分词作状语
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还表示行为方式、伴随状况等（可用并 列句替代）。
现在分词作状语 ★ 句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语 1. 现在分词可做几下几种状语：
1.时间状语 (when, while, once, until)
* Seeing Tom, I can’t help thinking of his brother. =When I see Tom, I can’t help thinking of his brother.
分词的时态语态变化表
时态
语 态 主动形式
被动形式
现在分词一般式
doing
being done（正在 被……）
现在分词完成式 Having done having been done
过去分词
done
The question being discussed is very important.
Being excited, many of us couldn’t fallasleep.
5. 让步状语：
* Working hard, he couldn’t pass the exam.
6. 结果状语
* He turned off the light, seeing nothing.
现在分词可作
1. 时间状语 2. 原因状语 3. 条件状语 4. 方式 伴随状语 5. 让步状语 6. 结果状语
While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
=While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. When she saw those pictures, she remembered her
3. 条件状语：(if , unless)
If you work hard, you woll make progress.
=* Working hard, you will make progress. If you use your head, you will find a way. =Using your head, you will find a way.
Because she hadn’t received his letter, she decided to write again.
Not having received his letter, …
(3)现在分词的被动式做状语，表示一个被动的动作正 在进行，或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
* When you are being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person.
从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系,并且从句动作在主句动作之前发生或从句中的谓 语本来就是完成时,即用现在分词的完成式: having done 它的被动式为having been done
* Having answered the letter, she went on to read an
novel.
childhood.
=Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
2. 原因状语：(as, since, because)
Because I was ill, I didn’t go to school yesterday =* Being ill, I didn’t go to school yesterday. Because we were excited, many of us couldn’t fall asleep. = Being excited, many of us couldn’t fall asleep.
* Because he has lived in the city for years, he knows it very well.
—— Having lived in the city for years, he knows it very well.
Because he had lived in the city for years, he knew it very well. Having lived in the city for years, he knew it very well.
4. 方式 伴随状语：
•They all went to the playground, talking and laughing. •They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
•Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
进行 主动 现在分词强调动作正在
，或
。
被动 完成 过去分词强调动作已经
，或
；
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表
完成。
分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前面， 分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面相当于一个定语从句 分词作状语时，前后主语必须一致；如不一致则要加上它 自己逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为:独立主格结构。
= (When) Being talked to, you should look into ...
After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look.
Weather permitting , we’ll go out for a trip
分词/分词短语作状语
分词或分词短语作状语,相当于一个状语 从句或并列句。
可以表示时间（when，while，once， until），原因（as，since, because），结果 （so that），条件（if， unless），让步 （though，even if）等（这时可用状语从句 取代）；
现在分词作状语 ★ 句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语 1. 现在分词可做几下几种状语：
1.时间状语 (when, while, once, until)
* Seeing Tom, I can’t help thinking of his brother. =When I see Tom, I can’t help thinking of his brother.
分词的时态语态变化表
时态
语 态 主动形式
被动形式
现在分词一般式
doing
being done（正在 被……）
现在分词完成式 Having done having been done
过去分词
done
The question being discussed is very important.
Being excited, many of us couldn’t fallasleep.
5. 让步状语：
* Working hard, he couldn’t pass the exam.
6. 结果状语
* He turned off the light, seeing nothing.
现在分词可作
1. 时间状语 2. 原因状语 3. 条件状语 4. 方式 伴随状语 5. 让步状语 6. 结果状语
While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
=While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. When she saw those pictures, she remembered her
3. 条件状语：(if , unless)
If you work hard, you woll make progress.
=* Working hard, you will make progress. If you use your head, you will find a way. =Using your head, you will find a way.
Because she hadn’t received his letter, she decided to write again.
Not having received his letter, …
(3)现在分词的被动式做状语，表示一个被动的动作正 在进行，或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
* When you are being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person.
从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系,并且从句动作在主句动作之前发生或从句中的谓 语本来就是完成时,即用现在分词的完成式: having done 它的被动式为having been done
* Having answered the letter, she went on to read an
novel.
childhood.
=Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
2. 原因状语：(as, since, because)
Because I was ill, I didn’t go to school yesterday =* Being ill, I didn’t go to school yesterday. Because we were excited, many of us couldn’t fall asleep. = Being excited, many of us couldn’t fall asleep.
* Because he has lived in the city for years, he knows it very well.
—— Having lived in the city for years, he knows it very well.
Because he had lived in the city for years, he knew it very well. Having lived in the city for years, he knew it very well.
4. 方式 伴随状语：
•They all went to the playground, talking and laughing. •They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
•Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
进行 主动 现在分词强调动作正在
，或
。
被动 完成 过去分词强调动作已经
，或
；
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表
完成。
分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前面， 分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面相当于一个定语从句 分词作状语时，前后主语必须一致；如不一致则要加上它 自己逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为:独立主格结构。
= (When) Being talked to, you should look into ...
After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look.
Weather permitting , we’ll go out for a trip
分词/分词短语作状语
分词或分词短语作状语,相当于一个状语 从句或并列句。
可以表示时间（when，while，once， until），原因（as，since, because），结果 （so that），条件（if， unless），让步 （though，even if）等（这时可用状语从句 取代）；