新视野 读写教程 第二册第八单元教案

**大学教案

课程名称：大学英语

教材名称：新视野大学英语读写教程出版单位：外语教学与研究出版社出版时间：2008年3月

主编：郑树棠

教案编写人:

授课专业（班级）：

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**大学课程教案

Poem Appreciation

Besides imagination and rhetorical devices as metaphor, personality, etc., English poem has its unique principles, among which meter(格律), rhyme(押韵) and verse (诗体) are the basic. Poems can be divided into “rhyming verse”(韵体诗), “blank verse”(无韵体), “free verse”(自

由诗) and “limericks”(打油诗) in the light of prosody(诗体学).

For rhyming verses, the following are usually analyzed.

1) Meter

Meter is sometimes called “the step” of a poem.

There are usually five kinds of meters.

(1) Iambus [抑扬格(轻重格)]: One unaccented syllable and one accented one.

As fair / art thou / my bon / nie lass，

So deep / in luve / am I ：

And I / will luve / thee still，/ my dear，

Till a` / the seas / gang dry：

Robert Burns (1759-1796): My Luve Is like a Red, Red Rose (Notes: art=are; luve=love; bonnie=beautiful; a`=all; gang=go)

(2) Trochee [扬抑格(重轻格)]: One accented syllable and one unaccented one.

Tyger！/ Tyger！/ burning / bright

In the / forests / of the / night

William Blake： The Tyger

(3) Anapaestic foot [抑抑扬格(轻轻重格)]: Two unaccented syllables and one accented one.

Like a child / from the womb，

Like a ghost / from the tomb，

I arise / and unbuild / it again.

(4) Dactylic foot [扬抑抑格(重轻轻格)]: One accented syllable and two unaccented ones.

Touch her not / scornfully，

Think of her / mournfully.

Thomas Hood

(5) Amphibrach [抑扬抑格(轻重轻格)]: One unaccented syllable with one accented and then an unaccented syllable.

O hush thee / my babie / thy sire was / a knight.

2) Rhymes:

Rhyme refers mainly to the reoccurrence of vowels and consonants.

(1) alliteration (头韵): with one consonant repeated in the alliterate of each word.

e.g.：Three thick thorns thought thick thorn thoughts.

(2) pararhyme (联韵): consonant + vowel +consonant,

e.g.: killed and cold

(3) assonance (元韵): with one vowel

repeated in a line, e.g.:

It will flame out, like shining from shook foil;

It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil;

(4) consonance (和韵): with two or more words ending with the same consonant,

e.g.: great/meat; send/hand

3) Stanza(小节)

English poems consist of several stanzas which serve as paragraphs in a passage. According to the line numbers, there are 2-line stanza (couplet); 3-line stanza (tercet); 4-line stanza (quatrain); 5-line stanza (cinquain); 6-line stanza (sestet); 7-line stanza (septet); 8-line stanza (octet) and 14-line stanza (sonnet). Limericks are normally in cinquain style.

Sonnet(十四行诗): with 14 lines in each poem, 11 syllables in each line, an ending section of 6 lines, poems of Italian poet Petrarch were the typical style in the 13th and 14th century, of which the meters are abba, abba, cdcdcd (cdecde). Usually, the previous 8 lines are of questioning and the latter goes for answering. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) wrote with the popular meters as abab, cdcd, dfdf, gg.