(16级)三副英语评估会话(19年1月整理)(1)

航海英语评估会话参考答案（二/三副）
（2019年1月整理）
广州航海学院海运学院
目录
第一部分朗读1篇（20分, 题库共41篇，见第四版教材） (3)
第二部分口述题 1个（20分, 题库共66个） (24)
第1章公共用语 (24)
第2章船舶口令 (26)
第3章靠泊与锚泊业务 (27)
第4章装卸作业 (29)
第5章航行 (30)
第6章修船与船体保养 (32)
第7章事故处理 (33)
第8章消防与船员自救（海上救助） (35)
第9章救助（海上通信） (36)
第10章遇险（海盗袭击） (37)
第11章港口国检查 (40)
第12章船舶保安 (43)
第三部分问答题 10小题（每小题6分共60分，题库共286小题） (45)
第1章公共用语 (45)
第3章靠泊与锚泊业务 (46)
第4章装卸作业 (48)
第5章航行 (49)
第6章修船与船体保养 (51)
第7章事故处理 (52)
第8章消防与船员自救 (54)
第9章救助 (55)
第10章遇险 (57)
第11章港口国检查 (58)
第12章船舶保安 (60)
补充问答题94 (62)
航海英语听力与会话二/三副评估：会话部分参考答案
航海英语听力与会话评估分为听力和会话两部分，考试时间为1小时。

听力部分共100分，有三部分：第一部分：单句30分（3分×10小题）；第二部分：对话30分（3分×10小题）；第三部分：短文40分（2.5分×16小题, 四篇短文)。

