生命周期营养

(1) Nutrition Prior to Pregnancy
Achieve and maintain a healthy body wt. Choose an adequate & balanced diet Be physically active Receive regular medical care Manage chronic conditions Avoid harmful substances
3.5 lbs. (or 3 to 5 lbs.) first trimester; then 1 lb. per week
Components of weight gain
Placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid (40%) Uterus growth, expanded blood and extracellular fluid
Vitamin D Calcium
2. Nutritive Needs in Pregnancy
Nutrients for Blood Production/Cell Growth---key roles in synthesis of DNA and new cells Folate Vitamin B-12 Iron: to support enlarged blood volume and provide for placental and fetal needs Zinc
The fetus will rely on some nutrients from the mother's blood that will only be present from diet. The consequences of poor nutrition during pregnancy can have everlasting effects.
Do you know any benefits of breast-fed? What can your parents tell you about your birth
weight and your first year of life?
1. Pregnancy
Nutrition is especially important for women in their childbearing years. A woman must be well nourished at the outset of pregnancy because early in pregnancy the embryo undergoes significant developmental changes that depend on her prior nutrition.
Chapter 12
Life cycle nutrition: Mother and Infant
Think about it
Think about the eating habits of any pregnant woman you have known. What are you thoughts about what a pregnant woman should eat?
2. Nutritive Needs in Pregnancy
Energy 2nd trimester : + 340 kcal/day 3rd trimester : + 450 kcal/day
Protein: + 25 g/day Essential Fatty Acids: n-3 and n-6 Nutrients for Bone Development
Fiber
Key:
Nonpregnant (set at 100% for a woman Pregnant
Lactating
Linoleic acid Linolenic acid
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Thiamin
Comparison of Nutrient Recommendations for Nonpregnant, Pregnant and Lactating Women
Needed nutrient supplements
Comparison of Nutrient Recommendations for Nonpregnant, Pregnant and Lactating Women
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50
百度文库
100
150
200
250
Energya Protein Carbohydrate
0
50
100
150
200
250
Riboflaven Niacin Biotin
Key:
Nonpregnant (set at 100% for a woman Pregnant
Pantothenic acid
Lactating
Vitamin B 6 Folate
Vitamin B 12
Choline
volumes, breasts, adipose stores (60%)
(2) Nutritive Needs in Pregnancy
Physiology of pregnancy Growth of adipose, breast, uterine tissue Increase blood volume Slower gastrointestinal motility
Vitamin C
Calcium Phosphorus
Smoking, alcohol, drugs
Weight Gain during Pregnancy
Recommended weight gains
normal weight (BMI 19.8 to 26): 25-35 lbs (11.3-15.9kg).
Weight gain patterns