高三模块9 unit1单词讲解知识点讲解2

【词条1】defend

..., which is said to be the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police.

【点拨】defend vt.防御,保卫,保护。如:

They fought to defend their country.

【拓展】defend vt.辩解。如:

How can you defend the killing of animals for pleasure?

【习惯搭配】后跟介词from, against,表示"保卫……免受；抵抗……"。如:

The wall was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.

【同根词】defence n.保卫,防御(不可数名词)；防御物(可数名词)

【习惯搭配】后接入侵者或造成危害者时,用介词against。如:

People used to build strong walls round their towns as a defence against enemies.

后接保护对象时,用of,如:

Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame. (2006安徽卷)

【词条2】worthy

Among the most impressive athletes were the swimmers, but all of the athletes were worthy of praise. 【点拨】worthy作"值得的"解时,常跟of搭配,后跟名词、动名词作宾语。

【义近形近词】worth adj.值得的,虽然是形容词,但通常发挥介词的作用,后直接跟动名词或名词作宾语。如:

The decision is worth studying a little further.

或What is happening here today is worth notice.

worthwhile adj.重要的,值得花时间(金钱、努力等)的。如:It is worth-while discussing the question again. = It is worthwhile to discuss the question again.

【辨异】在表示"值得的"时,worth, worthy和worthwhile在搭配上存在区别:worth功能相当于介词,所以后可直接跟名词、代词或动名词,但不能接不定式。在接动名词时,worth用主动形式表示被动意义。在be worth doing 结构中,一般来说,句子主语是其动名词的逻辑宾语,除非句首用了形式主语it。但若后接的动词不及物,应考虑加上适当的介词,如:

What he said was worth listening to.

worthy后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词,应借助介词of。worthy后虽然不接动名词,但可接不定式。如:

His suggestion is worthy to be considered.

worthwhile后接动名词或不定式均可。如:

It is worthwhile to do sth. / doing sth.

语法透析

定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句是高中语法的三大主要从句,也一直是高考的重点和难点,本期我们将主要带领同学们复习一下定语从句的用法。

请先看下面的例子:

Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (2009江苏卷)

A. if

B. when

C. which

D. since

上述真题应选B,为when引导的限制性定语从句,先行词为days。

定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。如:

①This is the finest weather that we have had this spring.

②The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.

【分析】①为限制性定语从句；②为非限制性定语从句。

高考对定语从句的考查还涉及:

1. as与which在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别。as引导非限制性定语从句时,修饰整个主句,在从句中作主语；在非限制性定语从句中,which也可指代主句整句或主句的一部分。但as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中或句末,而which引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于句首。如:

Whenever I met her, _______ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009山东卷)

A. who

B. which

C. when

D. that

【解析】B。本题考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,因为指代前面一个句子,故用which。

2. that只引导限制性定语从句,不引导非限制性定语从句。

3. 当先行词中含有all, any, no, little, much, something, anything, every-thing, nothing等不定代词,有the only, the very, the last等表示唯一概念的词语,或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,以及当先行词为并列的"人"和"物"时,关系代词一般用that而不用which；在who, that, which等引导的定语从句中,动词的数要与先行词一致。

4. 定语从句中常见的"介词+关系代词"结构:

①介词+关系代词:

Who is the girl with whom you were talking a moment ago?

②名词+介词+关系代词:

We are going to build a railway, the base of which must be completed within this year.

③形容词最高级+介词+关系代词:

I have many friends, the best of whom is Lydia.

④数词+介词+关系代词:

Last Saturday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.

⑤代词+介词+关系代词:

As he was a lively, curious man, he had noticed many interesting things, all of which he recorded in his diary.

⑥介词+关系代词+名词:

He goes to bed at ten, at which hour his brother locks all the doors.

介词的选择,要注意以下情况:

①根据定语从句的谓语的习惯搭配来决定:

This is the book about which he often talks.

②"介词+关系代词"结构中,介词可后移,关系代词可以省略(省略时介词必须后移):

The person (whom) you’ll write to is Mr. Black.

③在某些情况下,定语从句的谓语动词含有介词时,介词要放在动词之后,不能拆开:

This is the key which you’re looking for. 或The sheep which my grandpa looked after were fat.