全国翻译专业资格(水平)英语二级笔译实务模拟试卷一

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英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(2)

英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（2）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题LONDON—Webster's Dictionary defines plague as "anything that afflicts or troubles; calamity; scourge." Further definitions include "any contagious epidemic disease that is deadly; esp., bubonic plague" and, from the Bible, "any of various calamities sent down as divine punishment." The verb form means "to vex; harass; trouble; torment."In Albert Camus' novel, The Plague, written soon after the Nazi occupation of France, the first sign of the epidemic is rats dying in numbers: "They came up from basements and cubby-holes, cellars and drains, in long swaying lines; they staggered in the light, collapsed and died, right next to people. At night, in corridors and side-streets, one could clearly hear the tiny squeaks as they expired. In the morning, on the outskirts of town, you would find them stretched out in the gutter with a little floret of blood on their pointed muzzles, some blown up and rotting, other stiff, with their whiskers still standing up."The rats are messengers, but—human nature being what it is—their message is not immediately heeded. Life must go on. There are errands to run, money to be made. The novel is set in Oran, an Algerian coastal town of commerce and lassitude, where the heat rises steadily to the point that the sea changes color, deep blue turning to a "sheen of silver or iron, making it painful to look at." Even when people start to die—their lymph nodes swollen, blackish patches spreading on their skin, vomiting bile, gasping for breath—the authorities' response is hesitant. The word "plague" is almost unsayable. In exasperation, the doctor-protagonist tells a hastily convened health commission: "I don't mind the form of words. Let's just say that we should not act as though half the town were not threatened with death, because then it would be."The sequence of emotions feels familiar. Denial is followed by faint anxiety, which is followed by concern, which is followed by fear, which is followed by panic. The phobia is stoked by the sudden realization that there are uncontrollable dark forces, lurking in the drains and the sewers, just beneath life's placid surface. The disease is a leveler, suddenly everyone is vulnerable, and the moral strength of each individual is tested. The plague is on everyone's minds, when it's not in their bodies. Questions multiply: What is the chain of transmission? How to isolate the victims?Plague and epidemics are a thing of the past, of course they are. Physical contact has been cut to a minimum in developed societies. Devices and their digital messages direct our lives. It is not necessary to look into someone's eyes let alone touch their skin in order to become, somehow, intimate. Food is hermetically sealed. Blood, secretions, saliva, pus, bodily fluids—these are things with which hospitals deal, not matters of daily concern.A virus contracted in West Africa, perhaps by a man hunting fruit bats in a tropical forest to feed his family, and cutting the bat open, cannot affect a nurse in Dallas, Texas, who has been wearing protective clothing as she tended a patient who died. Except that it does. "Pestilence is in fact very common," Camus observes, "but we find it hard to believe in a pestilence when it descends upon us."The scary thing is that the bat that carries the virus is not sick. It is simply capable of transmitting the virus in the right circumstances. In other words, the virus is always lurking even if invisible. Itis easily ignored until it is too late.Pestilence, of course, is a metaphor as well as a physical fact. It is not just blood oozing from gums and eyes, diarrhea and vomiting. A plague had descended on Europe as Camus wrote. The calamity and slaughter were spreading through the North Africa where he had passed his childhood. This virus hopping today from Africa to Europe to the United States has come in a time of beheadings and unease. People put the phenomena together as denial turns to anxiety and panic. They sense the stirring of uncontrollable forces. They want to be wrong but they are not sure they are.At the end of the novel, the doctor contemplates a relieved throng that has survived: "He knew that this happy crowd was unaware of something that one can read in books, which is that the plague bacillus never dies or vanishes entirely, that it can remain dormant for dozens of years in furniture or clothing, that it waits patiently in bedrooms, cellars, trunks, handkerchiefs and old papers, and that perhaps the day will come when, for the instruction or misfortune of mankind, the plague will rouse its rats and send them to die in some well-contented city."下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题PARIS-When France won its second Nobel Prize in less than a week on Monday, this time for economics, Prime Minister Manuel Valls quickly took to Twitter, insisting with no shortage of pride that the accomplishment was a loud rebuke for those who say that France is a nation in decline."After Patrick Modiano, another Frenchman in the firmament: Congratulations to Jean Tirole!" Mr. Valls wrote. "What a way to thumb one's nose at French bashing! Proud of France."Some in the country were already giddy after Mr. Modiano, a beloved author, whose concise and moody novels are often set in France during the Nazi occupation, won the Nobel Prize for literature last week. The award helped to raise the global stature of Mr. Modiano, whose three books published in the United States—two novels and a children's book—before the Nobel had collectively sold fewer than 8,000 copies.Joining in the chorus, Le Monde suggested in an editorial that at a time of rampant French-bashing, Mr. Modiano's achievement was something of a vindication for a country where Nobel Prizes in literature