浅谈霍桑在《红字》中运用的象征手法

合集下载

浅谈《红字》中象征主义的用法

浅谈《红字》中象征手法的运用摘要：霍桑的《红字》自问世至今，一直受到广大读者和评论家的青睐。

小说充分体现了霍桑象征主义手法运用的高超技艺，本文对象征手法进行了剖析。

关键词：象征原罪红字A美国文艺复兴时期的著名作家霍桑，深受清教意识、超验哲学和神秘主义影响，他的代表作《红字》自问世至今，一直受到广大读者和评论家的青睐。

小说充分体现了霍桑象征主义手法运用的高超技艺，通过这一表现手法，他的行文摇曳多姿，引而不露，含而不发，耐人寻味。

一、在人物描写中运用象征手法小说中，霍桑在刻画人物时便赋予了他们深刻的寓意。

罗杰・奇林沃斯，这一邪恶的清教徒形象的最大特点是伪善和狠毒。

这个外表消瘦，畸形的老人在一个受人尊敬的“医生”的身份的伪装下，以治病抚伤为由，秘密地进行着复仇活动，一步步地偷窥，挖掘着人内心的秘密，慢慢地摧毁人的灵魂。

他为了满足自己的私欲，心安理得地将海丝特的青春占有，当发现自己妻子的背叛之后，为了报仇，他像一条毒蛇一样缠住狄梅斯迪尔不放，竭尽折磨狄梅斯迪尔的灵魂。

他虚伪地以“一个最可信赖的朋友”的面目出现，哄骗狄梅斯迪尔将“一切的恐怖、惭愧、痛苦、无效的悔恨、无法摆脱的内心谴责，都要对他和盘托出!”而他内心却是“绝无怜悯，绝无容赦!'”在海丝特与罗杰的谈话中，罗杰曾说：“我的手指只要对他一指，便会将他从他的讲坛弹到大牢里去，说不定还要上绞刑台呢!”这个阴险的小人自认为手中的强大力量正是当时教会的暴虐，严峻的统治。

珠儿是小说中极具神秘色彩的一个人物，她纯洁无邪，敏捷灵巧，却生来就要承受“恶魔之女”的罪名，她是性“罪过”的有形产物。

她的存在时时刻刻让人想起海丝特的“罪过”。

然而，珠儿对于海丝特而言，更是上帝对她莫大的恩赐。

珠儿是她美好爱情的结晶，代表着纯洁，她的名字象征着高贵。

因此，珠儿象征着海丝特承受罪过的极大勇气和激情。

二、红字A的象征意义霍桑对红字A的多种象征意义贯穿于全书中，赋予了它丰富多样的象征意义，从不同角度不同层次审视，出现不同或完全相反的象征意义。

论霍桑《红字》中的象征手法

论霍桑《红字》中的象征手法摘要：美国著名作家霍桑的《红字》被称为美国第一部象征主义小说，在这部优秀的作品中，作者运用了丰富的象征手法，深化了小说的主题，增强了作品的感染力以及表现力。

对于作者如何熟练地运用象征手法，值得我们深入探讨。

本文主要从红字“A”、场景、人物、人物名字、鲜花等方面，对象征手法的运用进行分析，旨在为相关研究者提供借鉴。

关键词：《红字》霍桑象征手法寓意霍桑是美国浪漫主义作家之一，其长篇小说《红字》发表于1850年。

1848年正好在纽约召开了美国第一届妇女权利大会，会上提出了男女平等、财产权等问题。

因此，这部长篇小说内容涉及婚外情以及激进的女性主义思想，大胆地挑战和颠覆了当时基督教的价值判断。

与此同时，霍桑《红字》中运用的象征手法，不仅对许多作家作品的创作产生了重要影响，同时还影响了现代派文学的象征主义。

此外，在现代作品创作过程中，对霍桑《红字》象征手法的分析进行探讨，对我国现代文学的发展具有重要的现实意义。

一、象征主义和象征手法概述象征主义一词源于希腊文，原意并不是指象征主义，几经演变以后，被引申为可以用某种观念或事物代表符号或者物品。

在文学界，“象征主义”这个名称第一次是出现在1886年诗人让·莫雷亚斯发表的《象征主义宣言》中，也标志着象征主义流派的产生。

实际上，象征主义在未被提出之前，许多作家在作品中就大量运用象征主义这种创作方法。

象征派主张创作作品不要直接、客观、如实地描写所见事实，而是通过利用特定形象，表达作者的精神世界以及观念。

19世纪末，英国发生了文学艺术活动，扩大了象征主义的影响，推动了20世纪美学的发展。

象征主义不仅被运用到文学界，还应用到戏剧、绘画等创作中。

在文学界，象征手法是创作的一种重要手法，主要是借助某种具体形象来表现思想情感。

在文学创作中，恰当地运用象征手法，可以使作品立意深远、主题深刻，给读者留下咀嚼回味的空间。

霍桑所创作的《红字》，大量运用了象征的手法，有比较明显的象征，也有许多隐晦的象征，其对象征手法的运用影响了《白鲸》的作者麦尔维尔、法国的波德莱尔，而且影响了一批美国卓有成就的作家，如海明威、菲兹杰拉德、福克纳等。

浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用 Analysis of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter

浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用Analysis of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter1 Aim and SignificanceNathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the nineteenth century He is deeply influenced by Puritanism consciousness Transcendental philosophy and mysticism As a result instead of giving the objective description of the world he always gives a symbolic meaning to an objective thing to express his true understanding of the world trying his best to discover the hidden meaning through the symbols Therefore if we want to deeply understand Hawthornes writing style it is essential for us to make a thorough research on the symbols and symbolism in his works The Scarlet Letter is Hawthornes masterpiece which makes him well known around the world and it is also one of the most remarkable works in American literature This novel with an everlasting glamour mainly lies in Hawthornes skillful handling of symbolism From the title to the arrangement of the plot then to the description of the characters and objects the author uses only a few words to express rich meanings which leaves us much room for imagination The author of the paper develops a deep interest in The Scarlet Letter after having finished reading this novel What strikes the author most is the scarlet letter A It runs through the whole novel and manifests in various forms at different time places and scenes Furthermore the meaning of the scarlet letter A becomes richer and more complicated as the plot further develops2 Main Methods and Ways of StudiesThe research into the symbolism in The Scarlet Letter can make readers deeply understand Hawthornes writing style First by way of exploring the various symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter A to different characters and the changing symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter A at different time places and scenes the thesis can help readers have a better understanding of the rich meanings of the letter A in the novel and the process of moral growth of the main characters Second the research into the symbolic meanings of the characters names various objects in the novel and the symbolic meanings of Pearl can make readers deeply understand Hawthornes unique artistic writing characteristics the profound social significance revealed by the novel and the authors writing aimsNathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the 19th century As a great romantic novelist Hawthorne is outstanding in handling application of symbolismThe Scarlet Letter is Hawthornes most important symbolic novel which is the best work of Hawthorne and one of the indubitable masterpieces of American Literature And it is this novel that makes Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world In this work Hawthorne uses the symbolism so skillfully that it enhances the artistic effects of his work greatly In The Scarlet Letter symbolism runs through the whole novel The most important symbol is the scarlet letter itself Not only does A manifest in various forms but also it has changing meanings from adultery to able even angelic in the novel Besides the name of the four major characters in the novel Hester Prynne Arthur Dimmesdale Roger Chillingworth and Pearl also have their own symbolic meanings Some other objects and natural surroundings that are described in the novel such as the jail the forest the rose bush and so on are all endowed with a deep symbolic significance The author of the thesis will explore the usage of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter from the three aspects mentioned above and analyze Hawthornes skillful use of symbolism in The Scarlet LetterKey Words the scarlet lettersymbolismHester PrynnePearl纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国伟大的浪漫主义小说家作为一位伟大的浪漫主义小说家霍桑对象征主义手法的运用可以说是独具匠心长篇小说《红字》是霍桑重要的象征主义代表作品无疑也是美国文学浪漫主义时期最著名的作品之一也正是这部巨著使得霍桑誉满全球在这部作品中作者巧妙运用了象征主义手法加强了作品的艺术效果整篇作品象征主义手法贯穿始终其中最重要的要数红字A本身的象征意义它不仅以各种各样的形式出现并且其象征意义不断变化从通奸到有能力的甚至天使般的此外小说中四个主要角色海丝特丁梅斯代尔齐灵沃斯珠儿也都有其各自的象征意义小说中描述的景物和场景例如监狱森林玫瑰花园等等也都寓意深刻本文正是从以上这几个方面着手探究作者在小说《红字》中对象征主义手法的巧妙运用关键词红字象征海丝特·普琳珍珠AcknowledgementsThis thesis is the product of the author and the supervisors three months of efforts It has been repeatedly revised under the guidance of Professor XXX It was the joint efforts of both the author and the teachers in Foreign Languages Department I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Professor XXX and the teachers who have helped the author in the process of the thesis writing I will also give my thanks to my classmates and friends who have helped me revise the thesis Last but not least I will give my heartfelt thanks to my parents who have been always supporting and encouraging meContentsIntroduction 11 Various Symbolic Meanings of the Scarlet Letter A 311 The Change of the Symbolic Meanings of the Scarlet Letter A 3111 Adultery 3112 Alone and Alienation 4113 Able Admirable and Angel 512 The Scarlet Letter and the Strictness of Puritan Society 52 The Symbolic Meaning of the Four Main Characters 621 Hester Prynne 622 Arthur Dimmesdale 723 Roger Chillingworth 824 Pearl 93 The Symbolic Meanings of the Objects in the Novel 12 Conclusion 15Bibliography 16IntroductionNathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem in 1804 He was born in a prestigious New England family closely related with Puritan church his ancestors attended the persecution of people belonging to different churches such as Quakers When he was born his family declined He was aware of his ancestors misdeeds and thus "blackness of Hawthorne" formed He thought that the reason of his familys decline is his ancestors misdeeds And he didnt agree with the optimism held by Transcendentalists towards human nature He wrote lots of works on everlasting evil side in human nature Hawthorne graduated from Bowdoin College Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Franklin Pierce the 14th American presidents were his classmates After graduation he lived in seclusion and wrote Later he worked in the US Custom House After Pierce became president he was asked to be the consular in Liverpool and Italy Hawthornes masterpiece includes his short story collections Twice-Told Tales Moses from an Old Manse and novels The Scarlet Letter The House of Seven Gables The Blithedale Romance The Marble FaunHawthornes writing skills can be summarized as follows Hawthorne seems to be influenced a lot by the sin and evil in his sense He believes evil exists in human heart all the time For example in the novel The Scarlet Letter the minister Dimmesdale tries to pretend how pure and pious he is He wants to cover up the evil in his mind Not only Dimmesdale wants to do like this but also all the people in the world because we are only human beings And the evil just likes a mark that exists in our mind when we are born And in Hawthornes mind people who commit a crime must be punishedbecause people can get experience from this way And also he supports people to tell the truth and not to offend Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the 19th century and is considered to be the first greatest American fiction writer in the moralistic tradition Hawthorne is outstanding in literature skill especially in handling symbolism His work---The Scarlet Letter is notable for its symbolism and is regarded as the first symbolic novel in American literatureThe story begins in seventeenth-century Boston which is under Puritan command The husband---an old and ugly scholar sends a young woman named Hester Prynne ahead to America However for many years he himself doesnt arrive Obviously it is possible that he has been lost in the sea While waiting for her husband Hester and a young local minister called Arthur Dimmesdale fall in love with each other They commit adultery secretly Because of Hesters Pregnancy the secret is finally discovered Hester and Dimmesdale love each other But their love is forbidden in that strict society It is sinful Due to this fact Hester is punished by society with a letter A on her chest which is considered to be an evil a shameHester is brave enough to face the cruel society She is always with a mind of courage She has been alone with her child for so long a time with little communication Hester has to wear the letter A day by day seven years as for punishment and ill fame However Hester is a kind-hearted woman and is always ready to help other people in the community without expecting any thanks Later people in the town no longer view the scarlet letter A as a punishment but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and they say it means AbleBut Arthur Dimmesdale his sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight He is too weak to admit his sins He suffers from mysterious heart trouble seemingly caused by psychological distress Whats worse he is an advisor to the townspeople about their sins After Mr Dimmesdales death no one changes more in appearance than Roger Chillingworth All his strength and energy has been used to harm his patient This unhappy man has made his aim in life to add to the suffering of the young minister When the evil old man no longer has such a purpose the devil takes him back to the hellThe Scarlet Letter is a cultural allegory in which the author indirectly tells the future of Puritanism The Scarlet Letter is a sample in which American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritanism The theme of the story should1 Various Symbolic Meanings of the Scarlet Letter A11 The Change of the Symbolic Meanings of the Scarlet Letter AIn this novel the scarlet letter A changes its meanings for many times This change is very significant It shows growth in the characters and the community in which they live At the very beginning the letter A is regarded as a kind of sin or evil Then with the development of the story it becomes a symbol of alone and alienation of the female character Hester Finally it becomes a symbol of able admirable and angel111 AdulteryIn the novel the letter "A" worn on Hesters bosom is a symbol of her adulteryagainst Roger Chillingworth Putting the letter A on her bosom and letting her show to the public is the puritan way of treating her as a criminal for the crime of adultery Hester is looked down upon as if she is some sort of demon from hell that commits a terrible crime This letter is meant to be worn in shame and to make Hester feel unwanted This is the common way to explain the symbolic meaning of the letter The color of scarlet is the symbol of blood and desire Hester and Dimmesdale cannot control their love for each other and become the criminals of God A woman loses her purity and a holy minister is punished for bringing shame to his holy occupation Red should be regarded as the symbol of love and life but under the control of the Puritan strictness Hester has to wear the scarlet letter A in order to be regarded as a symbol of shame and punishmentHere she said to herself had been the scene of her guilt and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment Brown2002 Hester is ashamed of her sin but she chooses to face the reality rather than escape from it Many people may choose the way of leaving for some other places where nobody knows of her sin However Hester is brave enough to continue to live her life which shows great strength and integrity of her112 Alone and AlienationThe scarlet letter A also symbolizes Hesters lonely life in New England Hesters social life is virtually eliminated as a result of her shameful past She has to live in such a community regardless of others ironical words and with great courage and ability It had been built by an earlier settler and abandoned because the soil about itwas too sterile for cultivation while its comparative remoteness put it out of the sphere of that social activity which already marked the habits of the emigrants Hester comes to have a part to perform in the world with her native energy of character and rare capacity" Chase 1957 However there was nothing that made her feel as if she belonged to it Every gesture every word and even the silence of those with whom she came to contact implied and often expressed that she was banished and as much alone as if she inhabited another sphere or communicated with the common nature by other organs and senses than the rest of human kind She stood apart from moral interests seemed to be the sole portion that she retained in the universal heart" Hester has no friends in the world and little Pearl is the only companion of her lonely life In other peoples eyes Hester is a criminal and most of them regard communicating with her as a shameful thing Therefore the scarlet letter A is also a symbol of alone and alienation113 Able Admirable and AngelThe letter was the symbol of her calling Such helpfulness is found in her so much power to do and power to sympathize - that many people refuses to interpret the scarlet letter A by its original signification Rubinstein 1988 We can see that the meaning of the scarlet letter A changes from adultery to being able angel and admirable At the beginning people living in the town looked down upon the woman because of her crime But later they find that Hester is so skillfully in needlework and she always help the poor and sick without expecting any return or thanks She is unselfish and always ready to help others considerately and patiently People in the town then realize her noble nature and change the view on her Do you see that womanwith the embroidered badge It is our Hester – the towns own Hester – who is so kind to the poor so helpful to the sick so comforting to the afflicted Hawthorne 1994 The people in the town soon begin to regard the letter A as a badge served to ward off the evil This is a kind woman who should not shoulder the shame and be looked down upon by others Hester is an angel sent by God to the people in the town And she should win the respect and sympathy of others instead of being punished by having to show her crime to the public by wearing the scarlet letter People and the author of the novel really admire her pure nature and abilityThe three changes in the scarlet letter are significant they show the progressive presentation of her sin her lonely life and her ability Hester is an admirable woman who experiences more emotional torture than most people go through in a lifetime12 The Scarlet Letter and the Strictness of Puritan SocietyThe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the