初中现在完成时态的讲解及习题
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现在完成时的讲解和练习题
一、构成:主语+ have/has + 过去分词+其他
否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。
疑问式:Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他?
简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语+ have/has. (否定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.
二、用法:现在完成时既涉及过去,又联系现在
(一)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态
常与just(刚刚),already(已经),never(从来没有),ever(曾经),before(以前),yet(仍然,还),once(一次),twice(两次),many times(很多次),how many times(多少次),so far(迄今为止),up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如:
※副词的位置:①just常用于肯定句中,放在have / has后,He has just come .
②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.
③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has+主语+ever+过去分词?“…曾经……过吗?”用于询问某人
过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm?
(二):表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有:
①for+表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。
②since+表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986.
③since+表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born.
④since+一段时间+ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.
三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语(for,since,how long, all one’s life)连用的动词必须用延
续性动词(肯定句)。如:be,have,know,live,work,study,learn,teach,keep,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep,drive,write,do,clean等。非延续性动词,又叫瞬间动词,短暂性动词如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用
Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? He has died.
常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下:
1、borrow / lend→keep,
2、buy→have,
3、finish / end→be over,
4、begin / start→be on
5、open→be open
6、close→be closed,
7、die→be dead
8、arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,
9、leave→be away(from)10、go to school→be in school / be a stud ent,
11、get up→be up, 12、fall asleep→be asleep 13、fall ill→be ill
14、get to know→know, 15、lose→be lost 16、become→be 17、begin to study→study, 18、return / come back / get back→be back 19、join→be in / be a…member,
20、join the army→be in t he army /be a soldier
21、receive / get a letter→have a letter 22、catch / get a cold→have a cold
Eg. 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.(错)改为:
He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.
He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.
四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题
1. have been to和have gone to的区别
have been to强调“曾经去过…”,现已不在那里,已经回来了
have gone to主要强调的是“去了…”,可能在去的途中,或在去的目的地。
2. have been to和have been in的区别
have been to强调人“已回到原地”,后面可接表示“次数”的状语。
have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间,现仍在那里”,其后常带表示一段时间的状语五.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
练习题:
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.