常用有机溶剂的物理常数和精制方法
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TQQM5 7 5%]! C2H5OC2H5 M 74.12 bp 34.5 20A Q100 g 4A2 6.6 gQV J2 1.2(4 A2@V UE@A23 >OX;
&@F 57 NA5Q9XJ @V\ $Y=94VU _
T EQA ?9-CL./ X 011 C62312K 0231 6 g 023 6 mlQ 4 10 ml EL1 5B10ml P 10123452K 50B100mlQ.,KG _
\ 8 6 ( 4, ?F<@7F.QQ? *N ?VU(LM95VU 1LQ6 25 ml 23Q4_KLB_ MQ57QAX<7, 50 ml +7, 100 mlQ&A X7, " TE$Y 7, 63 8 gQ]2MW6BR4_
15 gQ
67
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KL 1 hQ 2K I\(4_
<QK 9^(]ZLN N;Q 6FI^ 20 minB30 minQ a_N^;<Q2VVU >a=(]Z TYQ FVU5NMQ W63 4_
01:2Q w_w1 Q G)
^;<?N9 06] 30 minQ 5NVUQ AX<7, 50 ml "7, 100 mlQN7,WG5 1 QX ? (+,' /L6(VU>4I9 3B6 206 nm UA VQ200 nm U@^*8 3% CH3 CH2 2CH2OH, M 74.12 bp ll7.71 20A Q100 g 4A2 7.9 gQJ2@UQ""@A23 O XQ@ >4,A?423[ BR4_
QX;Q @F Q@ W
+& ?234 2K+Fra Baidu bibliotek6RQ 4
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1QQ,7&A
70
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16% * CS2 M 76.13 bp 46.25 20A Q100 g 4A2 0.29 gQ2@"#@A23 @"X
54P 3P,'/EQMG5N X 4% CH3 CH2 3CH2OH, M 88.13 bp l38.1 20A Q100 g 4A2 2.2 gQOXQ@+` a Q@QJ0 6 & ]ST 011?4P3P23 QQ CQ,7MX4, 0216G 1B2%(5KL 15 hQ X4,+
CH3COOH M 60.05 bp ll8. J04\W0
2Q NA[]ST.2@U+
PQ N2@2
P 9@V36(KRQ@23 Q"5 B@QOX >>@?4+ E$Y 6G V31PEV3 M 0B10AQC*NB(EV3QK
MWM 1 &A X4, 0 2_
P 4A ,'/R QMG5M? 12%1) * CCl4 M 153.83 bp 76.8 20A Q100 g 4A2 0.08 gQ2@"#@A23QNX;Q@ 1?F Q@ >>@2
PE$Y A 1L 6 504_
VUK 100 mlQ60A6] 30 minQMM46B QW?A23X< = Q3[NW QW?46B QOM?4
0PBR4 _
5:_
4A ,'/14Q57&6CLR NA?54 13%*)+B),CCHCl3 M 119.38 bp 61.2 15A Q100 g 4A2 1.0 gQ2@VUVE@A23 9KRQ@Q@F QR4AA O;: 6 VJ_
QQ@(V6QNX; K6G 0.5B1V U 9#3 A?46B QW?4
O
O! )DE;
>Z`@A
1. CH3OH,M 32.04bp 64.7 J04\W0
2Q N04A[K J2@U V ""#@A23QO
X;@ AJY($Y+4 T VU"TT E >4Z@ 0.5(TUQ&G57X4 >4Z@ 0.01Q?,7/P? 4A ,'/Q I#4TU(LM4TU 3LQ, 3 6G,[J 25 gQ 4 gQ ?`_6][Q 6FI1MQ WKL 2 hQ QM57&6 0 TUNJ? Q1 CL./ ?"Z3/ 7# >MQ 6 (>3Z Q KL 4 hQWG5 P( 2K0TU ]Q _
QD23[AaD 9 &4 6RB Q? 10%P352K4& 6MQ?4
023 1 4QG5Q&6CLR W? 2K+46RMQ4
QQG5&A 4(LM"?A[)57/QAX50( 107NKQ6 G5 4Q6)6GL (5QDW Y@46QM Q C
QOX CL./T ` 20%2 C6H6 M 78.11 bp 80.1 25A Q100 g 4 2 0.18 gQ2@VUV2
P E@A23 OXQO
Q@ ; !(>> +"[)IT'TE "? WO
Q 1L 6 80 ml 23Q!`)* 30 min * MAX9[23KQ6)
+OX Q @F Q @ WR9@%(KRQ .M >>2
42_
PE,\QTQ" A& ? +
M2KX<QOM? 0.5"Z32K6RQ57&6CLR 17%-.! 91Y `QRQ+ +Z,'
:0+_+5 1(]ST @[ 30B60AQ60B90AQ90B120A!( ` J0 6 & ]ST N2@4Q2@=B@A23QNJ0T UVUE23!]S >O
]P0 2B5"Z3KL 2B6 hQW,7QA X ]Z TY
69
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10%1 $% C4H8O M 72.10 bp 66 2@4"=B@A23Q9@V6(KRQOXQ 6 J & _
T" 0 ?
