高考英语简明语法手册：Grammar5：被动语态和介词 含解析 精品

Grammar 5：被动语态和介词

1．被动语态（the passive voice）

它是用来表示强调动作的承受者或发生的事情的语态，与主动语态对应。

结构：be+V-ed

be：am/ is/are； was/ were；have been/ has been；

will be/ would be； had been, etc.

下列情况用被动语态：

1）说话者要侧重强调的是事情而不是施动者。

e．g．My watch is stolen.

Many new blocks have been built in this city.

The trees were struck by lightning in summer.

We will be interviewed by BBC soon.

2）施动者没必要提及。

e．g．Many trees had been planted before the flood.

The city people are well supplied with fruit and vegetables.

The unlawful sheds are being demolished.

3）说话者出于某种考虑不愿提及施动者（如谦虚或听者对施动者有看法。）

e．g．You have been taught so many times how to deal with this kind of situation.

We were told that you had been a nurse for some years.

It is said that more than 5,000 people will take part in the contest.

4) 出于行文的需要。

e．g．The pop star arrived last evening, and was immediately besieged by her fans.

The chairman spoke at great length, was interrupted now and then, and answered clearly and briefly.

He stood there like a dead tree, and was frightened almost to death.

5) 只有及物动词有被动语态，但某些不及物动词通过加个介词也可用于被动语态；

e．g．The baby will be looked after by the nurse tomorrow.

Women were regarded as only housewives in the past.

This success had never been dreamt of when I was five years old.

6) 不定式和动名词在被动语态中使用如下：

e．g．No one likes to be looked down upon.

I hate being cheated or being made fun of.

Children are never tired of being told stories.

2. 介词(prepositions)

1）表示时间与地点：in，at，on

e．g．It happened at 8 o’clock o n June 23 in 2005.

We have to get up at 7 o’clock in the morning on weekdays, but on weekends we can sleep till 12 o’clock.

On rainy days, the ants will cover their caves with dirt.

She lives at 112 in the East Block on the populated area of this city.

Room 112 is on 45th floor in this building.

He looks at the picture, noticing a white cat on the chair and a bird in the apple tree as well as a red apple on it.

2）表示手段与方式：by，with

e．g．Plan to Kunming? You can go there by air, by train, by car or on foot---it’s up to you.

You write in ink with a pen on paper, don’t you?

The streets were lighted with electric lights.

The streets were lighted by electricity.

She brushed her hair with her hand.

He killed the wolf with bare hands.

The toy is made by hand.

3) .介词（prepositions）：due to；owing to；thanks to

due to：可作表语或状语，“由于，因为”。

e．g． His death was due to the accident.

Your failure was due to your carelessness.

Due to repairs, the museum is closed for the moment.

owing to：可作表语或状语，“因为，由于”。

e．g． I missed my flight owing to the fog.

His blunder was owing to his neglect.