考研英语翻译

4．Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

at the expense of：1. 由...支付费用2. 以...为代价3.以…为牺牲

vice versa：反之亦然

5．The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illinformed or incompetent users.

divert attention from 转移注意力；没有注意到。

lie with取决于；在于

6．Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.

7. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted

How well:多大程度;多好.

Validate:承认...为正当;确认;证实

Reliability:信度，可靠性，可信赖的Appropriateness：[ə'proprɪətnɪs]适当性，适应性

8.Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. concerning与……有关的

comparative比较而言的，相对的

validity有效性，合法性；正确，正当，确实availability可得到的东西，可利用性，可用性

9.In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated can not be well defined.

define1. 解释,给...下定义2. 规定,界定使明确3. 确定..的界线10.For example，the tests do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

how 引导一个宾语从句，其主句为how able an underprivileged youngster might have been；

还原为中文的语序为：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able;

条件状语从句：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（if被省略，had提前）

还原为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances.

翻译点拨：compensate for 弥补，补偿，赔偿

gross social inequality 明显的社会不公.gross总的总量，显著的。

and thus 因此

tell 说明

underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件不好的，下层社会的

under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下11.Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs.Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.

Accelerate[æk'sɛlə,ret] 加速，增长，促进。

12.This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that government wants to make of its