会话部分共100分，有三部分：第一部分：朗读20分，第二部分：口述20分，第三部分：问答60分（6分×10小题）。

听力和会话部分需同时达到60分，整个航海英语听力与会话评估才视为合格。

（沿海航区听力第一部分为词汇题。

）
航海英语听力与会话评估题库共有12章。

听力部分播放次数为两次。

会话部分的问答题播放次数也为两次。

无限航区的问答题不显示问题，沿海航区问答题则有显示问题。

第一部分朗读1篇（20分, 题库共41篇，见第四版教材）
第二部分口述题1个（20分, 题库共66个）
第1章公共用语
1．Please say something about your hometown.
a) The geographical position, population, and features of your hometown.
b) The environment and customs of your hometown.
c) The specialties of your hometown.
My hometown is located in the southeast part of China.
It is a seashore city.
There are about 3 million people in my hometown.
My hometown is developing very fast.
The environment in my hometown is very good.
People keep their traditional customs.
Fishery industry is important to my hometown.
It is a major fishery products providing place in China.
Nowadays, my hometown has rapid development in tourism.
Thousands of tourists from different parts of China and other countries visit my hometown. And people’s living standard has been improved greatly.
I am very proud of my hometown.
2. Please say something about yourself.
a) Your name, age, rank, working experiences, hobbies.
b) Your daily work.
c) Your spare time activities.
My name is____________.
I am_________ years old.
I am from_________ province.
I am a student majoring in navigation in Guangzhou Maritime College.
I will graduate in the year _______.
I go to class to learn some navigational subjects from Monday to Friday.
In the evening, I usually review my lessons.
Sometimes, I go to downtown to buy something.
During my spare time, I usually read novels or do some sports.
I like playing basketball and football very much.
Life at school is interesting to me.
I will work hard to master the basic navigational knowledge and skills.
I am confident that I will become a qualified seafarer in the future.
3. Say something about your family.（2014年1月考到）
a) Members of your family.
b) Their occupations.
c) Their hobbies and characteristics.
There are _____ people in my family.
My grandpa, grandma, father, mother, brother, sister and me.
My father is a worker( farmer, teacher, doctor, company staff, government staff, seafarer)
My mother is a ___________.(housewife)
They work very hard to support my education at school.
I am very thankful to them.
My father likes reading newspaper very much.(watching TV, playing cards)
My mother likes shopping very much.
My father and mother are very kind.
My father is not so outgoing and he talks little.
My mother is outgoing and she talks a lot.
I love my family very much.
4. Your favorite port you have called at.（2014年1月考到）
a) A simple introduction of the port.
b) Reasons why you like it.
c) Anything special about it.
My favorite port is Singapore port.
Singapore port is located in the south coast of the Singapore Island.
It is the largest cargo transhipment port in the Asian and Pacific region.
And it is one of the busiest ports in the world.
Its cargo throughput always ranks in the world top-tens.
I like Singapore port because the procedure for ship’s entry and departure is simple and rapid. Besides, there are modern and complete port facilities in the port.
High technologies and effective measures are applied in the port operation management.“Highly effective is the special feature of Singapore port.
a) Your position on board.
b) Your daily work on board.
c) Your duties on board.
My position on board is Third Officer.
My daily work on board includes:
--Keeping navigational watch when the ship is at sea.
--My watch is from 8 to 12 a.m. and from 8 to 12 p.m.
--While the vessel is in port, my watch focuses on cargo operations, fire watches, security watches, monitoring communications, and monitoring the anchor or mooring lines.
--While the ship is entering or leaving port, I shall be on the bridge to assist operation.
My duties on board includes:
--Taking care of all lifesaving and fire fighting equipment.
--Keeping the safety equipment record book and ship’s logbook.
--Working out the contingency plan for the whole ship.
As a Third Officer, my post is very important on board.
6. Please describe the career at sea.（2014年1月考到）
a)the career at sea
b) how do you like the career at sea
c) the captain’s responsibility
After I graduate from Guangzhou Maritime Institute, I will begin my career at sea.
I will work as a seaman and go with the ship around the world.
I like to start my career at sea, because I think I can travel around the world when I am still young.
I have more chance to experience different cultures and people.
By working on ship. I will know more about cargo shipping, port business and logistics. Besides, I will be well paid off.
One day, I will become a captain.
The captain is responsible for everything on board ship, including the safety of cargo and crew. And he has the overall right to make any decision under rules and regulations.
第2章船舶口令
Task1: Ship’s orders
a.the basic ship’s orders
mon ship’s orders in each category
c.caution in executing the orders
There are four kinds of common ship’s orders, such as wheel orders, engine orders, anchoring orders, mooring orders.
The common wheel orders include Midships, Port five, Steady and so on.
The common engine orders include Full ahead, Stop engines, Standby engine and so on.
The common anchoring orders include Standby port anchor for letting go, Let go port anchor, Anchor is aweigh and so on.
The common mooring orders include Heave on headline, Single up headline, Let go headline and so on.
The caution in executing the orders is that: All these ship’s orders should be given clearly, repeated, carried out and reported correctly and immediately.
Task 2:Ship’s Anchoring Operation
a.responsibilities of the crew involved
b.basic anchoring orders and meanings
3. any other relevant information pertaining to anchoring
In anchoring operation the captain gives the orders.
The chief officer and carpenter carry out the orders on the spot and report accordingly.
There are many anchoring orders, for example,
Stand by port/starboard/both anchors for letting go. It means stand by relevant anchors for letting go.
Let go port/starboard/both anchors. It means “Drop the relevant anchors accordingly.”
Stand by for heaving up. It means “Get ready to pick up the anchor.”
The length of the anchor cable should be five to seven times the depth of water.
The operators should hoist the anchor signals according to the COLREG.
Task3：Ship’s Mooring and Unmooring Operation
a.responsibilities of the crew involved
b.basic mooring and unmooring orders
c.safety and other relevant information relating to mooring and unmooring operation
The captain gives the mooring and unmooring order.
The chief officer and the second officer carry out the orders and report accordingly.
There are many mooring and unmooring orders, for example, Send out the headlines; Make fast fore and aft ; Stop heaving; Single up headline and so on.
The operators should check the lines regularly and ensure that they are in good condition.
The crew members should put on the gloves, helmet, safety shoes and so on.
第3章靠泊与锚泊业务
1.Describe the responsibilities as a watch officer while the ship is at anchor?
（2014年1月考到）
a) Regular operations for anchor watch.
b) Emergency handling in case of dragging.
c) Conclusion .
If I am the officer on duty while the ship is at anchor.
The regular operations for anchor watch are as follows:
I shall keep a proper lookout.
I shall make inspections round the ship regularly. (from time to time)
I shall take the anchor position from time to time.
I shall check the situation of the anchor chains.
And I shall pay attention to the movement of other ships nearby.
I shall pay attention to the change of wind direction and speed, tide and seas.
In case of dragging anchor, I will inform the Master immediately.
And take emergency measures according to the Master’s orders.
During the anchor watch, we must be very responsible.
2.Describe the proper way of using VHF?（2014年1月考到）
a) How to operate VHF set properly.
c) Rules of using VHF Channel 16 .
VHF stands for very high frequency.
It is very important on board. VHF是重要的设备。