flow more liberally than oil. Mr. Modiano was the 15th French writer, including Sartre and Camus, to win the award.Yet this being France, a country where dissatisfaction can be worn like an accessory, some intellectuals, economists and critics greeted the awards with little more than a shrug at a time when the economy has been faltering, Paris has lost influence to Berlin and Brussels, the far-right National Front has been surging, and Francois Hollande has become one of the most unpopular French presidents in recent history. Others sniffed haughtily that while France was great at culture, it remained economically and politically prostrate.Even Mr. Modiano may have unintentionally captured the national mood when, informed of his prize by his editor, he said he found it "strange" and wanted to know why the Nobel committee had selected him.Even Mr. Modiano may have unintentionally captured the national mood when, informed of hisprize by his editor, he said he found it "strange" and wanted to know why the Nobel committee had selected him.Alain Finkielkraut, a professor of philosophy at the elite 图片Polytechnique, who recently published a book criticizing what he characterized as France's descent into conformity and multiculturalism, said that rather than showing that France was on the ascent, the fetishizing of the Nobel Prizes by the French political elite revealed the country's desperation."I find the idea that the Nobels are being used as a riposte to French-bashing idiotic," he said. "Our education system is totally broken, and the Nobel Prize doesn't change anything. I have a lot of affection for Mr. Modiano, but I think Philip Roth deserved it much more. To talk that all in France is going well and that the pessimism is gone is absurd. France is doing extremely badly. There is an economic crisis. There is a crisis of integration. I am not going to be consoled by these medals made of chocolate."Robert Frank, a history professor emeritus at the University of Paris 1—Sorbonne, and the author of The Fear of Decline, France From 1914 to 2014, echoed that the self-aggrandizement that had greeted the prizes among the French establishment reflected a country lacking in self-confidence. In earlier centuries, he noted, the prize had been greeted as something obvious.When French writers or intellectuals won Nobels in the mid-20th century, "there was no jolt at that time, because France still saw itself as important, so there wasn't much to add to that," he said. "Today, it may help some people to show that France still counts in certain places in the world. This doesn't fix the crisis of unemployment, however, that is sapping this society."In academic economic circles, Mr. Tirole's winning the 2014 Nobel in economic science for his work on the best way to regulate large, powerful firms, was greeted as a fitting tribute to a man whose work had exerted profound influence. It added to an already prominent year for French economists, as seen from Thomas Piketty's book, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, which became an immediate best-seller when translated into English six months ago.Mr. Tirole's work gained particular attention after the 2008 financial crisis, which revealed problems in the regulation of financial firms in the United States and Europe.But some noted the paradox of the award going to an economist from a nation where the economy was less than shimmering, and where many businesses and critics bemoan a culture of excessive red tape.Others like Sean Safford, an associate professor of economic sociology at Institut 图片Politiques de Paris, the elite institute for political studies known as Sciences Po, said Mr. Tirole, a professor of economics at the University of Toulouse in France, was notable for coming at a time of economic malaise and brain drain, when so many of the country's brightest are emigrating elsewhere in Europe or to the United States. "The average French person, who is struggling to pay the bills, is not going to rejoice," he said.At a time when France is trying to overhaul its social model amid withering resistance to change, others said the award had laid bare the country's abiding stratification between a small, hyper-educated elite and the rest of the country.Peter Gumbel, a British journalist living in France who most recently wrote a book on French elitism, said that while the prize would provide some sense of national validation, the two men did not reflect the country as a whole."Undoubtedly the French ecosystem produces incredibly smart people at the very top end, whoare capable of winning prizes, and who fall into a grand tradition, and that is what the French school system is geared to Produce," he said.上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家，一个经历了深重苦难的国家，一个实行中国特色社会主义制度的国家，一个世界上最大的发展中国家和正在发生深刻变革的国家。

英语二级《笔译实务》样题

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage1There they come,trudging along,straight upright on stubby legs,shoulders swinging back and forth with each step,coming into focus on the screen just as I’m eating my first bite of popcorn.Then Morgan Freeman’s voice informs us that these beings are on a long and difficult journey in one of the most inhospitable places on earth,and that they are driven by their“quest for love.”I’ve long known the story of the emperor penguin,but to see the sheer beauty and wonder of it all come into focus in the March of the Penguins,the sleeper summer hit,still took my breath away.As the movie continues, everything about these animals seems on the surface utterly different from human existence;and yet at the same time the closer one looks the more everything also seems familiar.Stepping back and considering within the context of the vast diversity of millions of other organisms that have evolved on the tree of life—grass,trees, tapeworms,hornets,jelly-fish,tuna and elephants—these animals marching across the screen are practically kissing cousins to us.Love is a feeling or emotion—like