2K0AV]SQ5-QNY _
TQA XU-]^1 ?46Q4
Q 24 hQ CQ _]?5QQ ?LG5 021O
(_
`QV080 g_700 ml1 031 XAUQAV 6GA"Z32^"BR4_
5010 g CD1 Q3.B_ MQ4_
71
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X;Q@F Q@ >>A N +$YQ\ A& ?23Q10236H"Z32K 6RB QA XN +
STQW& ?4P352K46RQ QM?4
PBR4_
QQ CM576CR ? ( `Q'>@AZ,'UPVQA?46RB MQ?4
4MG5 '>@AQA? 2K6R MQW?46RB Q?4
5='@M
T YQAG)
NWMT9 QQM CQ64
QQ CQG5&A 4V(LM CV6 40 g 4A ,'/0200A 4h1 QGW * 24 hQW 2 ,'/^&6
68
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QMG5 18%/+ CH3 CH2 4CH3 M 86.18 bp 68.74 N2@4Q2@VUVE@A23 O
QO X UV./I ` 19%01+ C6H12 M 84.16 bp 80.7 25A Q100 g 4 2 0.01 gQ2@VUVE@A 23 O
4 7%]
] CH3COOC2H5 M 88.10 bp 77 20A Q100 g 4 A2 8.6g 2@VUVE@ A23 OX@F >$Y94VUV3 ; ?V3V /? 5P352K6 1B2 MQ? +
2K6QW?4
4QQG5&A 1L 98V3V/ 6G 100 ml 1Q10 V23QKL 4 hQQM _U,7 57K? 20 g 4P3X<QWG5QWXA 99.3 8%
QQMW,7CL 2%] CH3CH2OH M 46.07 bp 78.5 J04\W0
2 O
QOX; 2@UV `E@A23 >($Y94T EQ'(4VU> >TE 4VU(LM* 95VU 1LQ6 250 gQKL 6 h MQ 3. [Q57N 76B78A(7,QA 98.5B99.5 I#4VU(LM 011*4VU 1LQ6,[J 5 gQ, 3 6G 1 gQKL 2B4 hQ [JA2 MQ57&6 99.95U(VU 2C2H5OH+Mg\0C2H5O12Mg+H2] 0C2H5O12Mg+2H2O Mg0OH12+2C2H5OH 021*4VU 1LQ6 27.5 g TT3V/Q7 g 5Q3 .M57&6 C6H4 0COOC2H51 0COONa1 2+2C2H5ONa+2H2O\C6 H4 2+4C2H5OH =4VU @5M(84 Q
6%"# CH3COCH3 M 58.08 bp 56.2 J04\W0
2QNA[]ST.2@VVU E@A23 >OX;
@ >A(4QA6
5PB RP3E>Q>?,[Q,*U[K57QN 54B57A7 ,0 4,AA XU-]^1 QW?423
4QQ CMG5&6 ; ?>>U @A3E$YQCLA6"Z32 3. 1B2 aPKL 4 hQN 9XQMM CQ4P3 P235QQ CQ G5&A0&"Z3UV QG5 \_,Q N651 N(?5:_
HCOOH M 46.02 bp 101 J04UG`E
2 9M3 KRQ@ Q* @23 Q9M]Z3QAX 4T3(LM 011DT,7QNK?E4MQ&A 021 6GLL423
Q 3.B Q XT3 >( 1_2 (4Q W57Q@ 100.7A_101.3 kPa P 25A_5.3 kPa N4T3 9% ]
T UVLF<*A0
42K]SQ N5-(Q@ _
T A6 0.3(
1
QKL 30 min0 _
TQANXU-]^1 Q57QN 7,QW? 5P,'/EQUVMG5Q&A 11%&' C6H5NM 79.10bp ll5.6( J04\W0
2Q2@UE@A23 9P? KRQOXQPN Q@a .# @+` Q8G5BAN %)a,";OQ 8GJF LK& A?BR4_
PP3Q0 NJ?5QQ,AJ &1 QG5&ACL 14%)+ CH2Cl2 M 84.94 bp 40 25A Q100 g 4A2 1.3 gQ2@U O
56X; & Q @F ?@ & ?3+46RMQ6GP 3P 4A ,'/QM57&60NA?541 15%)]+ ClCH2CH2Cl, M 98.96 bp 83.4 20A Q100 g 4A2 0.87 gQ2@"#@A23 O
&@F 57 NA5Q9XJ @V\ $Y=94VU _
T EQA ?9-CL./ X 011 C62312K 0231 6 g 023 6 mlQ 4 10 ml EL1 5B10ml P 10123452K 50B100mlQ.,KG _