It is used to communicate with other ships and the port. 用于船舶之间通讯。

First, turn on the power. 开电源。

Then, choose a correct channel. 选择正确的频道。

Press the transmitting button to speak. 按下发送按钮。

Speak slowly and clearly. 慢速且清晰
Use the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases/SMCP 使用国际海事组织的《标准航海通信用语》Do not make non-essential transmissions. 不要做无关重要的对话。

Do not use offensive language. 不要用不文明的语言。

Do not call on channel 16 other than distress. 除非遇险情况下，否则不要使用16频道呼叫。

3. Describe the procedures before arrival at a port.（2014年1月考到）
a) The preparations from the bridge.
b) The preparations from the engine room.
c) The preparations from the deck.
Before a vessel arrives at a port, some preparation work must be done.
Inform the agent at the port about the ship’s ETA.
Ask the agent to arrange berthing, pilot, tug and so on.
Prepare the documents and certificates required for inspections.
Test and record all navigational equipment.
Gather/collect detailed information of the port such as fairway, tides and currents.
Inform the engine room about ETA.
Arrange mooring ropes on the deck.
Prepare cargo gears.
Remind the crew to obey the port rules and regulations.
4. Describe the procedures before leaving at a port.（旧）
a) The preparations from the bridge .
b) The preparations from the engine room .
c) The preparations from the deck .
Before a vessel leaves a port, some preparation work must be done.
Inform the agent at the port about the ship’s ETD.
Ask the agent to arrange unberthing, pilot, tug and so on.
Prepare the documents and certificates required for port clearance.
All navigational equipment should be tested and recorded.
Close and secure the hatch covers.
Lash and secure the goods.
Check the seaworthiness of the holds.
Inform the engine room about ETD.
Recover mooring ropes on the deck.
Recover and secure cargo gears.
5．Describe the procedures of pilotage（2014年1月考到）
a) The general procedures for pilot request .
b) The preparations for receiving the pilot .
c) The general rules for pilotage .
If a vessel requires pilotage in a port,
She can ask her agent to arrange the pilotage 24 hours in advance.
The vessel should provide the pilot station with the following information:
The vessel should inquire the pilot station about the time for pilot to embark and the place to pick up pilot. An Officer and a sailor should be appointed to stand by at pilot ladder when pilot embarks.
Lifebuoy, heaving line, manropes should be prepared beside the pilot ladder.
The pilot ladder should be clean and in good condition.
The pilot ladder should be rigged on leeside, clear of outlets.
The Master of the ship has the final responsibility on the ship even when the pilot is on the bridge.
第4章装卸作业
1. Describe the procedures of carrying dangerous cargo on board.（2014年1月考到）
a) The acquisition of information about the dangerous cargo .
b) Procedures on loading and discharging .
c) Maintenance during the voyage .
There are nine classes of dangerous cargoes, such as explosive, gas, flammable, toxic cargoes.
Declare the dangerous cargos. 申报危险货物。

Verify their classes. 验证等级。

Clean the hold thoroughly/completely。

彻底清理货舱。

Take measures to ensure safety。

采取措施保证安全。

Follow the right handling procedures and safety requirements：遵循以下装卸程序
1）stow them on deck 装于甲板
2）check them at intervals 定时检查
3）throw them overboard if in danger 如果有危险，弃货
During the voyage, dangerous cargo shall be inspected from time to time.
2.Describe the precautions before entering an enclosed space.
a) The potential dangers in an enclosed space .
b) The normal procedures .
c) The important precautions .
Before entering an enclosed space, we must take some precautions.
The potential dangers in an enclosed space are toxic fumes/air and the lacking of oxygen.
The normal procedures for entering an enclosed space are that:
First, check whether the oxygen is enough or not;
You can use an oxygen indicator;
Second, check whether there are toxic fumes or not.
Third, decide whether ventilation is needed or not.
The enclosed space must be well ventilated,
Otherwise we must wear breathing apparatus before entering.
Before entering the enclosed space, make sure there is another crew waiting outside.
3.Describe the procedures of cargo stowage.
a) The acquisition of information about the cargo to be carried .
b) The principles and considerations on navigation safety .
c) The modification of stowage plan .
First, calculate the stowage factor.计算积载因素
Then, work out the cargo plan. 做货物配载图
Taken into account the cargo’s nature, discharging schedule.考虑货物的特性，卸货流程。

