北京首都机场ILS进近方法初探

北京首都机场ILS进近方法初探

学生：彭嘉指导老师：张焕

摘要

本文首先介绍仪表着陆系统的功用，以及国际民航仪表着陆系统的三种分类和我国机场主要进近标准；从仪表着陆系统的地面和机载设备出发，介绍了仪表着陆系统的地面设备的三个系统和机载设备组成，并阐述了仪表着陆系统的工作原理和作用；从仪表着陆系统工作原理出发，详细介绍了理想下滑线的形成。然后结合北京首都机场36R跑道ILS/DME进近程序重点分析讨论了实际飞行中ILS下滑道的切入、ILS下滑线道在实际飞行中的实施，并列出了ILS系统下滑道易出现的偏差, 并结合北京首都机场ILS进近程序的实施以及飞行训练列出判断处置偏差的方法和采取的措施和下滑台不工作时的实施方法和ILS进近的决断高度条件和复飞决断。最后，分析介绍了一些使用中的注意事项。由于ILS进近对着陆条件要求相对较低，在ILS进近时发生的事故有许多是由于方法不当造成的，因此，飞行人员应该对此有足够的重视，熟练掌握仪表着陆的方法，这对于保证飞行安全，提高飞行效益，完成高质量飞行有着重要的意义，本文通过实例分析，总结了经验，以指导实际飞行。

关键词：仪表着陆系统；下滑道；航向道； ILS进近实施

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Abstract: This text introduce function of instrument-landing-system at first, and international civil aviation three classification and airport of our country of instrument-landing-system mainly enter nearly standards; Proceed from ground of the instrument-landing-system and airborne equipment , recommend ground three system and airborne equipment of equipment of instrument-landing-system make up, and has explained the operation principle and function of the instrument-landing-system; Proceed from operation principle of the instrument-landing-system, has introduced the forming of the ideal letting-down line in detail . Combine Beijing runway ILS/DME, 36R of Capital Airport, enter nearly procedure analyse and discuss the slide is cut under ILS in flying actually especially, ILS letting-down line dish in fly implementation in actually, list ILS slide apt deviation that appear under the system, combine Beijing Capital Airport ILS enter nearly implementation and flight training of procedure list and judge and handle method and measure and letting-down platform that take of deviation real Construct method and ILS enter the near decision height condition and reply the resolution of flying. Finally, analyse that introduced some precautions while using. Because ILS enter near to land the terms require relatively low, a lot of accidents happenning when ILS enters near are because the method is improper, so, aircrews should have enough attention to this , acquire proficiency in the method that the instrument lands , this improve the flight benefit, have important meanings to fly to finish high quality for guaranteeing the flight safety, this text has summarized experience through the instance analysis, in order to guide flying actually.

Key Words: ILS;GS;LOC; Operation of ILS Approach

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前言

精密进近程序是在最后进近阶段，利用仪表着陆系统或精密进近雷达为飞机提供航向道和下滑道信息引导飞机沿预定的下滑道下降着陆。仪表着陆系统俗称盲降系统，早在1949年就被ICAO定为飞机标准进近和着陆设备，它能在气象条件恶劣和低能见度条件下为飞行员提供引导信息保证飞机安全进近着陆。它是目前国际、国内广泛使用的一种着陆引导系统。近年来我国民航引进的现代化客机的机载设备，一般都能达到ⅢB类。而我国仅有一半多的机场安装有仪表着陆系统，除北京机场安装有Ⅱ类仪表着陆系统并已开放，其余机场均开放的是Ⅰ类仪表着陆系统。

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