现在完成时地重点和难点

现在完成时的重点和难点
一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
1.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。

(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。

) 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today 等)连用。

例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
2.现在完成时的"未完成用法" 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一
直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。

(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。

) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。

(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。

)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。

例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.
到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间
很短的动词。

如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。

(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：
①主语＋have / has been＋for短语②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。

3、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分
为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。

如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay
等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发
生后立即结束。

如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

4、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。

表示"段时间"的短语有：
for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。

如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。

如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误)
rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。

如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，
可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。

上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如： -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right.
5、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。

如： The train has arrived.火车到
了。

Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。

因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。

如： (1)他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。

那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。

下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die →be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

如： He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。

如：You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。

5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。

when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。

而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。

如：When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。

如：误：How long have you come here? 正：How long have you been here? 正：When did you come here?
7.瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用
例如：I haven’t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。

）
延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。

(表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。

(表经历)
2)用于till / until从句的差异
作为延续动词一般用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 作为瞬间动词一般用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。

He slept tll ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。

现在完成时态中终止性动词与延续性动词英语中的动词根据词汇意义可分为动作动词和状态动词，其中动作动词又可细分为终止性动词（或称为瞬间动词、非延续性动词、非持续性动词、界限性动词）和持续性动词（或称为延续性动词）；表示动作一发生即告结束的动词叫终止性动词，表示持续一段时间的动词叫持续性动词。

这种依据动作是否可以延续的分类在英语中是一种极其重要而又非常有价值的，使用时一定要格外小心，不然就会犯错误。

一、现在完成时态的结构是have/has ＋Ｖ动词过去分词．英语中常见的终止性动词有：leave， go，come，arrive，begin，buy，borrow，die，join， become，marry，graduate，become等。

由于终止性动词所表示的动作发生与结束在一瞬间完成，所以终止性动词的完成体的肯定式既不能与表示一段时间的状语for ＋时间段或 since ＋时间点连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句之中。

例句：我哥哥参军两年了。

My brother has joined the army for two years．（误）我哥哥自1999年就参军了。

My brother has joined the army since 1999．（误）你哥哥参军多久了？How long has your brother joined the army ？（误）如用持续性动词表示瞬间的行为，则必须借助come（表示动作的渐进过程），begin， get（表示动作的变化过程）等动词。

例句： I studied English thirteen years ago．（误）I began to study English thirteen years ago．（正） When did you know him？（误） When did you get to know him ？（正）
二、终止性动词肯定形式可使用完成体，但其肯定形式的完成体不能与一段时间状语连用。

可用以下三种方法替换：⑴时态替换法将时间状语改为“时间段＋ago”，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。

例句： My brother joined the army two years ago． The old man died ten years ago． He left his hometown thirty years ago．⑵句型替换法①用It is（或has been）＋时间段＋ since…句型改写，该句型中since后面的谓语动词多为点动词，且常用一般过去时。

例句： It is（或has been）two years since my brother joined the army． It is ten years since the old man died． It is（或has been）thirty years since he left his hometown．注：Itis／hasbeen．．．since．．．句型中的动词若为持续性动词，计时的起点是since句中动词结束之点。

不然应将since句中的动词改为begin to do sth．。

例句： It's five years since he studied English．他不学英语已五年了。

It's five years since he began to study English．他学英语已五年了。

②用一段时间＋has ／have passed since S＋V-ed句型改写。

例句： Two years has ／have passed since my brother joined the army． Thirty years has ／have passed since he left his hometown．⑶动词替换法若保留for ＋时间段，since ＋时间点或用在how long句型中，需将终止性动词改为相应的持续性动词或状态动词。

例句： My brother has been in the army for two years． Jack has been a postman for about six years． When he came home，I had been asleep for three hours． Of course I know him very well because we have been friends for ages．—How long have you been here？—About two months．
三、常见终止性动词与持续性动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下： leave→be away（from）离开borrow →keep借finish ／end ／stop→be over 结束/完成 join the army→be ／serve in the army ／be a soldier入伍/参军 join the Party→be in the Party ／be a Party member 入党/（入团/入WTO等）catch ／get a cold→have a cold感冒fall asleep→be asleep 睡着 go to school→be in school ／be a student上学go abroad--- be abroad去国外 begin→be on 开始put on（上演）→be on 上演buy→have 买become→be 成为marry→be married（to）结婚 wake up→be awake 醒make friends with →be friends with成为/交朋友lose→be lost ／be missing ／be gone 丢失lose one's job ／work→be out of work ／a job open/ciose /die →be open/closed/dead 开办/关闭/死短暂性动词变延续性动词(一定变为对应的过去分词规则+ed ,不规则看过去分词表)：写出括号中的中文意思: 1).has /have joined --- has /have been (a member ) in+ 组织(加入) 2) has /have come/gone /got/ arrived --- has /have been to ( / / / ) has /have begun --- has /have been on ( ) 3) has /have borrowed --- has /have kept ( ) 4) has /have bought --- has /have had ( ) 5) has /have left --- has /have been away from ( ) 6) has /have opened /closed/died ---has /have been open /closed/dead()
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。

