动词的ing 形式做主语和宾语

B4Unit 2 Grammar

The-ingform as the Subject and Object

动词的ing形式如何构成？有哪些规则？

一．找出句子中有动词-ing做主语和宾语

1．Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.

2．As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.

3．Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expandingthe area of the fields.

4．He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming andreading.

6．Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.

7．Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind ofrice that could feed more people.

二．.练习与归纳

1.Fill in the blank(tips from the pictures)

(1).____ ____ is my favourite sport.(play football)

(2).My sister enjoys____ alone on the seashore.(stand)

(3).The cartoon is _____. (amuse)

(4).China is a ______ country. (develop)

(5).We heard Tommy ____ in his room.(sing)

(6)She sat at the desk ____ a newspaper.(read)

2.动词-ing形式时态和语态:

动词-ing形式的构成：

是在动词末加-ing形式构成。

否定形式：

not + -ing构成.动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。

一般

完成

3.在本单元讲解动词-ing形式在句中作主语和宾语的用法。即动名词作主语和宾语．

Part

1.动词-ing形式作主语

1.直接置于句首

(1)Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.

(2)Learningnew words is very important for me.

(3)Talkingis easier than doing.说比做容易。

2.用形式主语it，把真正的主语-ing形式移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。

(1)It is uselesstryingto argue with Shylock.

(2)It’s worthmakingthe effort.这事值得努力去做。

(3)It is pleasantworkingwith you.

常用-ing形式作主语的句型主动

doing

having done被动

It + be + a waste of time doing做……是浪费时间的

It is/was no good/use doing做……是没益/用处的

It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing做……不值得

It is/was worth/worthwhile doing做……是值得的

3.在therebenodoing结构中作主语。这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossible to do …”。

(1)There is no _____(hide)of evil but not to do it.若要人不知，除非己莫为。

(2)Here is no _____(joke)about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑。

(3)There was no ____(know)when he would leave.无法知道他什么时候离开。

There is no sense in doing做……没有道理

Part

2.动词-ing形式作宾语

1.只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语,常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，

2.既可接动词-ing又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：

begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，rember，hate等。

A.在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动词-ing形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。

B.在begin/start，continue之后，用动词-ing和不定式，意义无甚区

别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。

C.在动词forget，rember，regret之后，用动词-ing与不定式意义不同。动词-ing表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作。

如：

I rember posting the letter.我记得我已把信寄了。

I’ll rember topost the letter.我会记着去寄信的。

I shall never forget seeing the famous writer.我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。

Don’t forget to write to your mother.不要忘了给你母亲写信。

D.在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，

mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。

E. go on doing和go on to do:

go on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。

如：

Please go on doing the same exercise.请接着做同一个练习。

Please go on to do the other exercise.请做另外一个练习。

F. stop doing与stop to do:

stop doing停止做;stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。

如：

We stopped talking.我们停止了交谈。/We stopped to talk.我们停下来去谈话。