scarlet letters to symbolize he harshness of Puritan society showing how they branded sinners for life Although Puritan society is unforgiving towards the sinful scarlet letter their strictness improved the bearers of the sin The scarlet letter was also an example of how Puritan society will always remember the sin When strangers looked curiously at the scarlet letter-and none failed to do so they branded it afresh into Hesters soul Hawthorne 1994 A letter A but freshly green instead of scarlet was created by her showing how Hawthorne made a jest at the punishment Puritans put upon Hester And the scarlet letter was also a toy to Pearl something that she enjoyed Hawthorne uses the scarlet letter to depict his feelings of the exaggerated emotions of the puritans and theirdramatic punishments The author of the paper thinks that the symbolism in this novel is used quite skillfully The technique Hawthorne uses makes his novel more artistic2 The Symbolic Meaning of the Four Main Characters21 Hester PrynneHester Prynne is one of the most important characters in The Scarlet Letter Hester is the symbol of love beauty kindness and truth She was described by Hawthorne like this The young woman was tall a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale she had dark and abundant hair so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam and a face which besides being beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of complexion had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes Harold 1990104 It is true that Hester is beautiful and attractive in appearance But the most precious part of the character lies not only in her kindness toward other people but also in her great courage of facing her love Her love for the minister Dimmesdale is pure and true This is the reason that she refuses to speak out the name of her partner in sin but takes over all the punishment by herself Instead of running from the hostile colonists Hester withstands peoples insolence and pursues a normal life She proves her worth with her uncommon sewing skills and provides community service Hesters sin gives her sympathetic knowledge of the sin in other hearts Even though the people she tries to help often reviled the hand that was stretched forth to succor them Xia199634 She continues her services because she actually cares At last the colonists come to think of the scarlet letter as the cross on a nuns bosom which is not small accomplishmentHester is the homophone of the word haste At first she gets married to Roger Prynne an ugly man who gives his best years to feed the hungry dream of knowledge Not having got the news about her husband who should have arrived by ship from England she falls love with Arthur hastily and gives birth to Pearl for which she is condemned to wear on the breast of her gown the scarlet letter "A" which stands for adultery However the author of the paper thinks that it is natural and understandable Hester has the freedom to pursue the true love of her deep heart and the happiness of the life The punishment of puritan society is somehow too harsh on a woman who is led by human instinct She doesnt love her husband and when she falls in love with Dimmesdale she is tortured physically and mentally for her sin The strictness of Puritan society accounts for Hesters sympathetic fate and Dimmesdales tragedy22 Arthur DimmesdaleArthur Dimmesdale is a young minister whose initials are AD which also stands for adultery Obviously he should take part in the punishment for Hester He loves Hester deeply and is the father of Pearl but he is not brave enough to admit their relationship Only in the forest or in darkness he can show his passion and love for Hester So the word Dimmesdale also has symbolic meanings Dim means dark and weak and dale means valley so the name here is actually a symbol of the dim-interior of the clergyman The scarlet letter A in his heart symbolizes his condemn to himself in his deep heart Meanwhile it is also the symbol of the mental control of the Puritanism If thou feel it to be for thy souls peace and that thy earthly punishment will thereby be made more effectual to salvation I charge thee to speak out the name of thyfellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer Fan200356 He feels that he will never been seen the same as before in front of God and that no amount of penitence can ever return him to Gods good graces He hates his hypocrisy to sin but dares not tell the truth that he is the fellow-sinner of Hester When he finally decides to expose the truth and tell his followers of how he deceives them his fixation on his sin has utterly corroded him to the point of death The only good that comes out of conceding his guilt is that he passes away without any secrets At the end of the story the writer put the morals that press upon the readers from the poor ministers miserable experience into one sentence Be true Be true Be true Show freely to the world if not your worst yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred Hu1997 89 As a man Dimmesdale couldnt even relate to and shouldered the obligation He is not brave enough to admit the truth However his tragedy is also the result of the strict puritan society and the psychological tie of the local religion23 Roger ChillingworthAnother main character Roger Chillingworth is a man of complicated nature and abnormal psychology The words chilling and worth compose the surname Chillingworth Chilling comes from the word chilling which means this man is a merciless avenger He is calm and kind in appearance but keeps evil intentions All his strength and energy has been used to avenge This unhappy man has made his aim in life to add to the suffering of the young minister When the evil old man no longer has such a purpose the devil takes him back to the hell He is really an unforgivable criminal According to the explanation of the Christian and the Romantic period theunforgivable crime means to infringe on others soul and feelings in order to know about their reaction toward something Chillingworth intends to look into the young ministers heart depending on some knowledge of medical science and miracle ways in religion He pretends to be the young minister true friend moves close to him in order to torture and devastate Dimmesdales heart His curiosity and intention of avenge make him become the symbol of monster and evil Due to his abnormal psychology he also becomes a victim in the story This character symbolizes the great influence of the sin on people Chillingworth married Hester a woman with youth and beauty deluding him with the idea that intellectual gifts might veil physical deformity in a young girls fantasy He married Hester not because he loved her but because he wanted to light a household fire in his lonely and chilly heart He is a bookworm who spends his best time in libraries and shows no love to his young wife It is he that has destroyed Hesters flower like youth and indirectly leads to Hesters tragedy After he discovers that his wife bore another mans child Roger gives up his independence His life center has become punish the man who seduced his wife For seven years he digs into the ministers heart with pleasure He searches the ministers thoughts he causes the poor minister to die daily a living death He searches into the ministers dim interior for a long time and turns over many precious a tread and as wary an outlook as a thief entering a chamber where a man lies only half asleep or if it may be broad awake with purpose to steal the very treasure which this man guards as the apple of his eyes When he finally found the scarlet letter "A" on the bosom of the minister he busted out a ghastly rapture When he does these he is turning from a victim to a sinner Hu199745Chillingworth also symbolizes that the avengers life is worthless When he finds his wife betrays him he devotes all his time and energy to seeking revenge He forgets that he needs to lead a new life of his own Therefore he is the victim of his own abnormal action After Dimmesdale reveals his secret to the world All his strength and energyall his vital and intellectual force seemed at once to desert him in so much that he positively withered up shriveled away and almost vanished from mortal sight like an uprooted weed that lies wilting in the sun He dies less than a year later because he has nothing left to live for24 PearlPearl is one of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the novel This character throughout the story develops into a dynamic symbol which is always changing Pearl is a source of many different kinds of symbolism Firstly she is the symbol of her mothers sin or the symbol of the scarlet letter Pearl is also a symbol of valuable thing with high price And we can understand that Pearl is the beautiful and precious crystallization of her parents true love For the mother Hester Pearl is love rather than burdenThe most significant symbolic meaning of Pearl in the novel is her association with the scarlet letter "A" At the beginning Pearl is the symbol of her mothers shame and crime She is like the scarlet letter A on Hesters bosom showing to others that she is a woman committing the crime of adultery Pearl really is the scarlet A on Hesters chest showing to others that she is a woman committing the crime of adultery WhenHester stood fully revealed before the crowd it is her first impulse to clasp Pearl closely to her bosom not so much by an impulse of motherly affection as that she might thereby conceal a certain token which was wrought or fastened into her dress Pearl is the scarlet itself which is endowed with her life And in most peoples eyes she is Hesters burden and shameMeanwhile Pearl also symbolizes her parents true love She is the crystallization of her parents true love Xia 199678 The author describes in the novel that Pearl likes the scarlet letter so much So we can see that the close relationship between little Pearl and the scarlet letter Their common nature is that they are both the crystallization of love and the hopeful future of humankindPearl is a very beautiful girl There was fire in her and throughout her she seemed the unpremeditated offshoot of a passionate moment Hester named her daughter pearl as being of great worth purchased with all she had She is her only important treasure Although Hester has so much trouble foe having Pearl she still feels that Pearl is her treasure Pearl is the most important part of her mothers life If she had never been come into this world Hester would have never been found guilty of adultery and thus never would have had to wear the scarlet letter A on her chest However if Pearl is not in her life she will lose the courage of going on her life and almost have committed suicide It is Pearl who brings hope and joy to Hesters life and gives her mother the courage to live After Hester gets the permission to still keep Pearl at her side Mistress Hibbins invites her to go to the forest to meet the Black Man together with her But Hester refuses and says with a triumphant smile I must tarry at home and keep watchover my little Pearl Had they taken her from me I would willingly have gone with thee into the forest and signed my name in the Black Mans book too and that with mine own blood Hawthorne 199498 It is Pearl that saves Hester from the Satans snarePearl also symbolizes moral in this novel The moral she is meant to teach is that Hester and Dimmesdale should fully commit their sin and then take the responsibility for their sin The first thing Pearl see in her infancy is the scarlet letter causing her mother intense agony at the shame it generated in her Later she plays a game when she throws flowers at her mother and jumps around in glee every time hitting the scarlet letter Diao2000204 She also makes her own letter A to wear When she finds Hester removes the scarlet letter from her chest in the forest Pearl starts screaming and convulsing and refuses to cross the stream until Hester reattaches the letter She is really a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she has done wrong With Pearl at her side Hester will never escape the punishment of her wrong deedMoreover Pearl is the person who eventually makes Dimmesdale admit to his crime She constantly asks why the minister keeps putting his hand over his heart and figures it out that it is for the same reason that her mother wears the scarlet letter Her role as a living scarlet letter is to announce to the whole world whom her guilty parents are After Dimmesdale manages to keep the mother and daughter together in the governors hall Pearl responses amazingly She takes his hand and places her cheek against it This simple gesture is full of meaning because it implies that Pearlrecognizes Dimmesdale as being connected to her Meanwhile Pearls stand of urging the minister to commit his sin is firm When Dimmesdale stands on the scaffold where Hester suffered her public humiliation several years before he meets Hester and Pearl who have been at Governor Winthrops deathbed taking measurements for a robe he invites them to join him on the stand When all three hold hands Pearl asks Dimmesdale Wilt thou stand here with mother and me tomorrow noontide Dimmesdale answers Not so my child I shall indeed stand with thy mother and thee one other day but not tomorrow Hawthorne 1994 Pearl laughs and attempts to pull away her hand until the minister promises to take her hand and her mothers hand at the great judgment day When they later meet in the forest Hester says to Pearl He loves thee my little Pearl and loves thy mother too Wilt thou love him Pearl says Doth he love us Then asks Will he go back with us hand in hand we three together into the town The answer is not now Hawthorne 199444 So when Dimmesdale impresses a kiss on her brow before they leave the forest Pearl broke away from her mother and running to the brook stooped over it and bathed her forehead until the unwelcome kiss was quite washed off At the end of the novel when the minister climbs up the scaffold with the help of Hester and Pearl confessing his sin to his followers Pearl kisses his lips She accepts her father finally Pearls role as the living scarlet letter is over and Dimmesdale who finally takes responsibility for his sin has learned the moral which she is meant to teach3 The Symbolic Meanings of the Objects in the NovelIn The Scarlet Letter most of the objects that are described in the novel have。

