独立主格结构

独立主格结构
一．构成：独立主格结构是由充当逻辑主语的名词或代词加上其他成分（分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语）构成。

二．特点：独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。

但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有
时还有其他修饰成分。

三．作用：通常在句中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。

四．和分词短语的区别：如从句的主语和主句的主语不一致，用独立主格结构；也就是说，独立主格结构的逻辑主语和主句主语不同。

而分词短
语则主句主语和从句主语一致。

试区别：
1.Seeing from the top
of the hill ,you will
see a beautiful lake .
2.Seen from the top of
the hill, the park
looks more
beautiful .
3.Having done his
homework , he went to
bed .
4.His homework done ,
he went to bed .
5.The meeting ( being ) over , they went out of the meeting room .
6.There are ten people injured ,two old men included.
其他独立主格结构例句：1.Today ( It ) being Sunday ,we have no school.
2.Spring having come, it is getting warmer
and warmer.
3.There being no train ,we had to wait till the next day .
4.He lay on his back , his teeth set ,his right hand clenched on his breast ,and his glaring eyes looking straight upward .
5.The boy followed that man here ,and climbed in ,sword in hand .
6.Time permitting, we’ll stay longer.
7.In front of the house was a tall tree ,its top well above the tops of the other trees .
8.The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later. 9.My work having been done ,I went home .
10.M y watch having been lost ,I didn’t know what time it is .
11.H e came into the house , his face red with cold .
12.A man came in ,his face hidden by an upturned coat collar.
Exercise
指出下列句中的独立主格结构：
1.My work having been finished , I went
home .
2.The woman sat smiling , surrounded by her flowers , a faraway look in her eyes .
3.My watch having been lost , I didn’t know what time it was .
4.He came into the room , his face red with cold .
5.There an elderly patient was sitting in
her wheelchair alone , head bowed .
6.A man came in , his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled low over his brow .
用独立主格结构改正下列句子：
1.Being cold , he put on his overcoat .
2.Being no bus , we had to walk home .
3.Getting colder ,
some birds are flying away to the south . 4.Being ill , Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang . is the largest continent , being about 43 million square kilometers.
用独立主格结构将括号内的汉语译成英语：
1. Bing Bing entered the room , ____________________
(手里拿着一个大苹果)。

2._______________ (下课了) , the children ran out of the classroom .
3. The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time , ______________ (鼻子冻得通红)。

4.Here comes the Shanghai train , __________________ (从福州来的火车半小时
以后到)。

5.He was doing his homework ,
___________________ .
(他的父亲坐在旁边)。

6.___________________
(谁也没有什么可说的),
the meeting was closed .
suggested answers :
1.It being cold --- 1.a big apple in hand
2.There being no bus
--- 2. The class being over
3.It getting colder--- 3. her nose red with cold
4.Mr. Wang being ill
--- 4. the Fuzhou train to come
half an hour
5.its size being --- 5. his father sitting aside
6. Nobody having any more to say。