hate,jealousy,hunger,thirst—necessary where rationality alone would not suffice to carry the day.Could rationality alone induce a penguin to trek70miles over the ice in order to mate and then balance an egg on his toes while fasting for four months in total darkness and enduring temperatures of minus-80degrees Fahrenheit?Even humans require an overpowering love to do the remarkable things that parents do for their children.The penguins’drive to persist in behavior bordering 笔译实务（英语·二级）试卷第1页（共4页）on the bizarre also suggests that they love to an inordinate degree.I suspect that the new breed of nature film will become increasingly mainstream because,as we learn more about ourselves from other animals and find out that we are more like them than was previously supposed,we are now allowed to“relate”to them,and therefore to empathize.If we gain more exposure to the real—and if the producers and studios invest half as much care and expense into portraying animals as they do into showing ourselves—I suspect the results will be as profitable,in economic as well as emotional and intellectual terms—as the March of the Penguins.Passage2After years of painstaking research and sophisticated surveys,Jaco Boshoff may be on the verge of a nearly unheard-of discovery:the wreck of a Dutch slave ship that broke apart239years ago on this forbidding,windswept coast after a violent revolt by the slaves.Boshoff,39,a marine archaeologist with the government-run Iziko Museums, will not find out until he starts digging on this deserted beach on Africa’s southernmost point,probably later this year.After three years of surveys with sensitive magnetometers,he knows,at least, where to look:at a cluster of magnetic abnormalities,three beneath the beach and one beneath the surf,near the mouth of the Heuningries River,where the450-ton slave ship,the Meermin,ran aground in1766.If he is right,it will be a find for the history books—especially if he recovers shackles,spears and iron guns that shed light on how147Malagasy slaves seized their captors’vessel,only to be recaptured.Although European countries shipped millions of slaves from Africa over four centuries,archaeologists estimate that fewer than10slave shipwrecks have been found worldwide.If he is wrong,Boshoff said in an interview,“I will have a lot of explaining to do.”笔译实务（英语·二级）试卷第2页（共4页）He will,however,have an excuse.Historical records indicate that at least30 ships have run aground in the treacherous waters off Struis Bay,the earliest of them in1673.Although Boshoff says he believes beyond doubt that the remains of a ship are buried on this beach—the jagged timbers of a wreck are sometimes uncovered during September’s spring tide—there is always the prospect that his surveys have found the wrong one.“Finding shipwrecks is just so difficult in the first place,”said Madeleine Burnside,the author of Spirits of the Passage,a book on the slave trade,and executive director of the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society in Key West, Florida.“Usually—not always—they are located by accident.”Other slave-ship finds have produced compelling evidence of both the brutality and the lucrative nature of the slave trade.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following two passages into English.Passage1改革开放27年来，中国发生了巨大变化。

全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试：2021二级口译真题模拟及答案(1)

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试：2021二级口译真题模拟及答案(1)共421道题1、What mistaken view do most people hold about Arabic?（单选题）A. Colloquial Arabic is the everyday spoken language, which varies from country to country.B. Arabic is just one language that all Arabs understand, speak and write.C. Classical Arabic and Modem Arabic are two different kinds of written Arabic.D. Pan-Arabic provides a means of communication between educated people of different Arab nationalities.试题答案：B2、Porsena’s was ______.（单选题）A. one of the biggest tombs of the lot.B. a big tomb consisting of ten pyramids.C. a monument with a square base whose sides were 19 metres long and 15 metres high.D. a monument of rectangular masonry.试题答案：D3、The legal actions have ______.（单选题）A. created more downloaders of music from home computers.B. changed people’s attitude toward intellectual property rights.C. been effective in curbing legal downloading and trading of music.D. has no effect whatsoever.试题答案：C4、Which nation is the largest polluter in the world?（单选题）A. USA.B. China.C. Russia.D. Japan.试题答案：A5、The resistance forces have done which of the following?（单选题）A. Toppling the American-led new Iraqi government.B. Killing several people holding important positions in the new Iraqi government.C. Re-electing their own mayor of Baghdad.D. Capturing several American soldiers of the occupying force.试题答案：B6、Which of the following is NOT the purpose of America’s central bank?（单选题）A. Controlling the flow of money in the economy.B. Overseeing the activities of banks.C. Producing and distributing bank notes and coins.D. Contributing to the maintenance of a stable financial system.试题答案：C7、The speaker of the passage is of the opinion that ______.（单选题）A. protecting the farmland is more important than protecting wild animalB. protecting endangered species is more important than protecting the interests of the farmersC. protecting the farmland and the wild animals are equally importantD. one can rely more on bees than mice to frighten beasts off the farm试题答案：C8、When you pass information onto your brain, for a boy ______.（单选题）A. you get more information than a girlB. you get less information than a girlC. you collect information faster than a girlD. you collect information more slowly than a girl试题答案：B9、What challenge does the European industry face?（单选题）A. Investing in the hi-tech industries.B. Shifting to more innovative production.C. Manufacturing products.D. Marketing.试题答案：B10、The author believes that the enjoyment of literature comes from ______.