国际贸易实务Chapter 1课件

Problems in International Trade
• 1. Trade Protectionism
• 2. Cultural Problems • 3. Monetary conversion
Trade Restrictions
• • • • • • • • 1. Trade Protectionism (1) Reasons for trade restrictions a diversified economy: less dependent an Infant industry argument unfair competition argument to protect domestic jobs a balance of both trade and payments pure political reasons
Benefits of International Trade
• • • • 1. Cheaper goods a cost advantage competition in the world market quality of the imported goods
Benefits of International Trade
A Brief Guide to the Textbook
Table of Contents
Chapter1 Chapter2 Chapter3 Chapter4 Chapter5 International Trade Terms of Delivery Cargo Packing, Stowage & Marking Transport Foreign Exchange Rate& Contract Formation----Offer & Acceptance
Total
2单位 2单位 2.2单位
wine
170人▪ 年 2.125单位
2.125单位
Reasons for International Trade
• 3. Political Reasons • political objectives trade: uphold the same political doctrine ban/restriction: political disagreements domestic political reasons
• • • •
(4) Capital resources developing countries modernize their industries and economies advanced machinery, equipment, and plant
Reasons for International Trade
Reasons for International Trade
• (2) Natural resources • Middle East: rich oil reserves • (3) Technologies and labor • skilled workers • the number of well-trained engineers and workers
uneven distribution of resources
Reasons for International Trade
(1) Climatic conditions and terrain Colombia and Brazil: coffee beans and coffee US Great Plains states: wheat
A Brief Guide to the Textbook
• Chapter6 • Chapter7 • Chapter8
Payment Terms OБайду номын сангаасean Marine Cargo Insurance Inspection, Force Majeure &Private Dispute Resolution • Chapter 9 Documentation • Chapter10 International Trade procedures
Lead-in Case
• 我国某外贸公司先后向中东国家出口纯毛 纺织品数批。货到国外后买方一一收货， 从未提出异议。但数月之后，买方寄来制 成的服装一套，声称用我方毛料制成的服 装色差严重，难以投入市场销售，因而要 求索赔。
Lead-in Case
• (1) 按照国际惯例，纺织品一经开剪，不得 退货。 • (2) 按《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第 82条规定，买方如果不可能按实际收到货 物的原状归还货物，他就失去了宣告合同 无效或要求卖方交付替代货物的权利。
• 3. Wider market with increasing number of trading partners • • • • 4. Growth of economy the development of economies the creation of jobs the stability of political situation
Reasons for International Trade
• 1. Resource reasons
• 2. Economic reasons • 3. Political reasons
Reasons for International Trade
• 1. Resource Reasons
Reasons for International Trade
•
分 工 前 分 工 后 wool wine wool
Britain
100人▪ 年/单位 120人▪ 年/单位 220 人▪ 年 2.2单位
France
110人▪ 年/单位 80人▪ 年/单位
Total
2单位 2单位 2.2单位
wine
Chapter 1 International Trade
Chapter 1 International Trade
• Reasons for International Trade
• Benefits of International Trade • Problems in International Trade • Arguments Against International Trade
Case Analysis
• (1) According to international practice, once the textiles cut, the buyer cannot return the goods. • (2) In the Article 82 of “United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods”, it stipulates that the buyer loses the right to declare the contract void or to require the seller delivering substitute goods if it is impossible for him to make restitution of the goods substantially in the condition in which he received them.
Trade Restrictions
• (2) Methods of restrictions revenue tariff & protection tariff import duty & export duty A. tariffs countervailing duty
import surtax anti-dumping duty
• • • • (6) insufficient production UK 1.2% of labor force----food production annual import of 25 US$----30%-40% food requirements
Reasons for International Trade
• (5) Geographic location and transport costs • geographically close Sino-Japanese trade relationship US and Canada EU
Reasons for International Trade
Import & Export Practices
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• 1. Attendance
• 2. Mobile phone • 3. Notebook & Color pen
Import & Export Practices
Lead-in Case
• A certain trade company of China has exported several batches of wool textiles to a country in the Middle East. When the goods arrived, the buyer received one by one, without raising any objections. But a few months later, the buyer sent a set of clothing made by the wool textiles, claiming that there is an obvious color shading of the clothing made by our products and it is difficult to put into the market, thus filing a claim for compensation.
• 2. Greater variety when goods come from more countries • capital goods & consumer goods • productivity of industries • quality of life
Benefits of International Trade
• Comparative-Cost Example
Reasons for International Trade
•
分 工 前 分 工 后 wool wine wool
Britain
100人▪ 年/单位 120人▪ 年/单位 220 人▪ 年 2.2单位
Portugal
90人▪ 年/单位 80人▪ 年/单位
190人▪ 年 2.375单位
2.375单位
Reasons for International Trade
Reasons for International Trade
• (2) The Principle of Comparative Advantage • David Ricardo
• On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
variable levy
time of collection
Trade Restrictions
Methods of collection
Trade Restrictions
Reasons for International Trade
• • • • • 2 . Economic Reasons (1) The Principle of Absolute Advantage Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations Absolute-Cost Example