美国独立战争

Forming of army




In mid-1775 In Philadelphia:The Second Continental Congress Patriot representatives of the 13 colonies of America Appointed George Washington as commander in chief of the Continental Army Jefferson, Franklin was appointed to draft the Declaration of Independence
Casualties and losses
United States: 6,824 killed in battle 25,000–70,000 dead from all causes Overall casualties up to 50,000 France: 10,000 battle deaths (75% at sea) Spain: 5,000 killed Netherlands: 500 killed
The promulgation of the Constitution and the establishment of the federal government

In 1787, the United States issued the Constitution Washington was elected to first President The establishment of the federal government of the United States
The First Continental Congress

Declaration of Rights
Peace petition

Beginning

Shot of Lexington ,1775.4.18 The Americans were told, “Do not fire unless fired upon…but if they mean to have a war, let it begin here!”

The Seven Year’s War(1756-1763)
The development of economy in North America colonies


The enhancement of American national consciousness
The Causes

The development of economy in North America colonies British colonial domination hindered the development of American capitalism
Raw materials and commodity markets
Rebellious mood
Introduction The Revolutionary war The Background The Causes The Process The Significance

The revolutionary war 1775-1783
American Revolutionary War
The development of British colonies in North America
1.
2. 3.
Residents composition
Host: Indian European immigrants - mostly British Cobra Verde
The Stamp Act Congress & Sons of Liberty
Committee of Correspondence
Boston Tea Party
Smuggling
The Process
The Blasting Fuse



Boston Tea Party , December 16, 1773 Sam Adams led a group of Patriots disguised as Indians on a raid of British ships docked in Boston’s harbor. They dumped the cargos of tea overboard.


Great Britain: 4,000 army troops killed in battle 27,000 army troops died of disease 1,243 navy killed in battle, 42,000 deserted, 18,500 died from disease At least 51,000 dead from all causes Germans: 1,800 killed in battle 4,888 deserted 7,774 dead from all causes

Steps to Revolution
Each step moved us closer to war
British Actions
Intolerable Acts The Proclamation of 1763
The Stamp Act & The Quartering Act
Tea Act
Treaty of Paris

Drafted November 30, 1782 Signed September 3, 1783 Main Contents：
1.
2.
Britain acknowledged the United States to be free, sovereign, and independent states Establishing the boundaries of the United States
The Declaration of Independence

Drafted by Ben Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson Signed on July 4, 1776


We hold these truths to be selfevident that all men are created equal, that th ey are endowed by their Creator with certain u nalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
我们认为下述真理是ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu言而喻的：造物者创造了平 等的个人，并赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中 包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。
Turning Point ------Saratoga's great victory


October 17,1777 Lieutenant General John Burgoyne was forced to surrender with his entire army France and the United States signed a military alliance treaty in February 1778. France officially recognized the United states. France, Spain, Holland participated in the war.

In 1774, Britain issued 5 intolerable laws
1772-1774, established communication committee to carry out anti-British struggle


The First Continental Congress

Also known as the American Revolution Between the British and the North American colonies
The war of liberation and bourgeois revolution


The Background


The reason for victory


The justice of war The active participation of the masses The wise command of Washington The Continental army's courageous fighting International support from France, Holland and other countries

Did not solve the land problem Did not solve the problem of slavery Makes the economic development of north and south towards the two different ways that ultimately led to the outbreak of the American Civil War .
1.
2.
The formation of the American nation
Common language and culture, Unified market The development of North American capitalist
1.
2.
British colonial rule in North America
The Significance



Ended colonial domination of the UK, and achieved national independence Established the bourgeois political system Laid the foundation for the rapid development of American capitalism Had a positive impact on the French Revolution and the Latin America's independence movement
Final Victory ------Yorktown campaign

October 19 ,1781


The British General Cornwallis together with his solders surrended to George Washington November 30, 1782 a preliminary armistice treaty in Paris
Forming of state
May 1776, the third Continental Congress July 4, 1776 , The Declaration of Independence Announcing the birth of the United State

Boston Massacre Townshend Acts
The Sugar Act
1763
1764
1765
WAR
1767
More boycotts & Daughters of Liberty
1770
1773
1774
Colonial Responses
Continental Congress
Colonists were angry