（单选题）A. shockB. an anticipation of phraseC. the originality of the thoughtD. ingeniousness试题答案：B11、Which of the following statements can NOT justify the high price that Toshiba pays in the current deal, according to the passage?（单选题）A. Pressure from other powerful rivals.B. Prospects of development in the future.C. Envisioned potential profits.D. The high intrinsic value of the purchased corporation.试题答案：D12、Which of the following is true about the Japanese economy, according to the passage?（单选题）A. It will slide into deflation very soon.B. It has been affected by economic recession for almost ten years.C. It has maintained a sustained economic recovery for the past decade.D. It will propose to attract more American businesses to invest in key industries.试题答案：B13、It can be concluded from the passage that ______.（单选题）A. it is hopeful to bring solar energy into average householdsB. it is feasible to use nuclear energy to run home appliancesC. it is economical to use water to heat housesD. it is possible to use wind to power machines试题答案：A14、A trip to the Himalayas is ______.（单选题）A. comfortable but expensiveB. hard but cheapC. comfortable and cheapD. hard and expensive试题答案：D15、According to the talk, which of the terms are different from each other?（单选题）A. Written Arabic and pan-Arabic.B. Classical Arabic and written Arabic.C. Modern Arabic and written ArabicD. Modern Arabic and colloquial Arabic.试题答案：D16、Which of the following is NOT a reason that many motorway accidents are categorized under headings other than sleepiness?（单选题）A. The Transport and Road Research Laboratory finds the cause as “perceptual errors”.B. Drivers are unwilling to admit to “falling asleep” for fear of being dismissed.C. Few investigators inquire further to discover the actual reasons hidden behind.D. Insurance companies are reluctant to pay insurance for drivers’ sleepiness.试题答案：A17、Which of the following movies won Julia Roberts a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress?（单选题）A. Blood Red.B. Steel Magnolias.C. Pretty Woman.D. Run Away Bride.试题答案：B18、Cheap protein substitutes from milk, eggs and meat ______.（单选题）A. may be obtained from vitamin and mineralsB. are being sought by scientistsC. can be gotten from soybeansD. can be found in iodized salt试题答案：C19、What do most studies show?（单选题）A. A decline in the tobacco industry would lead to more unemployment.B. The rate of employment has nothing to do with the tobacco industry.C. Increase in tobacco production will result in the decline of employment.D. The workforce may be better off with a reduced tobacco industry.试题答案：D20、The Recording Industry Association of America（单选题）A. persuaded people to download its music from the Internet.B. is trying to stop people stealing their music stored in the computer.C. started suing people playing their music to the public.D. has taken effective measures to dissuade people downloading music from the Internet.试题答案：D21、According to the talk, where could visitors get something to eat in the evenings?（单选题）A. In a pub.B. In a fish-and-chip shop.C. In a good restaurant.D. In a factory canteen.试题答案：B22、Why is the case of Ainu, the Japanese dialect, mentioned in the passage?（单选题）A. As an example of endangered language.B. To show the diversity of languages in Japan.C. To testify the effectiveness of multilingual approach.D. To criticize neglect of minority tongues by Japanese government.试题答案：C23、Which is not the reason related to the shrinking of the world’s freshwater reserves ______.（单选题）A. Climate change.B. Poor sanitation.C. Pollution.D. Population growth.试题答案：B24、What is an effective way of keeping the elephants away from farmland?（单选题）A. Placing hives full of bees on the farmland that elephants frequent.B. Placing empty bee hives on the farmland.C. Placing either occupied bee hives or empty ones on the farmland.D. Releasing the bees in the face of an approaching elephants.试题答案：C25、Under what circumstance can we tell an accident is probably caused by sleepiness?（单选题）A. If traffic is light and vehicles are well-spaced on the road.B. When there is only one car involved in the accident.C. If there is no skid marks or other signs of braking on the road.D. All of the above.试题答案：D26、Which of the following is true about coral reefs?（单选题）A. They play a significant role in biodiversity.B. They account for 25% of the marine life.C. More than a quarter of marine life feed on them.D. They are threatened by marine life and could be killed.试题答案：A27、Generally speaking, men play ball games much better than women because ______.（单选题）A. men play ball games more often than womenB. men love ball games more than women doC. men’s hand and eye movements are quicker in responseD. men have a smaller number of nerves in their brains than women试题答案：C28、What do those who are concerned about body shape tend to do?（单选题）A. They are harder on others than on themselves.B. They usually focus on the bad things about themselves.C. They often direct their attention to the good things about themselves.D. They try to have great smiles and healthy legs.试题答案：B29、Why is a “selling panic” much less likely in the housing market?（单选题）A. Because most houses are primary residences.B. Because people have locked in low mortgaged rates.C. Because people could only qualify for smaller mortgages.D. Because people don’t believe housing market would crash.试题答案：A30、The passage is mainly about ______.（单选题）A. gay marriageB. gay divorceC. human rightsD. the infamous crime against nature试题答案：A31、The purpose of this passage is to ______.（单选题）A. frighten people with the rapid melting of the Greenland ice sheetB. urge people to take some measures to curb the melting of the Greenland ice sheetC. promote people’s environmental protection consciousnessD. let people know the time the Greenland ice sheet will take to melt试题答案：C32、The video security systems ______.（单选题）A. play an important role in arresting terrorists before they take actionB. have cost the U.S. Department of Homeland Security more than $ 40 million so farC. are mainly deployed near WashingtonD. work better than they have been expected to试题答案：B33、The passage is about the use of energy from ______.