浅谈《红字》中象征主义手法运用

An Analyze of the Symbolism in theScarlet LetterContents1. Introduction (i)2. The Symbolic Meaning of the Images (i)2.1 The Symbolic Meaning of the Characters (i)2.1.1 Hester Prynne (i)2. 1.2 Roger Chillingworth (i)2.1.3Author Dimmesdale .................................................................................. .. (i)2.1.4 Pearl (i)2.2 The symbolic meaning of the Jail (i)2.3 The Symbolic Meaning of the Scaffold (ii)3. Conclusion (ii)An Analyze of the Symbolism in the Scarlet LetterAbstract:The Scarlet Letter is the 1st novel of symbolism in American literature. Being different from the romanticism, symboli sm is adopted to convey the author’s opinions in an indirect way. In this novel, Nathaniel Hawthorne artfully applied symbolism to express himself by creating several images with vivid and symbolic characteristics. This thesis mainly analyzes the symbolism applied in novel from three aspects: characters, jail and scaffold.Key Words: symbolism Puritanism adultery revenge摘要：《红字》是美国第一部象征主义小说。

象征手法在《红字》中的运用

象征手法在《红字》中的运用摘要：象征是文学创作中一种常见的表现手法。

霍桑在小说《红字》中充分运用象征手法，别具一格，独具匠心，使读者很容易理解小说中的人物、事件和情节。

关键词：象征；霍桑；红字a中图分类号：i3 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1009-0118（2011）-10-0-02一、引言象征主义作为一种文学流派，出现于19世纪末至20世纪30年代，是欧美现代派文学的一个重要分支。

但象征主义作为一种文学创作手段，则很早就在诗歌及小说中运用。

现代象征主义诗歌的代表人物艾略特说过，诗人应为他的思想和情感在现实世界中找到“客观对应物”，即象征物。

总结以上几种说法，可以说象征是借助于现实世界中的具体形象或事物，如色彩、声音、动植物等等来间接地寄托作者思想与情感的文学创作手段。

由于不是对客观事物作直接、简单的描述，而是通过暗示、隐喻等手段引起读者的联想，所以象征往往具有多义性与不确定性；由于象征可以引发读者丰富的联想并具有多重含义，这样就赋予原来平常的事物以巨大的艺术力量，这也许正是象征艺术的魅力所在。

早期的象征主义文学在题材上多侧重描写个人幻影和内心感受，极少涉及广阔的社会题材。

但十九世纪美国最著名的浪漫主义小说家霍桑经常使用象征手法和浪漫主义想象来突出强调他试图描述的社会问题。

二、《红字》与象征主义霍桑的小说在思想内容和艺术手法上都独具一格，他把严肃的道德和历史内容与卓越的艺术表现形式巧妙地结合在一起；把天赋的想象力与高超的语言技巧融为一体。

