汉译英重要词条-带参考译文版

汉译英翻译技巧总结：（第二次课讲义笔记补充）Deng

一、确定句型（理解下列重要句型相应的中英文含义且会运用/必会）

1.It is + adj. + to do sth.

2.It is a +n.(pity, surprise, fact) that + 从句——很可惜/让人惊讶的是……

3.It is +被强调的部分+ that/who …——正是xxx 做了……

4.Doing sth. is adj.

5.There be

6.Not only … but also

7.As…as…/ not as … as …

8.… so + adj./ adv. that …

9.… so that + 从句/ so as to do sth. ——做某事为的是

10.… in order that + 从句/ in order to do sth.

11.Only …+ 倒装only+ 介短/状语从句如when … + 倒装——只有……才……

12.Sb. would rather do … than do…我宁死也不头像。I would rather die than give up.

13.Sb. may / must /can’t have done… (某人可能/一定/不可能做了……)

14.Sb. should / could have done … (某人本应该/本来能做……(然而却没做))

15.V-ing …, 句子(前面动词为伴随状态)

二、把握时态（有时主句从句时态并不一致）

三、把握语态（主动或被动）

四、语气（真实语气还是虚拟语气）

五、增加定语、状语、修饰成分（修饰成分通常后置）

六、情态动词的使用must/may / can’t have done(猜测) should/could have done(本来该/能做)

七、句子组合（复合句及并列句）

八、主语从句（当主语用一个词或词组无法表达时）

巩固模拟练习：

1.我过去常去看电影，可现在总是没时间。——I used to watch movies, but I never have the time now.

2.昨天晚上我看到史密斯先生进入了实验室。——I saw Mr. Smith enter the lab yesterday evening.

3.我希望我们的友谊天长地久。——I hope our friendship will/ would last long.

4.我希望我考试能通过。——I hope I can/could pass the exam.

5.如果我是男人，我就一定娶你。——If I were a man, I would marry you for sure.

6.如果不是你的及时帮助，我真不知道该如何完成任务。

——Without/ But for your help, I wouldn’t know how to complete my task.

7.如果不是你帮我的话，我不可能完成这个任务。

——Without/ But for your help // If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have completed the task. (虚拟语气)

8.祝你成功。——May you succeed!

9.祝你在接下来的考试中获得成功。——May you succeed in the coming exam.

10.祝你们白头偕老。——May you grow grey and old together.

11.祝你健康长寿。——May you be healthy and live long.

12.祝你圣诞快乐、新年快乐。——I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year.

13.祝你健康长寿。——I wish you good health and a long life.

14.你可能看过电视了。——You may have watched TV.

15.我不可能看过电视。——I can’t have watched TV.

16.你一定看过电视了。——You must have watched TV.

17.昨天晚上我看见了那个据说已经去了国外的史密斯先生走进了实验室，但是我的同伴却没看见。

——Yesterday evening I saw Mr. Smith enter the lab, who was said to have gone abroad, but my companion didn’t.

18.对我来说，最重要的不是你说了什么，而是你说话的方式。

——What matters to me is not what you said/say, but how you said/say it.

19.你每天要做的事情是复习功课。

——What you need to do every day is to review lessons.

20.他不去美国的原因是害怕坐飞机。

——The reason he doesn’t go to the US is that he is afraid of taking a plane.

重要词汇结构精选（必会）：

1.全神贯注做某事（褒）be absorbed/engaged in

2.沉迷于某事（贬）be addicted to sth. / addict oneself to sth.

3.一……就……as soon as / the moment that…

4.听到/看到某人做某事hear/ see sb. do/ doing sth.

5.花费时间/精力在……上spend time/energy on sth./ in doing sth.

6.对……有影响influence/impact …/ have influence/impact on …

7.……为的是……in order to do sth. / so that …

8.期待……looking forward to sth.

9.据说/据报道……it is said/ reported that …

10.要不是……，……without/ but for …, …

11.确保……ensure/ make sure that …

12.把……看作是take/ consider ... as ...

13.避免做某事avoid doing sth.

14.对某人适用sth applies to sb. / sth. is useful to sb.

15.同意某人某事agree with sb. on sth.

16.调整adjust oneself to sth.

17.归因于because + 句子/ because of +n. // attribute/ascribe (果) to (因) // put … down to …

18.面对，面临in the face of… / be faced/ confronted with …

19.取代xx的位置 A take the place of B // A replace B

20.过去常常做某事

21.推迟put off/ delay / postpone

22.取消cancel

23.控制眼泪/感情control/ hold back one’s tears/emotions

24.整个世界/整夜the whole world/night n. // throughout the world/night

25.对……有益/有害be beneficial to sth./sb. // be good for ///// be harmful to sth. // do harm to

26.急剧/缓慢+上升/下降rise/ increase // fall/decrease dramatically/ rapidly // slowly/ gradually

27.近年来/近十年来in recent years / in the recent years

28.某人/某物出现appear

29.意识到realize / be aware of

30.侥幸存活/幸存survive

31.让我惊讶/欣慰的是，……to my surprise // relief/pleasure

32.别无选择，只能……have no alternative/ choice but to do sth.

33.忍不住做某事cannot help doing sth.

34.不论是什么/不论是谁/不论怎样/不论何时no matter what/ whatever + v. … (从句)

35.充分利用make good/full use of

36.记得/忘记/后悔/停止做过某事/做了某事

37.幸运的是/不幸的是

38.直到……才……not … until

39.好像/似乎……it seems that …

40.泛泛/一般而言// 严格地说，……generally speaking/ strictly speaking, …

41.坚持/保持/一直做某事keep doing sth. / insist on doing sth

42.做实验do experiment

43.离开A地去B地leave A for B

44.或多或少more or less