（单选题）A. the sunB. the windC. the waterD. the oil试题答案：A34、How many American states have forbidden same-sex marriage clearly?（单选题）A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.试题答案：C35、According to Nishida, the current buying decision by Toshiba is a response to ______（单选题）A. fierce competition in nuclear power businessB. failure in other businesses like semiconductors and DVD playersC. popularity of nuclear power around the worldD. expected increase in market demand for nuclear power generation试题答案：D36、Which of the following is a disadvantage of living in a cosmopolitan city, according to the passage?（单选题）A. The pollution.B. The traffic congestion.C. The high cost of living.D. The population decrease.试题答案：C37、The speaker of the passage is of the opinion that ______.（单选题）A. protecting the farmland is more important than protecting wild animalB. protecting endangered species is more important than protecting the interests of the farmersC. protecting the farmland and the wild animals are equally importantD. one can rely more on bees than mice to frighten beasts off the farm试题答案：C38、What attitude do most people adopt toward the word “mental”?（单选题）A. Enthusiastic.B. Disapproving.C. Indifferent.D. Appreciative.试题答案：B39、Which of the following statement is true, according to the above message?（单选题）A. Singapore has lost 28 percent of its native forest habitat since 1819.B. Singapore has lost nearly 95 percent of its overall biodiversity since 1819.C. All of Singapore’s surviving species are concentrated in one-quarter of the country’s total area.D. Most of Singapore’s surviving species are concentrated in land designated as forest reserves.试题答案：D40、How is pan-Arabic similar to Esperanto and Latin?（单选题）A. Both pan-Arabic and Esperanto are spoken on the radio and television in the Arab world.B. Educated people who speak different languages can use it to communicate with each other.C. Pan-Arabic, which was derived from Latin, was used by educated people in the Middle AgesD. Esperanto and Latin are now used in the same way as pan-Arabic.试题答案：B41、Research on infants’ behavior has shed light on ______.（单选题）A. their relations with their parents.B. their emergent dispositions.C. their abilities to organize and coordinate information.D. how they solve problems on their own.试题答案：D42、Nearly half the world’s population ______.（单选题）A. still lives in the developing countriesB. earns less than $1 a dayC. has no access to safe drinking waterD. 1ives on less than $2 a day试题答案：D43、According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（单选题）A. The current deal is scheduled to be completed within half a year.B. What Toshiba buys is a nuclear power supplier.C. The purchased corporation is headquartered in Pennsylvania.D. New nuclear plants are likely to be built in India by Toshiba.试题答案：B44、Which of the four major sectors contributing to carbon emissions accounts for the largest share?（单选题）A. Industrial processes.B. Residential and commercial buildings.C. Transportation.D. Electricity generation.试题答案：D45、What attitude does the speaker hold toward the architect-craftsmen in the early 20th century according to the passage?（单选题）A. Sympathy.B. Appreciation.C. Scorn.D. Irony.试题答案：D46、What has become more serious and urgent in China than elsewhere in East Asia?（单选题）A. Economic structural reforms.B. Unemployment and domestic demand.C. Capital outflow,D. Private consumption and investment.试题答案：A47、What does the passage mainly discuss?（单选题）A. The acquisition of British Nuclear Fuels by Toshiba.B. The acquisition of Westinghouse Electric by Toshiba.C. Toshiba’s expansion in nuclear power business.D. Toshiba’s embarking on nuclear power business.试题答案：B48、Hector Berlioz is regarded ______.（单选题）A. as a man that breaks all rules of composition in music.B. as a music genius that no other musician rivals.C. as a self-disciplined fellow countryman by the French.D. as someone difficult to be classified.试题答案：B49、Was there an unanimous opinion on the U.S. aid?（单选题）A. Yes. Hard-liners made a turn in their hostile attitude toward the U.S.B. No. Public opinion remained divided over the issue.C. No. The reformists are more worried this time around.D. Yes. It is widely held that the aid offers a chance for ending Iran’s international isolation.试题答案：B50、Why does the speaker ask us to consider “turning off a light switch”?（单选题）A. To show that the climate system is sensitive to light.B. To illustrate the sudden move from one climate state to another.C. To demonstrate how to operate the light switch.D. To explain how the operating mode works under increasing pressure.试题答案：B51、Which of the following statements is not mentioned as serious consequences of coral loss?（单选题）A. A reduction in tourism.B. Increased coastal damage from hurricanes.C. The extinction of the estimated 1 million species of fish.D. The collapse of reef fisheries.试题答案：C52、The passage is mainly about ______.（单选题）A. gay marriageB. gay divorceC. human rightsD. the infamous crime against nature试题答案：A53、Architectural work in Californian ______.（单选题）A. bears little resemblance to mainstream American architectural design.B. is diversified in form.C. is primitive compared with the work accomplished in the East Coast areas.D. represents the future of architectural style.试题答案：B54、Countries sometimes spoil their beauty spots because ______.（单选题）A. they are too poor to build beautiful hotels on themB. they have to cut down trees to build hotels on themC. they have to sell them to borrow money from foreign banksD. they are lacking experience in building hotels试题答案：A55、According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（单选题）A. The potential health hazards of mobile phones call for further research.B. The Australian scientists find no connection between growth of tumors in human body and radiation from mobile phones.C. The Italian scientists’ belief is shared by other scientists.D. The British government inquiry didn’t establish any link between health risks and use of mobile phones.