霍桑深受加尔文清教思想影响，同时美国浪漫主义时期盛行的神秘主义和超验主义在他脑海中留下了深深的烙印。

这种浓郁的文化背景形成了他对社会的怀疑态度，他逐渐意识到清教主义对人性的极大压抑和束缚，它剥夺了人们追求幸福与真爱的权利。

然而，他却无法完全摆脱这种思想的影响，这种环境决定了他的写作风格，并成就了他象征主义大师的称号，一直享誉英美和世界文坛，至今盛名不衰。

他开创了美国文学史上的“象征浪漫主义”的创作手法，这在《红字》中得到了最完美的展现。

浅谈小说《红字》中的多重象征意义

浅谈小说《红字》中的多重象征意义纳尼尔·霍桑是美国19世纪伟大的浪漫主义小说家。

他的长篇小说《红字》是其最杰出的代表作。

霍桑在小说中多次运用象征手法，从而使小说中的人物、场所、其它景物以及贯穿小说始终的红字A都带上了特殊的象征意义。

该小说深刻剖析了罪与罚的宗教意识以及其对人性道德本质的深刻影响。

标签：《红字》“A”人物;场景;象征意义1.红字“A”的象征意义1.1霍桑在《红字》中用了大量的象征，小说以“A”开头又以“A”结尾，全部内容包含在这个字母中，人物的命运，情节的发展都与之息息相关，所以红字“A”代表了小说本身。

象征意义最为典型的红字“A”，顾名思义是红色的 A 字，首先映入我们眼帘的便是耀眼的红色。

红色是一种能引起人们无限联想的颜色，于是小说中红色展示出了各种丰富的内涵：红色是血与火的颜色，是热烈情欲的象征，海丝特和丁梅斯代尔抑制不住青春的冲动和对对方的爱慕，最終成为上帝的罪人，一个妇女丧失了贞节，一位牧师辱没了自己的使命，受到惩罚。

红色还是生命、力量和热情的象征。

海丝特与丁梅斯代尔之间的爱情是纯洁的，美丽的，热烈的，然而在严峻的清教思想的统治下，象征爱情和生命之源的红色被愚昧的社会当作耻辱的标记戴在海丝特胸前，以示惩戒。

让大家觉得讽刺的是：海丝特胸前耀眼的红字，就如同她心头熊熊燃烧着的一团火焰，在严寒和冷酷的社会环境中带给她温暖;在死一般地孤独和寂寞中给她以生的希望和勇气。

虽然遭到社会的迫害，世人的唾弃，她却没有屈服，她几乎是昂首挺胸走出层层困境，以无声地沉默和坚强的信念反抗着令人感到窒息的精神压迫。

她坚定地相信，一个更光明的时期一定会来临，人们将会获得真正的爱情和幸福。

1.2就红字“A”本身而言，它并没有神秘的色彩，第一次出现在人们面前，它仅仅是一个耻辱的符号，A字是通奸（Adultery）的缩写，作者霍桑是这样对它进行描述的：“在她（海丝特）衣服的胸部，出现 A 形的字，那是精美的红布制成的，四周有金线织成的细工刺绣和奇巧花样。

论《红字》中的象征主义

外国文学研究NG NG 6论5红字6中的象征主义孙丹丹5红字6是19世纪美国著名浪漫主义作家霍桑的优秀长篇杰作,是美国文学史上第一篇用象征手法创作的小说。

作家在其创作过程中广泛运用了象征的创作手法,从而使得小说中的人物、场所及大自然中的其他景物都带上了特殊的象征意义,使故事情节充满神秘色彩;与此同时,象征手法的运用丰富了作品的思想内涵,增加了小说的艺术魅力,给读者留下了无限的想象和无穷的回味。

象征主义是霍桑在本书中使用的主要技能之一,也是理解这部小说的最关键要素。

一、5红字6中主要人物的象征意义海丝特身材高挑、年轻、漂亮,典型的淑女形象,有着一双大大的眼睛和一头黑色的长发,完全就是/圣母0的形象。

这样一个女性如何面对她的命运?在书中第二章我们看到,当她走出监狱的大门时,/她往外推了一把监狱长)))这个动作带有明显的个人尊严和个性力量,走出了监狱的大门,就像完全出于她个人的自由意志。

0当被绑在绞刑架上当众游街宣告她不名誉的罪行时,她表现出了令人难以置信的勇气和胆量,坚决拒绝说出她女儿的父亲。

但她却受到了当时清教社会的严厉惩罚,被关进监狱。

她胸前戴着红字/A 0,过了七年非常孤寂、清贫与艰苦的生活,但她没有被严酷的生活所压倒,而是同样有勇气鼓励她的情人和她一起逃往欧洲。

虽然没有成功,但却表现了她对爱情和生活的强烈信念。

她热爱自己的女儿)))她的爱情果实。

她非常同情其他的不幸者,重新赢得了邻居们的信任并最终为红字给她带来的耻辱讨回了公正。

小说的最后一章中写道:/但是,当海丝特的充满了劳苦、深思和自我奉献的七年一掠而过后,她胸前的红字不再是召来人们嘲讽和咒骂的印记,而已成为人们为之感到悲伤的东西,成为人们以敬畏的眼光去打量的东西。

当然,这些眼光都带着深深的崇敬。

0从小说中可以看到:/当海丝特拒绝被当众游街时,她同样拒绝了社会准则。

她把那种因犯罪而被拖着走的景象转化成了依照她的自由选择而前进的行为。

她接受了通奸的罪名,但都是根据她自己的准则而接受的;她胸前的红字-A.刺绣变成了一个更复杂的象征,成了一个对一些-有罪的.事情还以公正的象征,成了她激情本性中一个重要的、有生命力的东西。

浅析《红字》中地点的象征意义

浅析《红字》中地点的象征意义每一个时期的文章都有它独特的文学特点。

19世纪的美国文化观、道德观、宗教观多继承了西方传统的观念模式。

作为生活在这一时代的美国浪漫主义的小说家,霍桑在作品中采用了象征手法,尤其是对地点描写,揭示了文章的主题,同时为主人公提供了表达思想的空间。

一、监狱监狱这个场景在小说中曾多次出现,也可以说小说是以监狱开篇, 它揭露了《红字》主题之一,即人人心中皆有的“恶”。

在小说的一开始就有这样一段话:“新殖民地的创建者们, 无论他们当初如何计划着人类品德和幸福的乌托邦,一定会从最初的需要出发,划出一块处女地作为墓地;另一块修建监狱。

”监狱在小说中拥有多层含义。

首先,这一株文明社会的黑花, 它是罪恶的滋生地,象征了文明生活中对犯罪的惩罚:海丝特在这里接受对她的惩罚,接着齐灵渥斯在监狱里与海丝特碰面开始了他的阴谋。

监狱的牢门锈痕斑斑看上去比新大陆的任何陈迹都古老,和其他与罪恶相关的事物一样,监狱也似乎从不曾经历过自己的青春韶华。

这代表着法律的严酷制度对人物自由的限制,压抑人性的迸发。

再者,监狱也是孤独和疏远的标志,预示着海丝特摆脱限制之后的生活将会是充满孤独。

她被放逐到社会的边缘地区,孤苦伶仃遭到他人的疏远。

二、刑台刑台也是故事发展中的一个具有象征意义且至关重要的场景。

刑台本是处决犯人的地方,是清教社会残酷法典的象征;它是罪人公开认罪之处,象征了对罪恶的惩罚。

刑台是串起整部小说的重要线索,它总共出现了三次,分别在小说的开头、中间和结尾。

第一次出现是在第二章,海丝特胸前佩戴红字A被押上刑台示众。

在这里海丝特受到示众惩罚,从这一天她将被波士顿的居民排斥。

海丝特孤独地站在刑台上开始了她痛苦的生活,与此同时小说也拉开了序幕。

刑台第二次出现是在小说的第十章。

丁梅斯代尔由于内心的痛苦,夜游似地来到了刑台忏悔自己的罪恶。

他虽然没有像海丝特那样在刑台上受到公开惩罚,但也默默接受它对自己心灵的鞭笞。

刑台第三次出现是在小说结尾,丁梅斯代尔在作完布道以后,走上刑台,坦白罪过,接受公开的惩罚。

论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用

论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用摘要：I.引言- 介绍《红字》- 简要说明文章的主题II.象征主义手法的定义和特点- 解释象征主义- 描述象征主义手法的特点III.《红字》中象征主义手法的具体运用- 分析《红字》中的象征元素- 解释这些象征元素在小说中的意义IV.象征主义手法在小说中的作用- 讨论象征主义手法如何增强小说的主题和表达力- 分析象征主义手法如何影响读者对小说的理解V.结论- 总结文章的主要观点- 提出对《红字》中象征主义手法的评价正文：I.引言《红字》是美国著名作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的代表作之一，也是美国文学史上的一部经典之作。

