定语后置

1、介词短词作定语This is a map of China.这是一幅中国地图。The girl with an apple in her hand is very beautiful.手里拿着苹果的女孩是很漂亮的。The book on the desk is very interesting. 桌子上的那本书是很有趣的。The man from the United States will give us a talk.来自美国的人将给我们做讲座。It is a novel by Luxun.这是被鲁迅写的小说。The reason for his absence from the meeting was that it rained too heavily .他会议缺席的原因是因为雨太大。

2、形容词短语作定语He is a man responsible for what he says and does.他是一个对他所说和所做的东西负责任的人。The books available to most of the students are borrowed from the others. 许多学生得到的书都是从别人那里借来的。We are looking for someone reliable and hard-working. 我们在物色可靠而又勤奋的人。

3、Something+形容词结构定语修饰some、any、every、no等构成的不定代词，也要后置。如：Is there anythi ng important in today’s paper? 今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗？There is nothing wrong with the sentence.这个句子没有错的地方。

4、不定式短语作定语I have a lot of work to do today .今天我有很多要做的工作。

I have something to eat .我有可吃的东西。Mother is always the first one to get up. 母亲一直是第一个起床的人。The last student to leave the classroom forgot to lock the door. 最后一个离开教室的学生忘记锁门了。She has a friend to play with.她有一个可以一起玩的朋友。

5、现在分词，过去分词短语作定语The man standing by the door is my English teacher.站在门边的人是我们的英语老师。He went to the railway station to meet his parents returning from Xinjiang.他去火车站迎接从新疆回来的父母亲。He is a man called Hans.他是一个叫汉斯的人。I received a letter written by my boyfriend.我收到了一封我男朋友写的信。

6、定语从句作定语The noise that he made woke everyone up.他发出的声音吵醒了每一个人。This is the problem that I have spent a lot of time on.这是一个我已经花了很多时间的问题。The house in which I was born still stands.我出生的那间房子还在。以上无论是介词短语、形容词短语、something +形容词结构、不定式短语作定语，还是现在分词、过去分词、定语从句作定语，所修饰的部分都是在中心词的后面，作定语的短语或句子作用相当于一个形容词来修饰前面的中心词，这种情况学生在汉语中接触较少，他们花很多时间在这部分语法上，但效果不大，学生能准确运用的不多。

V-ing形式作定语和宾语补足语学习指南

江苏郝昌明

V-ing 形式作定语和宾语补足语是非谓语动词的重要用法，也是高考的重要考点，学习时应注意以下几点：

一. 掌握V-ing 形式作定语和宾语补足语的功能

1. V-ing 形式作定语

（ 1 ）说明被修饰名词的作用和用途。如

a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 一座游泳池

（2 ）表正在进行的主动性动作。如：

This is a falling flower. 这是一朵落花。

（3 ）说明被修饰名词的性质和特点。如：

He jumped with joy at the pleasing news.

听到这令人高兴的消息，他高兴得跳了起来。

2. V-ing 形式作宾语补足语

V-ing 形式作宾语补足语表正在进行的主动性动作，强调一个过程。如： When I entered the room, I found him watching TV.

当我走进房间时，发现他正在看电视。

二. 掌握V-ing 形式作定语和宾语补足语时的位置

V-ing 形式多作前置定语；作后置定语时，常表示现在的动作。如： The building being built now belongs to our school.

正在建设的楼房是我们学校的。

V-ing 形式修饰不定代词时可作后置定语。如：

There is nothing interesting in today's newspaper.

今天的报纸没有什么有趣的东西。

V-ing 形式作宾语补足语时，常放在宾语（或it 作形式宾语）的后面。如： Do you think his answer disappointing?

你认为他的回答令人失望吗？

I find it interesting to work with her.

我发现和她在一起工作很有趣。