\ 8 6 ( 4, ?F<@7F.QQ? *N ?VU(LM95VU 1LQ6 25 ml 23Q4_KLB_ MQ57QAX<7, 50 ml +7, 100 mlQ&A X7, " TE$Y 7, 63 8 gQ]2MW6BR4_
15 gQ
67
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KL 1 hQ 2K I\(4_
<QK 9^(]ZLN N;Q 6FI^ 20 minB30 minQ a_N^;<Q2VVU >a=(]Z TYQ FVU5NMQ W63 4_
01:2Q w_w1 Q G)
^;<?N9 06] 30 minQ 5NVUQ AX<7, 50 ml "7, 100 mlQN7,WG5 1 QX ? (+,' /L6(VU>4I9 3B6 206 nm UA VQ200 nm U@^*8 3% CH3 CH2 2CH2OH, M 74.12 bp ll7.71 20A Q100 g 4A2 7.9 gQJ2@UQ""@A23 O XQ@ >4,A?423[ BR4_
QX;Q @F Q@ W
+& ?234 2K+Fra Baidu bibliotek6RQ 4
0P:_
1QQ,7&A
70
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16% * CS2 M 76.13 bp 46.25 20A Q100 g 4A2 0.29 gQ2@"#@A23 @"X
54P 3P,'/EQMG5N X 4% CH3 CH2 3CH2OH, M 88.13 bp l38.1 20A Q100 g 4A2 2.2 gQOXQ@+` a Q@QJ0 6 & ]ST 011?4P3P23 QQ CQ,7MX4, 0216G 1B2%(5KL 15 hQ X4,+
CH3COOH M 60.05 bp ll8. J04\W0
2Q NA[]ST.2@U+
PQ N2@2
P 9@V36(KRQ@23 Q"5 B@QOX >>@?4+ E$Y 6G V31PEV3 M 0B10AQC*NB(EV3QK
MWM 1 &A X4, 0 2_
P 4A ,'/R QMG5M? 12%1) * CCl4 M 153.83 bp 76.8 20A Q100 g 4A2 0.08 gQ2@"#@A23QNX;Q@ 1?F Q@ >>@2
PE$Y A 1L 6 504_
VUK 100 mlQ60A6] 30 minQMM46B QW?A23X< = Q3[NW QW?46B QOM?4
0PBR4 _
5:_
4A ,'/14Q57&6CLR NA?54 13%*)+B),CCHCl3 M 119.38 bp 61.2 15A Q100 g 4A2 1.0 gQ2@VUVE@A23 9KRQ@Q@F QR4AA O;: 6 VJ_
QQ@(V6QNX; K6G 0.5B1V U 9#3 A?46B QW?4
O
O! )DE;
>Z`@A
1. CH3OH,M 32.04bp 64.7 J04\W0
2Q N04A[K J2@U V ""#@A23QO
X;@ AJY($Y+4 T VU"TT E >4Z@ 0.5(TUQ&G57X4 >4Z@ 0.01Q?,7/P? 4A ,'/Q I#4TU(LM4TU 3LQ, 3 6G,[J 25 gQ 4 gQ ?`_6][Q 6FI1MQ WKL 2 hQ QM57&6 0 TUNJ? Q1 CL./ ?"Z3/ 7# >MQ 6 (>3Z Q KL 4 hQWG5 P( 2K0TU ]Q _
QD23[AaD 9 &4 6RB Q? 10%P352K4& 6MQ?4
023 1 4QG5Q&6CLR W? 2K+46RMQ4
QQG5&A 4(LM"?A[)57/QAX50( 107NKQ6 G5 4Q6)6GL (5QDW Y@46QM Q C
QOX CL./T ` 20%2 C6H6 M 78.11 bp 80.1 25A Q100 g 4 2 0.18 gQ2@VUV2
P E@A23 OXQO
Q@ ; !(>> +"[)IT'TE "? WO
Q 1L 6 80 ml 23Q!`)* 30 min * MAX9[23KQ6)
+OX Q @F Q @ WR9@%(KRQ .M >>2
42_
PE,\QTQ" A& ? +
M2KX<QOM? 0.5"Z32K6RQ57&6CLR 17%-.! 91Y `QRQ+ +Z,'
:0+_+5 1(]ST @[ 30B60AQ60B90AQ90B120A!( ` J0 6 & ]ST N2@4Q2@=B@A23QNJ0T UVUE23!]S >O
]P0 2B5"Z3KL 2B6 hQW,7QA X ]Z TY
69
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10%1 $% C4H8O M 72.10 bp 66 2@4"=B@A23Q9@V6(KRQOXQ 6 J & _
T" 0 ?