小说以十七世纪晚期的美国为背景，讲述了一个关于罪恶、惩罚和救赎的故事。

在这部小说中，霍桑巧妙地运用了象征主义手法，使得小说的主题和表达力更加深刻。

本文将从象征主义手法的定义和特点出发，详细分析《红字》中象征主义手法的具体运用，以及这些手法在小说中的作用。

II.象征主义手法的定义和特点象征主义是一种文学手法，它通过使用具有象征意义的符号、形象或意象来表达作家的思想、情感和主题。

这些象征元素可以是任何事物，如动物、植物、数字、颜色、形状等。

象征主义手法的特点是含蓄、隐喻和具有多重意义，这使得作品具有更丰富的内涵和更强烈的表现力。

III.《红字》中象征主义手法的具体运用在《红字》中，霍桑运用了许多象征主义手法。

其中最著名的是“红字”，它象征着主人公海丝特·白兰的罪行——通奸。

红字被霍桑赋予了深刻的象征意义，它代表了海丝特的内心痛苦、社会压力和道德谴责。

此外，红字还具有时间、空间和命运的象征意义，展示了罪恶对人的一生的影响。

除了红字之外，《红字》中还有许多其他的象征元素。

例如，小说中的森林象征着自然和神秘的力量，而丁梅斯代尔牧师的书房则象征着知识和理智。

这些象征元素使得小说具有丰富的内涵和多层次的意义。

IV.象征主义手法在小说中的作用象征主义手法在《红字》中起到了增强主题和表达力的作用。

论霍桑红字中的象征意义

论霍桑红字中的象征意义霍桑红字是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑于1850年出版的一部小说，被视为美国文学的经典之作。

故事讲述了一个发生在17世纪新英格兰的奇特故事，以红字A的象征意义为主要线索。

本文将探讨霍桑红字中的象征意义，解读其背后深层的思想和文化内涵。

首先，红字A在《红字》中象征着“赎罪”和“罪恶”。

主人公海丽丝·普林被迫佩戴着一个绣有红色字母“A”的徽章，表示她是一个通奸的罪人。

这个红字在社会中不仅让她备受羞辱和排斥，也成为她内心深处的重负。

红字A成为了海丽丝赎罪、面对罪恶的象征，她在故事中通过忍受屈辱与痛苦，最终以一种崇高的方式承担了她犯下的错误。

其次，红字A也可以解读为“爱情”和“激情”的象征。

故事中的男主角阿瑟·登斯代尔是海丽丝的爱人，他们之间的激情和欲望被描绘得极为强烈。

红字A不仅象征着他们秘密的爱情，也暗示了他们之间的禁忌与罪恶感。

红字A在小说中的描绘含有一种诱惑力和吸引力，象征着激情和爱情的燃烧。

此外，红字A还意味着“独立”和“反抗”。

霍桑在《红字》中刻画了一个封建时代的严苛社会，海丽丝是这个社会的受害者。

然而，虽然她备受羞辱，却在某种程度上选择了独立和反抗。

她坚守自己的信仰，并积极影响周围的人。

红字A在这个背景下象征着她的独立思想，她对不公正体制的反抗，以及对自由和尊严的追求。

最后，红字A还可以被视为“耻辱”和“社会道德”的象征。

在《红字》的故事中，整个社会对海丽丝的通奸行为十分厌恶，并对她进行严厉的谴责。

红字A成为了一个恶名的标记，让她成为社会的耻辱。

通过描绘海丽丝被红字A所束缚和困扰的形象，霍桑探讨了社会道德对个体的压迫和限制。

综上所述，霍桑红字中的象征意义丰富而深刻。

红字A代表了赎罪、罪恶、爱情、激情、独立、反抗、耻辱和社会道德等多重含义。

通过这个象征物的运用，霍桑向读者传达了对人性、社会制度以及道德观念的思考和反思。

红字A成为了海丽丝的生活之痛，也成为了读者对当代社会伦理和道德问题的思考。

小说《红字》的写作手法

小说《红字》的写作手法《红字》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的一部经典小说。

这部小说以新英格兰殖民地时期为背景，讲述了一个受到社会道德束缚的女性海斯特·普林（Hester Prynne）的故事。

小说以其独特的叙述手法和深刻的主题而著称。

以下将从叙述手法的角度来探讨《红字》的写作手法。

作者采用了第三人称叙述的方式。

小说通过一个名叫“受难者”的第三人称叙述者的视角来讲述海斯特·普林的故事。

通过这种叙述方式，读者可以获得一个全面的视角，了解到各个角色的想法和情感。

第三人称叙述还使得读者能够站在一个旁观者的角度，客观地审视和思考小说中所呈现的情节和人物。

作者通过交替叙述过去和现在的方式来展现故事的情节。

小说从海斯特·普林被逼问起始，然后通过回忆和插叙的方式，逐渐揭示了海斯特的过去。

这种叙述方式让小说更加生动有趣，也增加了故事的悬念，让读者更加期待故事的发展。

作者使用了象征主义手法来丰富小说的叙述。

整个故事中，红字成为了一个重要的象征物，它代表了耻辱、罪恶和受苦。

这种象征主义的手法丰富了小说的内涵，让人物和情节更加深刻和有意味。

作者还通过描写自然环境和天气来增强故事的氛围和情感，也运用了一些神秘主义的元素来加强小说的戏剧性和吸引力。

作者还通过对话和内心独白的方式来展现人物的性格和情感。

海斯特·普林的内心独白和对话，展现了她内心的矛盾和挣扎。

这种叙述方式使得人物形象更加丰满和立体，也让读者更加容易产生共鸣和情感连接。

小说《红字》以其独特的叙述手法和深刻的主题而著称。

作者通过第三人称叙述、交替叙述过去和现在、象征主义、描写自然环境和对话内心独白等手法，使得故事更加生动有趣，人物更加丰满立体。

读者通过阅读这部小说可以获得对人性和社会道德的深刻思考，也可以享受到作者高超的叙事艺术。

霍桑作品中的象征意义研究

霍桑作品中的象征意义研究《红字》是十九世纪美国著名的浪漫主义小说家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的代表作。

在《红字》中,作者始终以象征的手法贯穿全文,尤其是字母A的象征意义丰富、深刻。

它起初象征着通奸,但它的意义并非局限于此,后来又象征着孤独和疏远,象征着能干、钦佩和天使。

总之,红字A蕴涵着多重象征意义。

标签：红字;字母A;象征1 引言纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国19世纪杰出的浪漫主义小说家。