即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
1.答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。

再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。

2.答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
以上两种时态是时态部分难点，首先，为什么要将这两种时态放在一起讨论？
例句：1. Who put forward the suggestion?
2. When did he leave?
3. She often came to help us. （他过去常来帮我们。

）
4. I didn’t know you were so busy. （我没想到你这么忙。

）
以上各句中用的都是一般过去时，显然，说话的人是强调过去某时发生的动作或情况。

5. How many pages have you covered today?
6. I haven’t seen him for many days.
7. I’ve always walked to work.
8. The students have already left.
9. The city has taken on a new look.
10. Thank you. I’ve had my supper.
以上各句用的都是现在完成时，可以看出，与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也是发生在
过去（说话以前），但它强调的是：
1）动作从过去持续到说话这一时刻（例5---7）
2）过去的动作对现状有某种影响（例8---10），说话人强调的是现在如何。

注意在现在完成时的第一种用法中，时间状语常用for…; since…短语（从句）
如：We haven’t seen each other for many years./ since he left 10 years ago.
此时（主句）谓语动词不能用非延续性动词。

如：
* He has left home for many years.（错误）
* He has been away from home for many years. (正确)
* He has died since 1990. （错误）
* He has been dead since 1990.(正确)
1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。

说话的侧重点只在于述一件
过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。

也可表示过去习惯性的动作，不涉及与现在的关系如： He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过。

(只说明去的时间)
2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。

以及过去已开始并延续到现在的
动作，与现在有着密切的关系，不与确定的过去时间状语连用。

如： Jill has bought a new computer.
吉尔买了一台新电脑。

(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)
3. 两种时态的区分 (1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词
have /has +过去分词"。

如：The film started at 7 o’clock. He has been a teacher for many years. (2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

如：yesterday, last week, two years ago,
just now, in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。

看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？① Have you seen
the film?(A) Did you see the film?(B) [说明] 你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情
是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其容。

② How has he done
it?(A) How did he do it?(B) [说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现
在产生了某种影响； (B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。

③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B) [说明]他在住了8年。

(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在住了8年，
可能还会继续在住下去。

(B)句讲的是他在住过8年，现在不在了。

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

举例：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。

）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的容已经知道了。

）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。

）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。

）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.
(在团的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。

)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is the… that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。

This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。

两种时态的比较练习:
1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere.
--- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did ; put; put
B. have; put; put
C. did; put; have put
D. have; put; have put
2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening
B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened
3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you
B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are
D. didn’t know; have you been
4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.
A. finished; were
B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were
D. had finished; were
5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.
A. finds
B. has found
C. was found
D. has been found
6. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten
B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten
7.--- Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “
--- I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
8. --- Have you had any letters from him?
--- No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly .
A. has heard from
B. has been hearing from
C. had heard from
D. hears
Key:
1. B 前者强调的是 I can’t find it anywhere (now), 因此用现在完成时;后者强调的是I put it right here(just now).
2. C 说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.
3. D didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道.
4. C 全句含义为“我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在).
5. D 为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的容现在已被发现,为人所知.
6. B 注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况.
7. C (强调动作从过去到现在的延续，而非动作的结果)
8． B ( 非强调结果，A错；不是指目前一般的情况，D错；是指从过去延续到现在的情况，故B对。

)
比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.
(我现在已不在这里工作。

)
I have worked here for many years.
(现在我仍在这里工作。

)
小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
(错) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six
years.
2since用法编辑1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。

I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
现在完成时
1：
1) since + 时间点/从句；2) for + 时间段；3)“过去某时到现在”如today, this year, so far, up to now等；4)“最近几世纪/年/月”in the past few years, during the last three months；
5 副词lately, recently, already, yet, before等。

.
(3) 用法：
1) 延续：表示一种从过去开始并一直延续到现在的情况：
We have known each other since we were nine or ten.
我们自九岁或十岁时就相识相知。

The strike has continued for several weeks.罢工已经持续了几个星期。

Up to now, the work has been easy.到目前为止，工作还算容易。

She has been away from school during the last few weeks.这几周，她一直没来学校。

注意：如果没有延续性的时间状语，表示这件事曾经发生过：
I have been to the ruins of Pompeii.我曾去过庞培古城。

Tom has lived in Beijing. That was ten years ago. He is now living in New York.
汤姆曾经在住过，但这是十年前的事了，他现在住在纽约。

2) 重复：表示现在之前重复发生的某个动作：
I have met many old friends since I came back from Britain.
自我从英国回来之后已经遇到很多老朋友。

