黑龙江大学跨文化名词定义

Chapter 1 Culture

(1) Culture (from intellectual perspective): Culture is “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectua l achievement regarded collectively”（从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现。）

(2) Culture (from anthropologic perspective): Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for be havior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, inclu ding their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially th eir attached values”.（从人类学角度定义文化：文化由清晰和模糊的行为模式构成，这些模式通过符号获得并传播，这些符号由人类群体的特别成就构成，包括具体的人工制品。文化的基本核心由传统思想和与其相关的价值观构成。）

(3) Culture ( from psychological perspective): culture is the collective programming of he mind which distin guishes the members of one category of people from another。（从心理学角度定义文化：文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。）

(4) Culture (from socialogical perspective): Culture is defined as a pattern of learned, group-related perceptio n—including both verbal and nonverbal language, attitudes, values, belief system, disbelief systems, and beh avior. (从社会学角度定义文化：文化是一种可习得的、基于群体的认知模式——包括言语与非言语符号、态度、价值观、信仰和非信仰系统以及行为。)

(5) Culture ( from intercultural communication perspective): is the deposit of knowledge, experience, belie f, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the uni verse, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group s triving. （从跨文化交际学角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信仰、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观和艺术品的集合。）

(6) Culture Identity: refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.（文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。）

(7) Subculture：refers to a culture that exists within dominant culture, and is often based on economic or soci al class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region. （亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位、社会阶层、民族、种族或地理区域。）

Subcultures exist within dominant culture ,and are often based on economic or social class,ethnicity,race,or g eographic region.

(8) Co-culture: refers to groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics, perception s, values, beliefs, and practices that are significantly different enough to distinguish them from the other grou ps, communities, and the dominant culture. （共文化：指具有独特的交际特征、感知特点、价值观、信仰和行为，区别于其他群体、社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。）

(9) Subgroup: usually does not involve the same large number of people and is not necessarily thought of a

s accumulating values and patterns of behavior over generations in the same way as cultures do. （亚群体：相对于亚文化和共文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体世代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。）