《红字》被认为是霍桑最杰出的代表作。

在《红字》中,作者始终以象征的手法贯穿全文,加强了作品的艺术效果。

因此,由于象征而闻名的《红字》一书被看作是美国第一部象征主义小说。

犯通奸罪的女主人公海丝特在胸前佩带一个红色字母A示众,A即通奸。

海丝特和她的情人丁梅斯戴尔深受折磨,过着痛苦不堪的生活。

然而,作者赋予红字多种意义,而不仅仅是耻辱的象征。

2 红字A的象征意义(1)通奸(Adultery)。

红字“A”在小说中,首先是惩罚的标志。

依据当时的情况,妇女要被判处终身佩带绣在长袍上的字母A,以示其犯了通奸罪。

此时,红字“A”意味着通奸(Adultery)。

然而随着情节的发展,作者赋予了A字不同的新意,在世人的眼中红字A已不再是罪恶的代表符号了。

(2)孤独,隔离(Alone and Alienation)。

因为犯了通奸罪,被人鄙弃。

她受人冷眼、嘲讽,无人容纳她,只有那阴暗的家室才能容纳她。

红“A”字又是海丝特孤独的(Alone)、与人疏远的(Alienation)生活象征。

她从监狱释放出来后,居住在城郊的一座小木屋里,与外界的联系主要是她的刺绣。

丁梅斯代尔的A是他与其他人的隔离(Alienation)。

与海丝特不同,他的隔离不是纯距离上的隔离,而是人与人灵魂思想的陌生和孤独(Alone)。

当他以他的传教方式,不只一百次地告诉人们他“完全是一团污秽,一个骗子时,”人们并没有用污辱海丝特的方式来污辱他。

相反,他们相互私语着“这个神圣的青年!”这样,他越接近他的真实,而人们就离他越远,让他独自一人徘徊在他的虚伪而又真实的世界中。

论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用

论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用《红字》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑创作的一部小说，被誉为美国文学的经典之一。

在这部小说中，霍桑运用了丰富的象征主义手法，使作品更具深意，凸显了主题。

首先，作者通过字母"A"的象征意义，揭示了主人公海岱尔的罪恶和羞耻。

海岱尔身上带有红字“A”作为标记，代表着她犯下的奸淫罪行。

这个象征物不仅是对海岱尔的惩罚，也是社会对她的审判和嘲讽。

通过这一手法，作者生动地描绘了海岱尔内心的挣扎和痛苦。

其次，作者利用红字的象征意义，突显了道德观念在社会中的束缚和压迫。

红字的存在成为一种道德标尺，让人们无法忽视海岱尔的罪行。

这种道德束缚不仅限制了她的行动，也让社会对她产生了偏见和歧视。

通过这一手法，作者反思了社会对道德的过度强调所带来的负面影响。

此外，在小说中出现的野生红花也具有象征主义的含义。

红花象征着自由、热情和生命的力量。

当海岱尔佩戴红花时，她摆脱了社会对她的压迫，展现出属于自己的力量和追求。

这一象征手法强调了个体的反抗和追求自由的重要性。

最后，作者通过大自然的描写和象征物的运用，将主题进一步拓展和深化。

大自然中的红色景观如红色的阳光、红色的树叶等，为整个故事增添了视觉上的强烈感受，并与主题紧密相关。

这种象征手法使读者能够更好地理解和感受到主人公的内心世界。

综上所述，通过《红字》中象征主义手法的运用，霍桑创作了一部思想深邃、意义丰富的作品。

作者巧妙地利用象征物体现了主人公的内心挣扎、社会的审判和道德的束缚，同时也突出了个体的反抗和追求自由。

《红字》的成功在于通过细腻的描写和准确的象征运用，将主题表达得淋漓尽致，深深地触动了读者的情感和思考。

论《红字》的象征寓意

论《红字》的象征寓意一、本文概述《红字》是19世纪美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的代表作，被誉为美国文学的经典之作。

该小说以波士顿殖民时期的社会背景为舞台，通过女主人公海丝特·白兰的悲惨遭遇和道德挣扎，深入探讨了人性、宗教、社会等复杂问题。

本文旨在分析《红字》的象征寓意，揭示霍桑如何通过象征手法，将小说的主题和深层含义巧妙地融入到故事的各个层面之中。

通过对小说中人物、物品、环境等象征元素的分析，我们能够更好地理解霍桑的创作意图，以及这部作品对后世文学和社会思想产生的深远影响。

二、《红字》的故事梗概《红字》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑于19世纪50年代创作的一部长篇小说。

作品以17世纪中期清教徒统治下的波士顿为背景，细腻地描写了女主人公海丝特·白兰因通奸罪被判在胸前佩戴象征耻辱的红色“A”字示众，在经历了长期的精神折磨后，仍坚持用道德和爱的力量感化他人，最终赢得人们的尊敬的故事。

海丝特·白兰是一个美丽而坚强的女性，她因与教会长丁梅斯代尔的爱情而犯下了通奸罪。

在那个时代，通奸是一种严重的罪行，不仅会受到法律的惩罚，还会被社会所唾弃。

海丝特被迫在胸前佩戴红色的“A”字，这个“A”字象征着她的耻辱和罪孽。

然而，海丝特并没有向命运低头。

她以坚定的信念和无私的爱，独自抚养着与丁梅斯代尔所生的女儿小珠儿。

她用自己的行动和道德力量，逐渐感化了周围的人，赢得了他们的尊敬和信任。

在这个过程中，她不仅救赎了自己，也救赎了那些曾经伤害过她的人。

教会长丁梅斯代尔是一个复杂的人物。

他一方面深爱着海丝特，另一方面又无法摆脱内心的罪恶感和社会的压力。

他在痛苦和矛盾中度过了自己的一生，最终在得知海丝特已经得到了救赎后，选择了向她坦白自己的罪行，并在悔恨中死去。

《红字》通过海丝特和丁梅斯代尔的故事，探讨了人性、道德、爱情和救赎等主题。

作品以象征手法和细腻的心理描写，展现了人性的复杂性和多面性。

霍桑《红字》中的象征主义解读

霍桑《红字》中的象征主义解读《红字》是美国文学史上的经典之作，霍桑在小说中巧妙运用了许多象征主义手法，使得小说具有深刻的寓意和内涵。

本文将从人物、颜色和场景三个方面对《红字》中的象征主义进行解读。

一、人物方面的象征意义首先，小说中的主人公赛琳娜·普林丝是象征“禁欲性”的代表人物。

她因为私通了教士，而被判穿着“A”字母的红色“罪恶”的标志，过着孤独和困苦的生活。

其次，赛琳娜的丈夫罗杰·查琳是象征“复仇”和“报应”的人物。

他在小说中一直在寻找私通者的身份，最终发现是赛琳娜，并计划复仇。

最后，小说中的教士阿瑟·德米辛是象征“双重性”的人物。

他作为教士，本应该代表着道德和伦理，但却和赛琳娜私通，暴露出他的内心深处的矛盾和欲望。

二、颜色方面的象征意义在小说中，红色是最为显眼的颜色。

它既代表着赛琳娜被判穿着的“A”字母，也代表着罗杰·查琳的心中充满的复仇欲望。

此外，红色还代表了罪恶、欲望和魔鬼等负面的含义。

与红色相反的是黑色，它代表着死亡和悲哀。

小说中描写赛琳娜·普林丝的丧葬，墓碑是黑色的，这象征着她的人生悲惨和不幸。

三、场景方面的象征意义小说中的林景是象征着赛琳娜·普林丝的内心。

在林景中，她和教士阿瑟·德米辛私通，这象征着她内心深处的欲望和矛盾。

而在小说结尾，林景又成为了赛琳娜离开世界的场所，这象征着她生命的终结和悲哀。

此外，在小说中还有许多细节的描写，如花草、阳光、天空等，都是象征着不同的含义，寓意深刻。

总之，霍桑在《红字》中运用了众多的象征主义手法，将人物、颜色和场景等元素有机地融合在一起，使得小说具有了深刻的内涵和寓意。

读者通过对这些象征意义的解读和理解，也能更好地领悟小说所表达的思想与精神。

小说《红字》的写作手法

小说《红字》的写作手法《红字》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑创作的一部著名小说，通过讲述一个被社会道德所束缚的女性，揭示了对婚姻、爱情、罪恶和道德规范的深刻思考。

