表/图所示，……

(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型

① Compared with … is still increased by…

② The number of … grew/rose from … to …

③ An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …

④ In … the number remains the same/drops to …

⑤ There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.

⑥There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).

下面是根据例子的题目要求写的范文。

As can be seen from the graph, there have been rapid changes in the great natural disasters worldwide over the past period from 1960s to 1990s. To be concrete, there were only 16 terrible

natural disasters, causing 300,000 deaths in 1960s while the ratios went up respectively to 131 and 1,100,000 in 1990s. The changes are disturbing, so it is necessary for us to go into the whys and wherefores of them first.

Some changes, such as those in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, result from the movement of plates along the weaknesses in the earth’s crust, but many others have much to do with man’s activities. In the first place, m an’s mindless and excessive exploitation of natural resources has done a lasting damage to the ecosystem, only to invite more floods, landslides and mud-rock flows. The rare flood to which China was subjected in 1998 is typical of the evil seeds man had sowed for himself. In the second, in order to feed their more and larger families, people from all over the world have had to overwork their farming land as well as their grassland, which in turn has accelerated the desertification of the land on which they have been relying for existence. In the third, man’s blind application of scientific findings has caused unfavorable and permanent changes in the global living environment. Among these changes are the depletion of ozone layer, the worsening of greenhouse effect, the recurrence of hurricanes and the extinction of more species.

The list of causes could go on, but they are already enough to indicate that these changes are producing more and more negative effects on the world. They have not only made it impossible for the natural systems to recover their balance but also made it harder for man to ensure his better survival. If allowed to run its course, I am afraid, this trend will certainly bring more serious threats to all the living things on the Earth, mankind included.