通用版最新高考二轮复习第三板块语法填空与短文改错NO再研考点第一层级第一讲名词和冠词讲义英语

第一讲名词和冠词

在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。在语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一要根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。

（一）考点练悟（用所给词的适当形式填空）

It was late at night. Two １．________ （German）were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three thousand ２．______ （dollar）in her pocket. “What should I do？Many ３．______ （thief）usually bring ４．________ （knife）with them，” she thought in ５．________ （silent）. After two 6．________ （minute）search, the thief happened to touch a sports suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 7．________ （Frenchman）were sleeping. When he was looking for 8．________ （money）or some 9．________ （jewel）in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happeneＤ．He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual １0．________ （experience）．

答案：１．Germans ２．dollars３．thieves４．knives５．silence6．minutes' 7．Frenchmen 8．money 9．jewels/jewelry １0．experience

（二）快捷技法

思考趋向解题规则

１．可数名词复数的规则变化：

（１）一般情况下在词尾直接加­s

（２）以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加­es

（３）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变为i，再加­es

（４）以元音字母加y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加­s

（５）以o结尾的名词，无生命的常在词尾加­s，如pianos, photos；有生命的在词尾加­es，如potatoes, heroes等

（6）以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v，再加­es。如knife→knives，leaf→leaves （如题３,４）；少数直接加­s，如roof→roofs, gulf→gulfs

２．可数名词复数的不规则变化：

（１）单复数同形的名词：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means （手段）, works （工厂）, series （系列）等

（２）复数形式有特殊变化的名词：

criterion标准→criteria mouse老鼠→mice

phenomenon现象→phenomena foot脚；英尺→feet

medium传播媒介→media child孩子→children

（一）考点练悟

下文中共有6处错误，每句中最多有一处。请找出并改正。

Recently, a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall. In fact, this happens in many place of interest. I have some suggestion to solve this problem.

First, make more poster to inform the public of the damage of graffiti （涂鸦）. Besides, punishments, such as a fine, are necessary to tourists with such bad behavior. Also, I think it's helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attraction where tourists are permitted to leave messages.

I'm sure with our effort, more and more people will become concerned about protecting cultural relics.

答案：第一句：angry→anger

第二句：place→places

第三句：suggestion→suggestions

第四句：poster→posters

第六句：attraction→attractions

第七句：effort→efforts

（二）快捷技法

思考趋向解题规则

１．名词的数与格的错用根据名词前的修饰成分或者名词本身，判定名词的１．可数名词前由不定冠词a或an修饰，一般用单数形式，由数词、量词修饰一般用复数形式。

２．不可数名词没有复数形式。