以下是《红字》的几种典型的写作手法。

1. 双关暗示在《红字》中，作者使用了大量的双关暗示来增加小说的深度和复杂性。

最明显的例子就是小说的标题“红字”，既指代着女主角希斯特的一块红色的标记，也暗示着她的罪行和羞耻之情。

2. 反转与伏笔《红字》在结构上使用了大量的反转与伏笔，增加了故事的悬念和艺术效果。

最具代表性的例子就是小说的结尾，女主角希斯特被揭示为是神秘的医生罗吉尔·奇林沃思的女儿，这个伏笔一直贯穿整个小说，直到在最后才得到解答。

3. 以提问引发读者思考《红字》中屡次使用提问引发读者思考的手法，通过对道德、爱情等主题的质疑，引起读者的关注与思考。

女主角希斯特因婚外情生下私生子后一直被痛苦和孤立所折磨，小说通过这一情节，探讨了社会对道德规范的强制以及道德规范对于个体的限制。

4. 内心独白与心理描写《红字》中使用了大量的内心独白与心理描写，通过主人公的内心思想和感受来展示她的痛苦和挣扎。

这种写作手法增强了读者对主人公的共情，并使读者更加深入地了解和体验她的内心世界。

5. 象征与隐喻《红字》中使用了大量的象征与隐喻，以增强故事的表现力和意义。

女主角希斯特被迫戴着红字之后，她的命运就如同被刻上了一抹永久的标记，象征着她所犯下的罪行和受到的社会惩罚。

6. 打破时间与空间限制《红字》在叙事中打破了时间与空间的限制，通过回忆、闪回等手法，将故事的不同时间段和场景有机地结合在一起。

这种写作手法使得故事更加生动和富有张力，同时也为读者提供了多角度的观察和思考。

《红字》通过运用以上的写作手法，成功地塑造了一个深刻而细腻的人物形象，揭示了社会道德与个体自由之间的矛盾，并引发读者对于道德、罪恶和爱情等主题的深入思考。

这些手法的使用不仅丰富了故事的情节和表现，还增加了读者的阅读乐趣和思考空间。

隐喻与象征：解读《红字》中的符号意义

隐喻与象征：解读《红字》中的符号意义介绍《红字》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑于1850年出版的一部长篇小说，被认为是美国文学史上的经典之作。

小说以17世纪普利茅斯殖民地为背景，讲述了一个关于婚外恋和罪恶的故事。

本文将从隐喻和象征两个角度解读《红字》中的符号意义。

一、隐喻隐喻是一种修辞手法，通过比喻、象征等手段用一个物体或概念来暗示另一个意义。

在《红字》中，作者运用了多个隐喻来传达深层次的含义。

1. 线索在小说中，“红字”即“A”标识着主人公海瑟·普林斯特（Hester Prynne）的罪孽，同时也成为了她身份的标记。

这个符号代表着社会对她所犯过错的谴责和惩罚。

它不仅仅是一种外在标记，更象征着道德约束、罪恶感和自我承认。

2. 红字A除了代表着海瑟的罪恶，红字A也具有多重意义的隐喻。

首先，红色象征着热情、欲望和爱情。

这与小说中海瑟和她的情人阿瑟·迪姆斯代尔（Arthur Dimmesdale）之间禁忌的爱情关系相呼应。

红字A从侧面揭示了两个人内心世界的复杂性和冲突。

其次，红色还暗示了血液，象征着生命、激情和罪恶的血缘联系。

通过将红字A与海瑟女儿脸上出现的血迹联系起来，作者巧妙地展示了罪孽对家庭关系和传承的影响。

3. 明亮光芒在小说中，明亮光芒被描述为夜晚深处自由飘散的东西。

它是另一个重要的隐喻，代表着真相、正直和良知。

光芒既是一种启示，在夜幕下揭示了隐藏在黑暗中的真相；同时也是一种抗争，在社会道德约束下勇敢地寻求我们内心最真实的自我。

二、象征象征是通过具体对象、动作或场景来代表更深层次的意义。

在《红字》中，许多符号被作者使用得淋漓尽致，传达了作品中复杂而丰富的主题。

1. 红玫瑰花在小说中，红玫瑰花被描绘为一个美丽而有吸引力的对象。

它代表着恶行之后追求幸福和爱情的机会。

红玫瑰花既象征着道德堕落和罪孽，也暗示了赎罪和希望。

海瑟戴上这朵红花后，她不再抑制内心真实情感，并开始寻求自己的救赎之路。

谈《红字》中的象征手法

个天真无邪的孩子生来就遭受到社会道德的摒弃，如的东西却是清教徒们所否定的。但是海斯特对于女儿
同小说中所述 : “Pe arl wa，a bo m ou tc as t of infa nt ile wor ld 深深的爱却部分地意味着她拒绝承认自己的行为是
( 珠儿生来说是儿童世界里的一个弃儿) 此外，作者通一种罪过。“A”字在珠儿身上，便是“天使”( Ang el ) 的
也是挑起他恶念的魔鬼的旗帜。
强而勇敢，有能力、有个性，始终以乐观积极的态度对
霍桑在<红字》中塑造了美国小说中第一位真正的待这个代表耻辱的红A字。与她相反，齐灵握斯同丁梅
女英雄，这就是女主角海斯特。之所以这样说，是因为斯代尔是一样的，他也可以被看作是清教主义的牺牲
她深深地牵连着她所生活存在性别差异的社会里，是品，最终一无所得。在霍桑眼中，清教思想是一种严厉
到她的婚姻是草率的。霍桑用prUti en t( 肉欲的)谐音作为女主人公的姓氏pry n e ，揭示了罪恶的根源。其次，
pry n e也是pru ne ( 净化 ) 的谐音，霍桑不仅探究了她犯
罪的根源，也肯定了她能够负罪行善的壮举。总之，海斯特是美好爱情的象征，同时她的欲望代表她人性中霍桑认为 “恶 ”的一面，她的灵魂的净化又是霍桑竭力推崇的道德行为。
的行为。以清教徒的眼光来看，这种行为无疑等同于
并不承认自己真的有罪，进而树立起一个敢与命运抗触犯了法律，但这个孩子却是没有义务来服从这些原
争、追求自由与幸福的新妇女形象。然而，小说中的珠则的。在给予她生命的过程中，威严的法律触犯标记，被看作是“小是一个生命的出现，这个生命可能是美好而聪明的，

小说《红字》的写作手法

小说《红字》的写作手法
《红字》是一个揭示人性的故事，描写了一个女人因通奸而受到屈辱和惩罚。

在这个故事中，作者用了多种写作手法来深刻地展现人性和社会的复杂性。

1.象征主义
2.意识流和内心独白
小说中还出现了意识流和内心独白的手法。

这些技巧帮助读者更深刻地理解女主人公的内心感受、思想和动机。

作者通过这种方式，让读者了解到女主人公在面对社会的谴责时所承受的痛苦、内心的挣扎和疑虑。

这个手法不仅让人物更加立体化，同时也让人物的感情更加真实。

3.色彩主题
作者还巧妙地将颜色运用到小说中，表现出更加微妙的主题。

例如，红色象征着罪行和性爱，黑色象征着阴谋和恶意。

这些色彩运用的手法不仅美学，更深层意义的是突出主题和意义，体现出作者的深刻洞察力和强烈的美感。

4.象征与隐喻
作者还采用象征与隐喻的手法，使故事更加丰富和深刻。

例如，女主人公手中的玫瑰被视为一种负面象征，暗示她的通奸行为。

这种手法增强了故事的象征主题，深化了读者对自由、激情和罪行的理解。

总之，《红字》是一部重新界定文学的作品，它不仅揭示了人性的缺陷和社会的残酷性，而且探索了深层的象征和隐喻，使读者感受到更加深刻和意义的美感和思考。