Youth

Youth
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spring back to dust.
Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young.
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80.
青春
青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。

青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。

如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。

年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。

岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。

忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰无论年届花甲，拟或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。

人人心中皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻，风华常存。

一旦天线下降，锐气便被冰雪覆盖，玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生，即使年方二十，实已垂垂老矣；然则只要树起天线，捕捉乐观信号，你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉年轻。

形容词的前置和后置
1.指只能用作前置定语的形容词
(1) -most类
指以词尾-most结尾的形容词，如utmost, foremost等
(2) -elder类
指以-er结尾的形容词，如：_______________________________________
辨误：
Her elder brother is sixteen. She is his former teacher..
Her brother is elder. The teacher is former.
His weekly pay is 500 yuan.
He is paid weekly.
His pay is weekly.
(3)-en类
指以词尾-en结尾的形容词，如：______________________________________ 辨误：
This is a wooden house. That is a silken shirt.
This house is wooden. Her shirt is silken.
注意：
有些多功能形容词，在某种特定意义上只用作前置定语。

her late husband his right shoe（不可说his shoe is right）等等。

2.后置定语形容词
（1）少数形容词或分词习惯上或在某种意义上后置作定语。

常用的有：general, immemorial, martial, royal, singular, plural, extraordinary（特派的）
Blood royal secretary-general
Brown/major/minor letters patent
Knight-errant a court martial
Penguin Group Limited Richard the Lion-Hearted
A poet laureate penny dreadful
Asia Minor
from time immemorial
the third person singular
Alexander the Great
Governor General
(2)一些表示方位和时间的副词习惯上后置，常用的有:below, else, abroad, here, home, now, there, today, tomorrow, out
the weather tomorrow the way home the way out
the meeting yesterday the stay overnight the direction back
the trip abroad the sentence below customs there in the years ahead
a step forward the way ahead the photo above
(3)由前缀a-构成的形容词作定语时要求后置如________________________
_______________________________________________________________。

(4)形容词成对使用时需要后置
It was an accident pure and simple.
I like any boy both honest and intelligent.
(5)形容词短语（或者介词短语，不定式）后置
It is a matter hard to deal with.
It is the time suitable to say it
She is a girl taller than you.
练习
1. river navigable
navigable river
2. the stars visible
the visible stars
3.the finest air-conditioner available
the finest available air-conditioner
4.He is a man insane.
He is an insane man.
5. a doctor responsible
a responsible doctor
6. the issues involved
an involved style
7. the members present
the present members
8. the best book known
the best known book
9. all people concerned
a concerned look
10. look at something in an absent way
the student absent
11. the interested pupils
the doctors interested
12. equal pay
a man equal to the task
13. the very elect generals
the president elect
14. a proper place
China proper
15. the mountain proper
the proper mountain
She saw broken windows here and there.
The window broken by the boy has been replaced. She doesn’t like screaming children.
Who is the boy screaming?。