11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案

11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation （英译汉）（ 60 point ）
This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.
Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）
Until recently, scientists knew little about life in the deep sea, nor had they reason to believe that it was being threatened. Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters. At the same time, however, technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in some cases thousands of years to build.
Many of the world's coral species, for example, are found at depths of more than 200 meters. It is also estimated that roughly half of the world's highest seamounts - areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life - are also found in the deep ocean.
These deep sea ecosystems provide shelter, spawning and breeding areas for fish and other creatures, as well as protection from strong currents and predators. Moreover, they are believed to harbor some of the most extensive reservoirs of life on earth, with estimates ranging from 500,000 to 100 million species inhabiting these largely unexplored and highly fragile ecosystems.
Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food products and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever. With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching everything in their path while simultaneously crushing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and seamounts that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor.
Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomenon, the damage that has been done is still limited. If steps are taken quickly to prevent this kind of destructive activity from occurring on the high seas, the benefits both to the marine environment and to future generations are incalculable. And they far outweigh the short-term costs to the fishing industry.
Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（ 30 points ）
Topic 1 （选题一）
Most of the world's victims of AIDS live - and, at an alarming rate, die - in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26.6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS （ UNAIDS ）， the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling.
AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa - where it was called "slim", after the appearance of victims wasting away - within a few years after its emergence was established in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled.
Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint.
An important part of anti- AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing （ VCT ） .In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them.
Funds for anti- AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted.
Topic 2 （选题二）
As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say that poverty is too complex a phenomenon, and the strategies for fighting it too diverse and dependent on local circumstances, for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty.
We have learned the hard way over the years. We have experimented with all kinds of ideas.
Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ensure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done. I am now convinced that the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances.
Aid and trade are both necessary, but they are not enough on their own. Neither is good governance enough in itself. Above all, nothing can move without the direct participation of local communities. I fear that we lecture too much. This is not the best way.
I will give an example of how such a compact worked in Tanzania to achieve universal basic schooling.
In the mid-1990s, almost all indicators for basic education were in free fall. The gross enrollment rate had fallen from 98 percent in the early 1980s to 77.6 percent in 2000. The net enrollment rate had likewise fallen, from over 80 percent to only 58.8 percent.
Then several things happened. We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006 - nine years ahead of the global target.
Good governance produced more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years. In 2001, we received debt relief under the World Bank's enhanced HIPC （ heavily indebted poor countries ） Initiative. Subsequently, more donors put aid money directly into our budget or into a pooled fund for the Primary Education Development Program （ PEDP ） .
The government's political will was evidenced by the fact that over the last five years the share of the national budget going to poverty reduction rose by 130 percent. We abolished school fees in primary schools.
Then we ensured that all PEDP projects are locally determined, planned, owned,
implemented and evaluated. This gave the people pride and dignity in what they were doing. After only two years of implementing PEDP, tremendous successes have been achieved.
Section 2: Chinese- English Translation （汉译英）（ 40 point ）
This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.
Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（ 20 points ）
进入新世纪，国际形势继续发生深刻复杂的变化。

世界多极化和经济全球化灾曲折中发展。

科技进步日新月异，我们既面临着必须抓住的发展机遇，也面临着必须认真应付的严峻挑战，尽管当今世界还存在着这样那样的矛盾和利益冲突，不确定、不稳定因素有所增加，但和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题，世界要和平、国家要发展、人民要合作是不可阻挡的历史潮流。

当前亚洲形势总体稳定，和平、发展、合作已成为前进中亚洲的主流。

经过共同努力，亚洲有关国家摆脱了金融危机的阴影，战胜了非典和禽流感疫情的冲击，经济结构调整取得成效，产业升级换代步伐加快，区域合作方兴未艾，抗御风险能力不断增强。

亚洲仍然是全球最具发展活力的地区之一，也继续是全球贸易的重要增长点之一。

我们对亚洲的发展前景充满信心。

Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（ 20 points ）
Topic 1 （选题一）
中国目前已经建成 1.9 万公里公路。

