gerund_and_infinitive11分词 和不定式
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to adapt 1. I’m afraid it’ll be very hard for you _________ (adapt) this story for children. thinking 2. After __________ (think) everything over, she decided _______________ (not resign) her post. not to resign annoyed 3. You’d better not get __________ (annoy) at his ignorance. 4. All of us are satisfied, since everything seems to be going _____________(go) on smoothly.
定语
•
The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name? a broken vase • I have 5 books. a sleeping boy • They made paper flowers. • The boy in the room is Jack. •It is a swimming pool.
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． • 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式， 在分词和过去分词充当． 在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king. • Leave the door open. •We found John out when we arrived. • Make yourself at home. • I saw him enter the hall. • The boss keeps them working all day. • I heard my name called.
Gerunds and Infinitives
1) 主语（subject） 主语（ ） 句子的主体，全句述说的对象。 句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由 担任, 名词,代词 动词不定式,动名词 常置于句首。 担任 名词 代词 ,动词不定式 动名词 ,常置于句首。 动词不定式 I like football. The boy needs a pen.
She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you.
2)v+只跟doing finish/complete / enjoy/ mind/ practise/ consider/ suggest/advise/ miss/ avoid/ admit/ forbid/understand/… Keep (on)/ give up/ insist on /succeed in/ feel like / put off/ be worth/ be used to / look forward to … I enjoy playing basketball. She practises playing the piano for an hour every day. He advised going on a trip to Guangzhou. He advised us to go on a trip to Guangzhou.
Io help me. It was careless of him to make such a mistake.
达标练习
1.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.
• 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语，汉语中 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语， 常用‘ 定语用来修饰名词或代词． 常用‘……的’表示定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容 的 表示定语用来修饰名词或代词 代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 分词都可以充当定语．
性格adj： 性格 ：nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful, careful, careless… It is very important for us to learn English. It is difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time.
3)V+to do/doing 区别不大。 begin /start /like/love/hate/dislike… 4)v+to do/doing 区别很大 forget /remember/regret/stop /go on try/can’t help/need
作状语
不定式：作目的、结果（ 之后） 之后） 不定式：作目的、结果（only之后）和原因（v./adj.之后） 之后 和原因（ 之后 分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首） 分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首） She came back to get her English book. The boy was too frightened to move.
• He studies hard. • He laughed at his classmates. • I am a student.
宾语
• 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词，代词， 不定式，动名词，在谓语动词之后． 语，不定式，动名词，在谓语动词之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me. How many dictionaries do you have? She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
to try 5. It might be better __________ (try) discussing ______________ (discuss) in his own language as speaking he isn’t used to _____________(speak) in English yet. Seen 6. _________(see) from the hilltop, the lake is extremely beautiful. to open 7. If you couldn’t get anything _________ (open) the beer bottle with, why not ________ (try) try __________(open) it with your teeth. opening 8. When I open the door I noticed someone sitting talking _________(sit) by her side ____________(talk) with her.
状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词． 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 也可由从句来充当． 也可由从句来充当．
宾语补足语
Infinitives
(not) to do
To do that sort of thing is foolish。 主语 。 I want to see you this evening. 宾语 All you have to do is (to) finish it quickly. 表语 We found a house to live in. 定语 She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 状语 宾补
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． 系动词后面 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.
3)例外： 3)例外： 例外 It is no good /no use /no help + doing sth. It is no use arguing about it.
作宾语 1) v+只跟 do 只跟to 只跟
learn /agree/ask/pretend/ promise/plan/intend/hope/wish/ decide/ refuse/ fail/ manage …
作主语
1)常用动名词 1)常用动名词 Learning English is very important. 2)用it作形式主语用不定式 2)用it作形式主语用不定式
(It + be + adj. / n. + to do sth)
It is important to learn English.
He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen.
I got to the station only to find the train had left. I am glad to see you. I’m sorry to trouble you.
动词不定式的复合结构： 动词不定式的复合结构： 1)for sb. to do sth 2) (It is +性格 性格adj+)of sb. to do sth 性格
谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样， 说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由动词 动词短语构成 构成． 或动词短语构成．
• • • • I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
Gerunds
• • • • • After a preposition, choose a gerund. I usually rest after cycling. She passed her exam by working hard. Eat something before taking your medicine. Thank you for asking.