So far this semester, we have had five tests.
这个学期到目前为止，我们已经测试了五次。

I have watched the movie Avator many times.
我看阿凡达这部电影已经好多遍了。

I have written my wife an every day for the last two weeks.
在过去的两周里，我每天给我的妻子写一封信。

注意：现在完成时态的重复具有“将来可重复性”，而一般过去时并不具有：
I have drunk three cups of coffee this morning.
此句含义是：今天上午到现在为止（尚未过去），我已经喝了三杯咖啡，有可能还会喝更多。

I drank three cups of coffee this morning.
此句含义是：今天上午（已过）我喝了三杯咖啡，不可能喝更多的咖啡。

3) 影响：一个过去发生的短暂事件没有“延续”或“重复”到现在，但它的影响持续到了现在：1) 常与模糊的时间状语连用：
We have never seen each other before.
我们之前从未见过彼此。

The agents have already got the address of the terrorists.
情报人员已获悉那些恐怖分子的住址。

2) 它的肯定式通常不与持续的时间状语连用：
Tom has fallen in love, and that's why he's becoming excited.
汤姆坠入爱河，这就是他兴奋的原因。

He knows Africa very well, for he has been over Africa.
他非常了解非洲，因为他曾经走遍了非洲。

3) 它的否定式可与持续的时间状语连用：
I haven't heard from him for ages.
我已很久没有收到他的来信了。

I haven't seen a piece of meat for weeks.
我已几周没吃过肉了。

11. - Anna, have you____seen China’s Got Talent（达人秀）？
-Of course .
it last weekend.（2013年成宁卷）
A. never ;saw
B. ever; have seen
C. never; have seen
D. ever; saw
12.- Have you had your breakfast yet? -Yes. Mom ___it for me.（2013年卷）
A. was cooking
B.is cooking
C.will cook
D.cooked
Key: 1~5 DDBAB
6—10 DDBAC
11～12 DD
三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。

涉及的考点有：
一、考查其构成 "助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。

如： 1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she 析：述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。

2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句) His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。

3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。

二、考查其用法与标志词
(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。

如： 1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -______you______ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished
2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______ A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed 析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。

(二)当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。

如： 1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before
C. since
D. for 析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。

2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。

3. I______a letter from him since he left. A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard 析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。

三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。

have/has been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在人已经不在那儿了；have/has gone to表示“已
去了某地”，说话时，该人已不在现场，可能在去某地的途中，也可能已经到达目的地，一般不用第一、二人称作主语。

注意：后接地点副词时，介词to要省略；have beenin表示“某人在某地”，去了某个地方或来到了某个地方多久。

【中考题例】
8.-1s Tom at home?
-No, he___to town. （2013年卷）
A. has been
B.has gone
C.goes
D.will go
9. A number of tourists
.Yangzhou many times because it is，such a beautiful city.（2013年卷）
A. have been to
B.has been to
C. has gone to
D.have gone to
10.-Jack,I haven’t seen your uncle for a lortg time.
-He________Shanghai on business for two months.（2013年随州卷）
A. went tO
B.has gone to
C. has been in
D.has been to
如： 1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?
-Yes, I have.
A. went to
B. gone to
C. been in
D. been to
析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。

2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been
析：本题句中有"for+段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。

四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。

如： 1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)
析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。

故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's
ten years since Sun's aunt went there.
2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句) ________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city. 析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。

3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.
A. lost
B. don't lose
C. have lost
D. is coming 析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。

现在完成时态考点归纳
“过影现”表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

此时，常与时间副词already （已经），yet（还；已经），just（刚刚；仅仅），ever（曾经），never（从不），before（以前）等连用。

注意：already常用于肯定句中，yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”。

如：She has lost her bike.她把自行车丢了。

（“丢”这个动作是过去发生的，对现在造成的结果是“她现在没有自行车骑了”。

）I’ve already read this book.我已经读过这本书了。

（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“我已知道书中的容”。

）【中考题例】
1. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she____the film.（2013年卷）
A. sees
B.saw
C. will see
D. has seen
2.- Have you finished your homework?
____.Just half of it.How about you?（2013年卷）
A. Not at all
B. Not likely
C.Not a bit
D. Not yet
3.- Your shoes are so old Why don’t you buy a new pair? - Because I____all my money on an MP5.（2013年卷）
A.spend
B.have spent
C. am spending
D.was spending
二、考查现在完成时的用法之二“过延现”
“过延现”表示过去已经开始，延续到现在的动作或状态，甚至还可能继续延续下去。

常与for 或slnce引出的时间状语连用，动词必须是延续性动词。

如：live，study，work，be，wait，know，stay，teach，keep，walk，sleep等。

注意：for为介词，后面要接“一段时间”；smce用作介词时，后面接“过。