试题答案：B56、Which of the following statements is NOT true about Harbin according to the speaker?（单选题）A. It has a population of 2.16 million and borders Russia.B. Its culture is a combination of Asian ethnic minorities and other neighboring countries.C. It is the home of many Russian refugees who fled the 1917 Revolution.D. The Chinese Eastern Railway plays an important role in the city’s industrialization.试题答案：A57、What did U.S. Secretary of Agriculture do last week?（单选题）A. He banned McDonald from using meat from unhealthy cattle.B. He stopped the selling of meat from unhealthy cattle.C. He lost the trust from the public.D. He issued a recall of the meat from unhealthy cattle sold last month.试题答案：B58、Which of the following is NOT true for the use of tusks?（单选题）A. To dig for salt.B. To remove the bark from the tree.C. To move trees and branches to clear a path.D. To pull trees and branches to establish territory.试题答案：D59、The local people sometimes kill tourists when ______.（单选题）A. the tourists are much richer than themselvesB. the tourists are robbedC. the tourists do not enjoy local customs and habitsD. the tourists resist attempts to rob them试题答案：D60、According to the talk, for what is the Glasgow School of Art famous?（单选题）A. Its educational faculty.B. Its collection of art works.C. Its architectural design.D. Its museums and art galleries.试题答案：C61、Kwashiorkor ______.（单选题）A. is especially harmful to childrenB. is caused by starvationC. affects adults onlyD. is confined to Latin America试题答案：A62、How do the militants justify their kidnapping of oil workers?（单选题）A. They argue that oil resources in the Niger Delta region are exhausting.B. They are not satisfied with the generous Pay of the oil workers.C. They claim that the Niger Delta region is off limit to foreign oil companies.D. They see their action as protest against the uneven distribution of the oil wealth.试题答案：D63、Only one of the following statements is false, according to what was said. Which one is it?（单选题）A. Researchers said estimates of atomic bomb survivors' radiation doses are accurate.B. Doubts about the accuracy of methods used to collect exposure data in 1945 prompted the review.C. The earlier methods were unable to detect radioactive fallout because the researchers could not get close to the bomb site.D. The amount of nickel in each copper sample can be correlated to the intensity of radiation exposure at the site.试题答案：C64、The speaker indicates that the dramatic critic is ______.（单选题）A. inclined to be objectiveB. conditioned by certain requirements of his columnC. happy to oblige the backers of playsD. suspicious of criticism directed against him试题答案：B65、Under what circumstance can we tell an accident is probably caused by sleepiness?（单选题）A. If traffic is light and vehicles are well-spaced on the road.B. When there is only one car involved in the accident.C. If there is no skid marks or other signs of braking on the road.D. All of the above.试题答案：D66、What advantage does the purchase give Lenovo?（单选题）A. Lenovo can use a world-famous brand name for some time.B. Lenovo can hold 18. 9％ of the stocks of IBM.C. Lenovo can enter into the area of catering to businesses over the Internet.D. Lenovo can shake off a US $500 million debt.试题答案：A67、Which of the following is not a fact according to what you hear?（单选题）A. Although similar in many ways to smallpox, monkeypox is less infectious than smallpox.B. Although similar in many ways to smallpox, monkeypox is less deadly than smallpox.C. The disease occurs primarily in Central and West Africa.D. State and federal officials know no patients had direct contact with infected prairie dogs kept as pets.试题答案：D68、What can be inferred from the passage?（单选题）A. The housing market once crashed.B. The investment market once crashed.C. The housing market is about to crash.D. The predictions of a housing crash have come true.试题答案：B69、What could be an appropriate title for the passage?（单选题）A. Identity Crisis for WomenB. Role Changes of Genders and the Industrial RevolutionC. Sex and WorkD. The Struggle Towards Equality of Men and Women试题答案：B70、Which description is NOT mentioned by Blackstone about homosex?（单选题）A. An infamous crime against nature.B. An offence that is as malignant as rape.C. A heinous act.D. A crime not fit to be named.试题答案：B71、According to the passage, ______.（单选题）A. terrorists have deployed 756 vehicle bombs in Britain since 1970B. the consortium aims to study terrorism and responses to terrorismC. terrorists would rather figure out a way to solve problems than attack a targetD. car bombs seldom happen in Britain试题答案：B72、What could be an appropriate title for the passage?（单选题）A. Identity Crisis for WomenB. Role Changes of Genders and the Industrial RevolutionC. Sex and WorkD. The Struggle Towards Equality of Men and Women试题答案：B73、Which of the following is typical of a cosmopolitan city?（单选题）A. People from different parts of the world live and work together.B. There are almost three million people living and working in the city.C. There are super amenities, ranging from the excellent shops and restaurants.D. People can enjoy an urban lifestyle with cultural events such as concerts and operas.试题答案：A74、The American and British armies ______.（单选题）A. have experimented with cluster bombs in the recent war in Iraq.B. have suffer great casualties from cluster bombs used by its enemies.C. have planned to use cluster bombs in future war fairs.D. has been accused by the human rights group for using cluster bombs in the past.试题答案：D75、Who were taken hostage in the reported kidnapping?（单选题）A. Two Norwegians, one Ukrainian, and one Briton.B. Four Norweigians.C. Two Norwegians and two Britons.D. Two Norwegians and two Ukrainians.试题答案：D76、What is the speaker’s attitude toward individualism?