现在完成时的用法英语语法大全

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现在完成时的用法

一)现在完成时的用法之一:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

此时,常与时间副词already(已经),yet(还、已经),just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经),never(从不),before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下:

1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放

在句末。实例:

1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。

(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)

2)I've washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。

(洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)

注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:

3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?

2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。实例:

1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?

—No,not yet.不,还没有。

2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .

那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响)

3.just意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。

4.ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?

2)I haven't ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。

5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与过

去分词之间。实例:

I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

6.before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。实例:1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?

2)I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。

二)现在完成时用法之二——持续性用法(肯定句,疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词):表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for +一段时间或“since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。

for + 段时间

since +点时间

实例:

1)I've lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里。

= I've lived here since 13 years ago.

= I've lived here for 13 years.

= It is 13 years since I began to live here.

2)I haven't seen him for three years .我三年没有看见他了。

= I haven't seen him since three years ago

= I haven't seen him since 2000.

= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.

3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .

自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。

4)She's been at this school since five years ago.

自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。

注意:①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从。。。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。

②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long

1)他入团两年了。

误:He has joined the League for two years.

正:He has been a League member for two years.

2)我买这辆自行车三年了。

误:I have bought this bike for three years.

正:I have had this bike for three years.

2)▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词:

短暂性动词延续性动词

die → be dead

borrow → keep

buy/catch → have

get up → be up

come → be in

finish → be over

leaver → be away

open → be open

close → be closed

begin → be on

become interested in → be interested in

有人可能会问:一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去,那么这两种时态有什么区别呢?

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