自 1990 年以来，中国每年都要新增 3700 公里公路。

到 2020 年公路网将连接中国所有重要城市。

中国公路里程将仅次于美国，达到 55000 公里。

高速公路网将带来深远的影响。

城市带将形成；人们的生活方式将会发生变化；枢纽城市的经济增长率将迅速上升，因为便利的交通条件将吸引更多的投资者。

许多国际开发商支持这种看法。

世界银行和亚洲开发银行正用巨额贷款支持中国开展公路建设。

它们认为公路建设对于缓解贫困至关重要。

自上世纪末，亚洲开发银行已减少它在中国经济发达的东部地区的公路投资，而将重点转向较为贫困的西部地区。

在公路建设中，中国也很重视支线公路建设，因为支线公路可以使小城镇充分利用附近干线公路建设带来的发展机遇。

Topic 2 （选题二）
长期以来西方人一直怀疑由草药制成的中成药是否有效。

在过去的几年内，中国传统医药在世界范围内经历了严格的科学审查。

为证明和提高传统治疗方法的效益，中国大陆投入了巨资在这方面进行艰苦研究。

香港一直在努力使自己成为世界上传统中医研究的带头人。

台湾也提出它将把自己建成一个中医技术中心。

传统中医药的研究工作在亚洲以外地区的大学和其他机构也蓬勃开展。

这些揭开传统医学秘密的研究工作可能会为中西医都大感头疼的疾病患者带来福音。

尽管在理论上中西医之间还存在着分歧，一些对中医药感兴趣的著名国际制药公司已开始在中国实施小规模的研究项目。

一批新药已在亚洲各地接受试验。

参照译文
Section 1: 英译汉（ 60 分）
Part A （必译题）（ 30 分）
[ 参照译文 ]
前不久，科学家们对深海生物还知之甚少，也不太相信它们正受到威胁。

现在，随着深海探测技术的发展，研究人员发现 660 多英尺，即 200 米深的海底生存着大量多种多样的物种。

但与此同时，渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达以前更深的地方，进行海底拖网捕捞，而此种深海捕捞则可在几分钟内就把大自然几百年乃至几千年的一切毁灭。

例如，世界上的许多种珊瑚在二百多米深的海底才能找到。

此外，据估计世界上一些最高的海底山约有一半位于深海海底。

这些海底隆起的地方，海洋生物特别丰富。

这些深海生态系统为鱼类和其它生物提供生存、产卵、繁殖的场所，俄保护它们免遭大海流和猎食者的侵袭。

此外，据信这些深海生态系统蕴藏着世界上最丰富的生命宝库，估计有五十万至一亿种生物生活在这些大体上未经勘探极脆弱的生态系统中。

当我们现在刚刚开始认识这些地区极其丰富的生物多样性，并发现这些新物种可能为人类社会带来好处时--如新食品和新药品，这些地区却面临着永远消失的危险。

由于确定物种丰富地区的能路增强，由于拖网捕涝能到达比过去更深的区域，商业渔船可把足球场大小的拖网撒入海中，碰上什么捕捞什么，同时损坏了脆弱的珊瑚，破坏礁石和海底山的脆弱结构，而正是这些东西为生活在深海海底的无数鱼类和其它海洋生物提供了赖以生存的场所。

因为深海海底拖网捕捞是最近才出现的一种现象，它所造成的损害还是有限的。

如能赶紧采取措施防止这些在公海上的破坏活动，它为海洋环境和子孙后代带来的好处将是无法估量的。

这些好处将远远超过渔业短期内需承担的花费。

Part B 二选一题（ 30 分）
选题一
[ 参照译文 ]
世界上大多数艾滋病患者生活在非洲，并以惊人的速度大批死亡。

据估计， 2003 年底非洲的艾滋病患者达到 2660 万人。

联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也可以说明它蔓延的速度是维持不变，或在加快，还是在放慢。

艾滋病最猖獗的地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还包括博茨瓦纳和赞比亚。

1981 年艾滋病的出现在世界上得到确认，没过几年，这种病就在非洲东部流行起来--当地人管它叫"瘦病"，因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦。

关于这种病毒的发源地，一种说法是发源于东刚果盆地；然而关于艾滋病来源的说法不一，很有争议，且带有浓厚的政治色彩；这场争论至今还远未结束。

整个非洲都在采取措施，最主要的是提高公众意识和防范手段，包括建议忠实于一个性伴侣和使用避孕套。

人们一般不愿使用避孕套，因为不习惯，还有文化方面的原因，同时它也不符合基督教和伊斯兰教的教义，它们更强调自我约束。

在防治艾滋病的活动中，重要的一项就是提倡"自愿就医检查"，这项活动，有的市政府组织的，有的是民间组织的，也有的是政府和民间共同组织的。

此外，医学研究也找到了一种办法，虽然不能治愈，也可对患者有所帮助。

"全球预防艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾基金会"是世界各国政府部门、市民社会、私人企业和患者群体的一个协作机构，是应联合国秘书长的号召，于 2001 年发起成立的。

这一机构为防治艾滋病的各项活动提供资金。

然而，即便只是为了制止艾滋病的蔓延，这也是远远不够的。

选题二
[ 参照译文 ]
作为一个最不发达国家的领导人，就切身体验而言，我认为贫穷是一个非常复杂的现象，战胜贫穷的方法也是多种多样的，而且在很大程度上取决于当地的情况，因此也就没有一件特别有效的法宝。