（单选题）A. Families and troops should not be influenced by individualism, which is very strong in our society.B. We should nurture virtues like self-sacrifice, loyalty and love to phase out individualism.C. Individualism is so strong in our society that it will replace virtues like self-sacrifice, loyalty and love even in families.D. An individualistic society is not what we want, though it’s powerful.试题答案：A77、The legal actions have ______.（单选题）A. created more downloaders of music from home computers.B. changed people’s attitude toward intellectual property rights.C. been effective in curbing legal downloading and trading of music.D. has no effect whatsoever.试题答案：C78、Why are many people on restricted or reduced diets?（单选题）A. Because they are concerned about their weight.B. Because they are allergic to milk products.C. Because they have a lot of health problems.D. Because they frequently complain about their food.试题答案：A79、Which statement about China is NOT true?（单选题）A. It comes the second among nations in carbon emissions.B. It has five percent of the world’s population.C. It accounted for nearly half of the global increase in emissions in the last decade.D. Its carbon emissions have jumped 47％since l990.试题答案：B80、How come the cure could be worse than the disease?（单选题）A. Human rights groups could sabotage the war on terrorism.B. Terrorism could infringe upon human rights.C. The terrorists may take revenge and harm innocent people.D. The government may use anti-terrorism as an excuse to arbitrarily execute people it does not like.试题答案：D81、Which of the following is true according to the speaker?（单选题）A. The atmosphere is marked with turbulences.B. The deep waters are full of turbulent currents.C. The atmosphere is heated from above.D. The deep waters are heated from below.试题答案：A82、Hector Berlioz is regarded ______.（单选题）A. as a man that breaks all rules of composition in music.B. as a music genius that no other musician rivals.C. as a self-disciplined fellow countryman by the French.D. as someone difficult to be classified.试题答案：B83、What was the impact of the currency crisis that broke out in Thailand in 1997?（单选题）A. Emerging markets had no confidence in their economic growth.B. Foreign capital continued to flow into emerging markets at a slower rate.C. International investors profited a lot from emerging markets.D. There was a sudden outflow of foreign capital from emerging markets.试题答案：D84、The major cause of malnutrition in the world is lack of ______.（单选题）B. vitaminC. mineralsD. food试题答案：D85、Antithesis is a means of securing ______.（单选题）A. surpriseB. subtletyC. comelinessD. balance试题答案：A86、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a success in the latter half of the 20th Century?（单选题）A. The increase of life expectancy in developing countries.B. The lowing of infant mortality rates.C. The increase of university enrolment by 80％.D. The increased access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.试题答案：C87、Why did Federal agents arrest a Florida man?（单选题）A. Because he registered an illegal Internet domain name.B. Because he registered a pornographic website.C. Because he lured kids to web porn.D. Because the Internet domain names are misspelled.88、Which of the following is NOT true about improved communication?（单选题）A. It can train more innovative producers.B. It can promote commodity exchange.C. It can promote health care.D. It can promote the development of education.试题答案：A89、According to the speaker, ______ .（单选题）A. the Japanese imported industrial silicon for breast implants after World War II.B. the invading forces sold silicon to Japanese women working in factories.C. plastic surgery is also very popular with women in Western countries.D. Asian women undergoing plastic surgery are eager to emigrate to the US.试题答案：C90、Smugglers’ Gulch ______.（单选题）A. is a ravine which is watched 24 hours a dayB. is a place where many illegal immigrants would get help from AmericaC. is a place where Rafael is trying to cross the fence into MexicoD. is one of the places of Mexico试题答案：A91、According to the passage, why are the public in eastern Germany especially furious with the politicians?（单选题）A. Because the politicians have failed to fulfill the objective of employment.B. Because the court fails to convict the tomato-thrower very soon.C. Because the unemployment benefits are going to be reduced.D. Because the unemployment benefits are going to be stopped.试题答案：C92、Food and fiber production have ______（单选题）A. been the major concern of the US government of the last 50 years.B. been more than doubled over the last half century.C. reduced dramatically.D. been the main source of export for US agriculture.试题答案：A93、Which of the following aspects form the basis for a new vision in agricultural research?（单选题）A. Lessons in the past and changing American values.B. Increasing demand for food production.C. Globalization and scientific progress.D. All of the above except (B).试题答案：D94、What will happen with the freshening of waters?（单选题）A. Sea-ice formation will reduce,B. Antarctic ice shelves will melt.C. Rainfall will increase,D. The circulation of deep waters will reduce.试题答案：D95、What did U.S. Secretary of Agriculture do last week?（单选题）A. He banned McDonald from using meat from unhealthy cattle.B. He stopped the selling of meat from unhealthy cattle.C. He lost the trust from the public.D. He issued a recall of the meat from unhealthy cattle sold last month.试题答案：B96、In North America, ______.（单选题）A. consumers cut down 2 and half million hectares of forest each year.B. the forest service spends a huge sum of money trying to repair the damage caused by consumers.C. deforestation has cause huge amount of loss.D. fires have caused steep loss to the forests.试题答案：D97、Two main processes that determine oil prices are ______.（单选题）A. media accounts and oil marketsB. economic fundamentals and irrational fears or the actions of shadowy governmentsC. consumers’ fears and suppliers’ political decisionsD. the forces of supply and demand and constraints on those forces created by political risk and cartel behavior。

