病毒的诊断

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❖ Natural immunity - to diseases you have caught and successfully fought
❖ Artificial immunity – 2020/7/17Vaccination(vaccines)
Attributes of a good vaccine
Overview of active immunity
• Active immunity - administration of antigen resulting in production of a specific immune response with immunologic memory. Response may be cellular or humoral or both.
• Ability to elicit the appropriate immune response for the particular pathogen
• Enhancement of the specific immune response by increasing the expression of MHC class I molecules on the surface of infected cells, the interferons increase the opportunity for specific cytotoxic T cells to recognize and kill infected cells
• PCR聚合酶链反应检测病毒核酸
第25章 病毒感染的检查方法与防治原则
第二节 抗病毒治疗
第二节 抗病毒治疗
• 抗病毒药物或制剂
– 核苷酸药物:金刚烷胺,阿糖腺
苷,
无环鸟苷
– 病毒蛋白酶抑制剂:鸡尾酒
– 其他:干扰素, 干扰素诱生剂、中草药
– 抗病毒基因治疗:反义寡核脱氧核酸等
• 免疫制剂:
Biblioteka Baidu
– 中和抗体
2020/7/17
I. Artificially active immunity
• A. Killed-virus vaccines
• B. Attenuated live-virus vaccine
• C. Other vaccine
2020/7/17
Organisms whose virulence has been artificially reduced by in vitro Culture under adverse conditions, such as reduced temperature.
2020/7/17
Interferon
• Direct antiviral effect ( prevents the infection of new cells) by a) degradation of viral mRNA, and b) inhibition of protein synthesis
第25章 病毒感染的检查方法与防治原则
第一节 病毒的诊断
三、 Test of viral components and antibodies
• Immuno-fluorescent or Immuno-enzyme to detect viral Ag
• ELISA to detect viral Ab(IgM/IgG)
第25章 病毒感染的检查方法与防治原则
第一节 病毒的诊断
二、Isolation, Cultivation and identification of viruses
• Commonly used methods
– Cultivation of viruses
–Egg inoculation, influenza virus
Section 2 Treatment of viral infection
2020/7/17
I. Antiviral mechanism of Drugs
• A. Inhibit attachment • B. Inhibit penetration and uncoating • C. Inhibit fusion • D. Inhibit biological synthesis • E. Inhibit assembly
– 2、人工被动免疫
• 人血清免疫球蛋白——紧急预防
Section 3 Immunological prevention
2020/7/17
Smallpox
Vaccination • Jenner 1796 : Cowpox/Swinepox • 1800’s Compulsory childhood vaccination • 1930’s Last natural UK case • 1940’s last natural US case • 1958 WHO program • October 1979: Last case (Somalia)
• Immune blot to detect viral subunit anitibody
2020/7/17
第25章 病毒感染的检查方法与防治原则
第一节 病毒的诊断
四、Test the viral nucleic acid
• nucleic acid hybridation核酸
杂交法检测病毒核酸
2020/7/17
Chinese Herbs
• 板蓝根、大青叶、苍术、艾叶。 • 双黄连
2020/7/17
III. Antiviral resistance
2020/7/17
第25章 病毒感染的检查方法与防治原则
第三节 病毒感染的预防
第三节 病毒感染的预防
• 免疫预防
– 1、人工主动免疫:
• 传统的疫苗:减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗 • 基因工程疫苗 • 核酸疫苗 • 其他类型的疫苗
2020/7/17
II. Antiviral Drugs
• A. Inhibit attachment • B. Inhibit penetration and uncoating • C. Inhibit fusion • D. Inhibit biological synthesis • E. Inhibit assembly
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