Some cargo needs segregation to protect them against tainting damage.有些货物需要隔离，免受损坏。

During loading, the cargo work should be supervised by an officer.装货期间，驾驶员要监督装货工作。

And the stowage plan needs modification to ensure the stability of the vessel.
After completion of loading, the cargo must be checked to detect if there is any leakage or damage.
During voyage, the goods should also be checked at regular intervals.
航行期间，要定期检查货物。

4.Describe the actions to be taken in case of an oil spill on board.（2014年1月考到）
a) The initial responses .
b) The actions following up according to the SOPEP on board .
c) The precautions to be taken .
The initial responses for an oil spill on board are sound the alarm at once. 首先响警报。

According to the SOPEP, five emergency teams will be formed.按船舶油污应急计划形成5个应急分队They are the command and communication team, clean-up team, collecting team, engine-room team and rescue team.分别是通讯队，清理队，收集队，机舱队和救援队。

As to the handling of oil spill, typical procedures are as follows.
Stop all oil transfer operations at once.停止所有输油作业
Shut off all the valves on the pipeline.关闭阀门
Inform the oil supply barge or installation with details.通知供油船
Clean up the oil spill on the deck.清理甲板溢油
If necessary, ask for onshore assistance to combat/fight the pollution.如果有必要，寻求岸上帮助
During oil transfer operations, we should monitor the operation closely.
5.Describe how to ensure a proper stowage of general cargo.
a) General factors to be taken into account in cargo stowage .
b) Special considerations for cargo stowage .
First, the cargo plan should be worked out according to the stowage factor and specific gravity.
The cargo nature, discharging schedule should also be taken into account.
Some cargo needs segregation to protect them against damage.
During loading, the cargo work should be supervised by an officer.
If the cargo is in poor condition, a remark should be inserted in the mate receipt.
The cargo plan needs modification to ensure the stability of the vessel.
After completion of loading, the cargo must be secured and lashed.
And the vessel must be in a good sea-going trim.
During voyage, the goods should also be checked at regular intervals to detect if there is any leakage or damage. 第5章航行
1 Describe the duties of the watch-keeping officer when underway.
a)General rules as to watch-keeping .
b)Items to be checked and monitored each watch.
c)Special attention for bridge watch-keeping.
When the vessel is underway, t he OOW shall ensure safe navigation of the ship.
He must not leave the bridge during the watch.
He must call the captain when in any doubt or in restricted/poor visibility or congested waterways.
During the watch, the items to be check are ship’s position, speed, and course.
He must monitor the status of navigational equipment and the movement of other vessels nearby.
Arrange proper lookout when necessary.
Make proper records during the watch.
Pay special attention to avoid collision, stranding/grounding and other dangers to navigation.
Pay attention to the state of weather, visibility, traffic density and so on.
2.Describe the bridge shift change.
a) The conditions which must be satisfied before taking over a bridge watch .
b) The procedures for shift change.
c) Special attention for shift change.
During bridge shift change, the relieved officer shall ensure that the relieving officer is able to perform his duty.确保接班驾驶员能履行职责
At night time, he shall ensure that the relieving officer’s vision is fully adjusted to the night condition.
夜间换班，确保接班驾驶员的视觉已完全习惯夜间状态
The procedures for shift change are that:
The relieved officer shall tell the relieving officer about the ship’s navigation status, such as
交班驾驶员应当告知接班驾驶员船舶的航行状态，如：
The ship’s position, course, speed, or any danger to navigation.
He shall ensure that the relieving officer fully understand all standing orders or the Master’s night orders.
The relieving officer shall check the ship’s position, course and speed;
be aware of the tides, currents, weather, visibility;
note the status of all bridge equipment;
note the movement of other vessels nearby.
special attention for shift change is to make sure everything is clearly stated and understood.
3. Describe the differences between navigation in a narrow channel and in a traffic separation scheme.
a) The rules in navigating in a narrow channel .
b) The rules in navigating in a traffic separation scheme .
c) The major differences in terms of technical navigation.
Rule 9 of COLREG/collision regulations specifies/states rules for vessel navigating in a narrow channel.
In a narrow channel, a vessel shall proceed near to the starboard limit of the channel if it is safe and possible.
A vessel shall avoid crossing a narrow channel.在狭水道沿航道右缘行驶,要避免穿越狭水道。

Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, (如果情况容许)avoid anchoring in a narrow channel. Rule10 of COLREG specifies rules for vessel navigating in a traffic separation scheme.
In a traffic separation scheme a vessel shall proceed in the general direction of the traffic flow of that traffic lane.沿船舶总流方向行驶
But usually she will proceed along the centerline of the traffic lane and shall keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone. 沿着航道中间线行驶，远离通航分隔线或通航分隔带
This is different from narrow channel navigation.
4.Describe advantages of various tools or technologies for proper lookout.
（2014年1月考到）
a) The features of radar observation .
b) The advantages of visual lookout .
c) The correct uses of various tools or technologies .
There are various/different kinds of tools or technologies for keeping a proper lookout at sea.
Radar can detect the presence of an object within its working range in various weather conditions.
各种天气下，在量程范围内可探测到物标的出现
The bearing and distance of the object are noted and plotted. 可记录和标绘物标的方位和距离
But radar cannot tell the shape, size or height of the object.无法呈现物标的形状、大小和高低
Besides, radar has blind sectors, so we cannot rely totally on the detection of radar. 有盲区
Visual lookout can discover object and find out its shape, size and height.
But this can only be possible within a certain distance in favorable weather conditions.
Therefore, in some circumstances/cases, lookout should be stationed even when radar is in operation. Different tools or technologies have their respective advantages and disadvantages,
so we should use all available means to keep a proper lookout in order to ensure safe navigation.
4.Describe the preparations to be done by the Deck Department prior to arrival
a) General introduction of the responsibilities of Deck Department in pre-arrival situation .
b) Preparations to be done prior to arrival .
Before a vessel arrives at a port, some preparation work must be done.
Inform the agent at the port about the ship’s ETA.
Ask the agent to arrange berthing, pilot, tug and so on.
Prepare the documents and certificates required for inspections.
All navigational equipment should be tested and recorded.
Arrange mooring ropes on the deck.
Prepare cargo gears.
Inform the engine room about ETA.
Gather detail information of the port such as fairway, tides and currents.
Remind the crew to obey the port rules and regulation.
第6章修船与船体保养
1 Describe the formalities before carrying out a ship’s repair.
a) The necessity of carrying out a ship’s repair .
b) The formalities before a ship’s repair begins .
c) Special attention paid to the repair .
After a period of operation, a ship as well as its equipment needs repairing in order to keep it in an efficient state. Usually the Company will inform the Captain of ship repair three months in advance.
Then the Captain will instruct the Chief Officer and the Chief Engineer to compile repair lists with relevant personnel.
If any replacement is necessary and no corresponding spare is on board,spare order lists should also be compiled. The repair lists, spare order lists and store lists for ship repair will be sent to the Company for approval. Preparations including fire-protection preparations should be made before the ship repair.
2. Describe the procedures of carrying out hull maintenance .
a) The preparations before carrying out hull maintenance .
b) The contents of hull maintenance .
c) The cautions to be taken while carrying out hull maintenance .
Hull maintenance includes cleaning, derusting, painting and maintenance of deck equipment
船体保养包括清洁，除锈，涂漆和甲板机械的保养
To ensure the ship to proceed in good condition, prolong serving time and reduce repair cost, the ship repair must be carried out.
为了确保船舶在良好状态下行驶，延长使用寿命和减少维修成本，必须要进行修船
Before maintenance, preparations shall be made.
维修之前，应做好准备
The rusted area shall be scraped to bare metal
生锈的地方必须除白
The operators shall be in proper distance and use suitable tools to prevent being hurt.
工作人员必须在安全距离内使用适当的工具防止受伤
After derusting, do some cleaning and apply anti-corrosive paint in time.除锈之后，进行清洁并及时涂上防锈漆
3. Describe the procedures of carrying out an overhaul for navigational aids .
a) The necessity of carrying out overhaul for navigational aids .
b) The contents of the overhaul .
c) The cautions to be taken.
(Describe the necessity of carrying out overhaul for navigational aids
Describe the contents of carrying out overhaul for navigational aids
Navigational aids play an important role in ensuring the ship’s safety navigation.
It is very necessary to carry out periodical overhaul for them.
Important navigational aids include radar, compass, GPS, AIS, GMDSS and so on.
The contents of the overhaul normally include:
Checking the effective operation of these aids;
Checking the important parts of the navigational aids,
Repairing or replacing the faulty parts.
In overhauling, the cautions to be taken are safety prevention.
4. Describe the procedures of carrying out the maintenance of riggings .
a) The preparations before carrying out the maintenance of riggings .
b) The contents of the maintenance of riggings .
c) The cautions to be taken while carrying out the maintenance .
It is very necessary to carry out the maintenance of riggings on board ship.
Some preparations must be done before the maintenance.
Prepare necessary tools and materials.
The contents of the maintenance of riggings include:
Finding out any rust marks on the wire rope and fittings;
Replace any broken items/parts;
Adjust the tension of the wires properly.
In overhauling, the cautions to be taken are safety prevention.
第7章事故处理
1 Describe the procedures in handling fire on board.
a) The alarms .
b) The measures taken after the fire has been extinguished .
c) Your position and function during fire-fighting .
If there is fire on board, the correct procedures include:
First, sound the fire alarm at once.
Then inform the bridge and master.
Rescue person in danger.
If possible, use the proper extinguishers at hand to fight the fire.
The measures taken after the fire has been extinguished includes:
Check the fire spot carefully to ensure that there is no remaining flame.
Post watchmen to prevent any re-ignition.
If there is re-ignition, put out the re-ignition.
As a third officer, during fire fighting, I am the leader of the fire fighting team.
And I will carry out the captain’s orders.
2.Describe the emergency procedures in handling ship-borne oil pollution.
（2014年1月考到）
a) The alarms.
b) Typical and detailed procedures.
c) Your position and function during handling ship-borne oil pollution.
If an oil spill occurs on board, sound the alarm at once and inform the master immediately.
The typical procedures are:
activate emergency response procedures( take proper actions) according to the SOPEP（shipboard
oil pollution emergency plan.
Stop all oil transfer operations.
Shut off all the valves on the pipeline.
Inform the oil supply barge or oil terminal with details.
Clean up the oil spill immediately.
The chief officer is the on-scene commander in handling ship-borne oil pollution.
The master shall submit a Statement of Fact to certain authority.
3.Describe briefly one of the cases that you have experienced or heard as to collision, fire,
flooding, or grounding.
a) The brief introduction to the story.
b) Your comments on the successes of the measures.
c) Your comments on the improperness of the measures.
I have heard of a case happening on board a crude carrier.
At first, a fire broke out in the engine room of the ship.
The fire prevented access to the engine room fire pump.
The emergency fire pump could not be started successfully.
Foam was not available because there was no water pressure on the foam line.
Only portable extinguishers were usable and these had little effect.
At last, the vessel was abandoned.
I think that the measures taken in that case were correct.
But the emergency fire pump on board was not properly maintained and frequently tested.
4.Describe the procedures in refloating ship aground.
a) The different situations of being aground.
b) The measures taken to refloat the ship aground.
c) Special attention paid to refloat the ship.
There are different situations of ship’s being aground such as 船舶搁浅有各种情况
aground forward, aground aft and aground full length. 船首，船尾，船底全部搁浅
We should judge the aground situation. 判断搁浅情况
We must pay attention to the water depth around the ship, tide situation, damage situation and so on.
注意船周围的水深，潮汐及受损情况
Then we will take proper measures to refloat the ship. 采取正确措施
The measures to refloat a ship include pumping out ballast water, jettisoning cargo, tide riding and so on.
措施有泵出一些压载水，弃货，乘潮
In refloating ship aground, special attention should be paid to keep the ship’s seaworthiness.保持船舶的适航性
5.Describe the procedures in handling cargo damage.
a) Descriptions on different cargo damages.
b) The general procedures for handling cargo damages.
c) Special attention paid to the handling of damages.
Cargo damage includes breakage, leakage, water damage and so on.货损包括破损、漏损、水损等等During discharging, the C.O should check any cargo damage before the cargo leaves the ship.
卸货期间，大副要在货物卸下船前检查货损
The damage extent and number of pieces damaged should be clearly written down on the receipt.
损坏的程度和数量应该清楚记录在收据上
Then a discharging report should be written out with the cause and extent of the damage.
书写关于原因和货损程度的卸货报告
The receipt and report should be sent to the company ASAP（as soon as possible）.
尽快把收据和报告送到公司。