许多年来，我们吃过不少苦头。

我们对各种不同的主张进行了试验。

然而，世界经济论坛不久前发表的一份报告称，全世界应在 2015 年完成的战胜贫穷、饥饿和疟疾的目标，至今只勉强完成了应完成的三分之一。

现在我确信，要实现联合国于 2000 年确定的各项新前年发展目标，必须要有一项全球协议。

该协议必须基于符合当地情况的国家政策。

援助和贸易都是必要的，但光靠它们还是不够的。

只靠善治也是不够的。

事实上，没有地方社会力量的直接参与，任何事情都不可能取得进展。

我担心的是我们说得太多。

这可不是上策。

我想举一个例子来说名义向全球协议是怎么在坦桑尼亚运作，以实现普及基础教育的。

二十世纪九十年代中期，基础教育几乎各项指标都大幅下滑。

毛入学率从八十年代初的 98% 下降到 2000 年的 77.6% 。

净入学率也从 80% 以上下降到只有 58.8% 。

随后发生了几件事情。

最高政治领导层决定将基础教育列为最优先发展的项目，并通过了" 小学教育五年发展计划"，规定于 2006 年普及基础教育，比全球的规定目标提前九年。

善治使国库日渐充实，政府收入八年来翻了两番。

2001 年，我们接受了世界银行为重债穷国进一步免除债务的安排。

随后还有捐助者直接把钱划入我们的预算，或捐给小学教育发展计划设立的合作基金。

政府的政治决心从以下情况可以得到验证：五年来，国家预算中用于消除贫穷的部分增加了130% 。

我们还取消了小学的学费。

此外，我们还保证所有涉及小学教育发展计划的项目都由地方来确定、规划、拥有、执行和评估。

这就使得人们为自己的所作所为感到骄傲，感到光彩。

小学教育发展计划只实行了两年，就取得了巨大的成功。

Section 2: 汉译英（ 40 分）
Part A （必译题）（ 20 分）
[ 参照译文 ]
In the new century, the international situation has continued to undergo profound and complicated changes. World multipolarization and economic globalization are progressing amid twists and turns. Science and technology are advancing with each passing day. We have before us both development opportunities that we must seize and grave challenges that we must deal with seriously. Despite the widespread conflicts and clashes of interests and increasing numbers of factors of uncertainty and instability in the world today, peace and development remain the overriding themes of the times. The world needs peace, countries desire development and people want cooperation. This has become an irresistible trend of history.
At present, Asia, on the whole, enjoys stability, with peace, development and cooperation becoming the mainstream of an advancing Asia. With concerted efforts, relevant Asian countries have freed themselves from the shadow of the financial crisis, overcome the impact of SARS and bird flu, succeeded in economic restructuring,
quickened the tempo of industrial upgrading and transformation, promoted a robust regional cooperation, and increased the capacity to tide over potential risks. Asia has retained its position as one of the world's most dynamic regions and a key growth point in global trade. We are full of confidence in the future of Asia's development.
Part B 二选一题（ 30 分）
选题一
[ 参照译文 ]
Up to now, China has built 19,000km of highways. Since 1990, some 3,700km of highways have been added each year. By 2020, highway networks will connect all major Chinese cities, and the total length of China's highways will be 55.000km, second only to that of the United States.
The impact of highway networks will be huge. Urban belts will emerge; people's lifestyles will change; and the economic growth rate of interchange cities will surge, as the convenient transportation facilities will attract more investors.
Many international developers share this view. Both the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are lending heavily to support China's road expansion. They believe highway construction is vital for poverty alleviation. Since the late 1990s, the Asian Development Bank has reduced its road investment in China's economically developed eastern areas and shifted its focus to the relatively poor western region.
During its highway construction, China pays great attention to the building of feeder roads, as they can help smaller towns make full use of the development opportunities brought about by the construction of nearby trunk highways.
选题二
[ 参照译文 ]
For a long time, Westerners have been skeptical about the efficacy of China's patent drugs made of medicinal herbs. In the past few years, traditional Chinese medicine has been subject to rigorous scientific scrutiny worldwide.
To prove and enhance the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, China's mainland (the mainland of China) has poured huge amounts of money into hard research on this field. While Hong Kong has been endeavoring to make itself the world leader in research on traditional Chinese medicine, Taiwan has put forward a plan to transform itself into a traditional Chinese medicine technology center.
Research into traditional cures is also blossoming at universities and other institutions outside Asia. These efforts to unlock the secrets of traditional remedies could produce benefits for sufferers of diseases that have confounded both Western and traditional Chinese medicines.
Although there are still differences between Western and traditional Chinese medicines in theory, some world-known pharmaceutical companies, taking interest in traditional Chinese medicine, have launched small research projects in China. A number of new medicines have already undergone trials across Asia.。