2K0AV]SQ5-QNY _
TQA XU-]^1 ?46Q4
Q 24 hQ CQ _]?5QQ ?LG5 021O
(_
`QV080 g_700 ml1 031 XAUQAV 6GA"Z32^"BR4_
5010 g CD1 Q3.B_ MQ4_
71
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
X;Q@F Q@ >>A N +$YQ\ A& ?23Q10236H"Z32K 6RB QA XN +
STQW& ?4P352K46RQ QM?4
PBR4_
QQ CM576CR ? ( `Q'>@AZ,'UPVQA?46RB MQ?4
4MG5 '>@AQA? 2K6R MQW?46RB Q?4
5='@M
T YQAG)
NWMT9 QQM CQ64
QQ CQG5&A 4V(LM CV6 40 g 4A ,'/0200A 4h1 QGW * 24 hQW 2 ,'/^&6
68
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QMG5 18%/+ CH3 CH2 4CH3 M 86.18 bp 68.74 N2@4Q2@VUVE@A23 O
QO X UV./I ` 19%01+ C6H12 M 84.16 bp 80.7 25A Q100 g 4 2 0.01 gQ2@VUVE@A 23 O
4 7%]
] CH3COOC2H5 M 88.10 bp 77 20A Q100 g 4 A2 8.6g 2@VUVE@ A23 OX@F >$Y94VUV3 ; ?V3V /? 5P352K6 1B2 MQ? +
2K6QW?4
4QQG5&A 1L 98V3V/ 6G 100 ml 1Q10 V23QKL 4 hQQM _U,7 57K? 20 g 4P3X<QWG5QWXA 99.3 8%
QQMW,7CL 2%] CH3CH2OH M 46.07 bp 78.5 J04\W0
2 O
QOX; 2@UV `E@A23 >($Y94T EQ'(4VU> >TE 4VU(LM* 95VU 1LQ6 250 gQKL 6 h MQ 3. [Q57N 76B78A(7,QA 98.5B99.5 I#4VU(LM 011*4VU 1LQ6,[J 5 gQ, 3 6G 1 gQKL 2B4 hQ [JA2 MQ57&6 99.95U(VU 2C2H5OH+Mg\0C2H5O12Mg+H2] 0C2H5O12Mg+2H2O Mg0OH12+2C2H5OH 021*4VU 1LQ6 27.5 g TT3V/Q7 g 5Q3 .M57&6 C6H4 0COOC2H51 0COONa1 2+2C2H5ONa+2H2O\C6 H4 2+4C2H5OH =4VU @5M(84 Q
6%"# CH3COCH3 M 58.08 bp 56.2 J04\W0
2QNA[]ST.2@VVU E@A23 >OX;
@ >A(4QA6
5PB RP3E>Q>?,[Q,*U[K57QN 54B57A7 ,0 4,AA XU-]^1 QW?423
4QQ CMG5&6 ; ?>>U @A3E$YQCLA6"Z32 3. 1B2 aPKL 4 hQN 9XQMM CQ4P3 P235QQ CQ G5&A0&"Z3UV QG5 \_,Q N651 N(?5:_
HCOOH M 46.02 bp 101 J04UG`E
2 9M3 KRQ@ Q* @23 Q9M]Z3QAX 4T3(LM 011DT,7QNK?E4MQ&A 021 6GLL423
Q 3.B Q XT3 >( 1_2 (4Q W57Q@ 100.7A_101.3 kPa P 25A_5.3 kPa N4T3 9% ]
T UVLF<*A0
42K]SQ N5-(Q@ _
T A6 0.3(
1
QKL 30 min0 _
TQANXU-]^1 Q57QN 7,QW? 5P,'/EQUVMG5Q&A 11%&' C6H5NM 79.10bp ll5.6( J04\W0
2Q2@UE@A23 9P? KRQOXQPN Q@a .# @+` Q8G5BAN %)a,";OQ 8GJF LK& A?BR4_
PP3Q0 NJ?5QQ,AJ &1 QG5&ACL 14%)+ CH2Cl2 M 84.94 bp 40 25A Q100 g 4A2 1.3 gQ2@U O
56X; & Q @F ?@ & ?3+46RMQ6GP 3P 4A ,'/QM57&60NA?541 15%)]+ ClCH2CH2Cl, M 98.96 bp 83.4 20A Q100 g 4A2 0.87 gQ2@"#@A23 O