4) 表语 表语（predicative） 用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。 n.、 用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.、 adj.、 担任。置于系动词之后。 adj.、adv. 担任。置于系动词之后。 He is a student. He is clever/here.
表语： 表语：
定语
•
The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name? a broken vase • I have 5 books. a sleeping boy • They made paper flowers. • The boy in the room is Jack. •It is a swimming pool.
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． • 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式， 在分词和过去分词充当． 在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king. • Leave the door open. •We found John out when we arrived. • Make yourself at home. • I saw him enter the hall. • The boss keeps them working all day. • I heard my name called.
Gerunds and Infinitives
1) 主语（subject） 主语（ ） 句子的主体，全句述说的对象。 句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由 担任, 名词,代词 动词不定式,动名词 常置于句首。 担任 名词 代词 ,动词不定式 动名词 ,常置于句首。 动词不定式 I like football. The boy needs a pen.
She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you.
2)v+只跟doing finish/complete / enjoy/ mind/ practise/ consider/ suggest/advise/ miss/ avoid/ admit/ forbid/understand/… Keep (on)/ give up/ insist on /succeed in/ feel like / put off/ be worth/ be used to / look forward to … I enjoy playing basketball. She practises playing the piano for an hour every day. He advised going on a trip to Guangzhou. He advised us to go on a trip to Guangzhou.
Io help me. It was careless of him to make such a mistake.
达标练习
1.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.
• 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语，汉语中 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语， 常用‘ 定语用来修饰名词或代词． 常用‘……的’表示定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容 的 表示定语用来修饰名词或代词 代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 分词都可以充当定语．
性格adj： 性格 ：nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful, careful, careless… It is very important for us to learn English. It is difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time.
3)V+to do/doing 区别不大。 begin /start /like/love/hate/dislike… 4)v+to do/doing 区别很大 forget /remember/regret/stop /go on try/can’t help/need
作状语
不定式：作目的、结果（ 之后） 之后） 不定式：作目的、结果（only之后）和原因（v./adj.之后） 之后 和原因（ 之后 分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首） 分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首） She came back to get her English book. The boy was too frightened to move.
• He studies hard. • He laughed at his classmates. • I am a student.
宾语
• 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词，代词， 不定式，动名词，在谓语动词之后． 语，不定式，动名词，在谓语动词之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me. How many dictionaries do you have? She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
to try 5. It might be better __________ (try) discussing ______________ (discuss) in his own language as speaking he isn’t used to _____________(speak) in English yet. Seen 6. _________(see) from the hilltop, the lake is extremely beautiful. to open 7. If you couldn’t get anything _________ (open) the beer bottle with, why not ________ (try) try __________(open) it with your teeth. opening 8. When I open the door I noticed someone sitting talking _________(sit) by her side ____________(talk) with her.
状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词． 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 也可由从句来充当． 也可由从句来充当．
宾语补足语
Infinitives
(not) to do
To do that sort of thing is foolish。 主语 。 I want to see you this evening. 宾语 All you have to do is (to) finish it quickly. 表语 We found a house to live in. 定语 She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 状语 宾补
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． 系动词后面 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.
3)例外： 3)例外： 例外 It is no good /no use /no help + doing sth. It is no use arguing about it.
作宾语 1) v+只跟 do 只跟to 只跟
learn /agree/ask/pretend/ promise/plan/intend/hope/wish/ decide/ refuse/ fail/ manage …
作主语
1)常用动名词 1)常用动名词 Learning English is very important. 2)用it作形式主语用不定式 2)用it作形式主语用不定式
(It + be + adj. / n. + to do sth)
It is important to learn English.
He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen.
I got to the station only to find the train had left. I am glad to see you. I’m sorry to trouble you.
动词不定式的复合结构： 动词不定式的复合结构： 1)for sb. to do sth 2) (It is +性格 性格adj+)of sb. to do sth 性格
谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样， 说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由动词 动词短语构成 构成． 或动词短语构成．
• • • • I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
Gerunds
• • • • • After a preposition, choose a gerund. I usually rest after cycling. She passed her exam by working hard. Eat something before taking your medicine. Thank you for asking.
4) 表语 表语（predicative） 用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。 n.、 用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.、 adj.、 担任。置于系动词之后。 adj.、adv. 担任。置于系动词之后。 He is a student. He is clever/here.
表语： 表语：