英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(13)

英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（13）(1/1)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题There was, last week, a glimmer of hope in the world food crisis. Expecting a bumper harvest, Ukraine relaxed restrictions on exports. Overnight, global wheat prices fell by 10 percent.By contrast, traders in Bangkok quote rice prices around $1,000 a ton, up from $460 two months ago.Such is the volatility of today's markets. We do not know how high food prices might go, nor how far they could fall. But one thing is certain: We have gone from an era of plenty to one of scarcity. Experts agree that food prices are not likely to return to the levels the world had grown accustomed to any time soon.Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day—the "bottom billion," the poorest of the world's poor. Most live in Africa, and many might typically spend two-thirds of their income on food.In Liberia last week, I heard how people have stopped purchasing imported rice by the bag. Instead, they increasingly buy it by the cup, because that's all they can afford.Traveling through West Africa, I found good reason for optimism. In Burkina Faso, I saw a government working to import drought resistant seeds and better manage scarce water supplies, helped by nations like Brazil. In Ivory Coast, we saw a women's cooperative running a chicken farm set up with UN funds. The project generated income—and food—for villagers in ways that can easily be replicated.Elsewhere, I saw yet another women's group slowly expanding their local agricultural production, with UN help. Soon they will replace World Food Program rice with their own home-grown produce, sufficient to cover the needs of their school feeding program.These are home-grown, grass-roots solutions for grass-roots problems—precisely the kind of solutions that Africa needs.下一题(1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第2题中华文明经历了5000多年的历史变迁，但始终一脉相承，积淀着中华民族最深层的精神追求，代表着中华民族独特的精神标识，为中华民族生生不息、发展壮大供了丰厚滋养。

英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(1)

英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（1）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题"Wisdom of the Crowd": The Myths and RealitiesAre the many wiser than the few? Phil Ball explores the latest evidence on what can make groups of people smarter—but can also make them wildly wrong.Is The Lord of the Rings the greatest work of literature of the 20th Century? Is The Shawshank Redemption the best movie ever made? Both have been awarded these titles by public votes. You don't have to be a literary or film snob to wonder about the wisdom of so-called "wisdom of the crowd",In an age routinely denounced as selfishly individualistic, it's curious that a great deal of faith still seems to lie with the judgment of the crowd, especially when it can apparently be far off the mark. Yet there is some truth underpinning the idea that the masses can make more accurate collective judgments than expert individuals. So why is a crowd sometimes right and sometimes disastrously wrong?The notion that a group's judgement can be surprisingly good was most compellingly justified in James Surowiecki's 2005 book The Wisdom of Crowds, and is generally traced back to an observation by Charles Darwin's cousin Francis Galton in 1907. Galton pointed out that the average of all the entries in a "guess the weight of the ox" competition at a country fair was amazingly accurate—beating not only most of the individual guesses but also those of alleged cattle experts. This is the essence of the wisdom of crowds: their average judgment converges on the right solution.Still, Surowiecki also pointed out that the crowd is far from infallible. He explained that one requirement for a good crowd judgement is that people's decisions are independent of one another. If everyone let themselves be influenced by each other's guesses, there's more chance that the guesses will drift towards a misplaced bias. This undermining effect of social influence was demonstrated in 2011 by a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. They asked groups of participants to estimate certain quantities in geography or crime, about which none of them could be expected to have perfect knowledge but all could hazard a guess—the length of the Swiss-Italian border, for example, or the annual number of murders in Switzerland. The participants were offered modest financial rewards for good group guesses, to make sure they took the challenge seriously.The researchers found that, as the amount of information participants were given about each other's guesses increased, the range of their guesses got narrower, and the centre of this range could drift further from the true value. In other words, the groups were tending towards a consensus, to the detriment of accuracy.This finding challenges a common view in management and politics that it is best to seek consensus in group decision making. What you can end up with instead is herding towards a relatively arbitrary position. Just how arbitrary depends on what kind of pool of opinions you start off with, according to subsequent work by one of the ETH team, Frank Schweitzer, and his colleagues. They say that if the group generally has good initial judgement, social influence can refine rather than degrade their collective decision.No one should need warning about the dangers of herding among poorly informed decision-makers: copycat behaviour has been widely regarded as one of the major contributing factors to the financial crisis, and indeed to all financial crises of the past.The Swiss team commented that this detrimental herding effect is likely to be even greater for deciding problems for which no objectively correct answer exists, which perhaps explains how democratic countries occasionally elect such astonishingly inept leaders.There's another key factor that makes the crowd accurate, or not. It has long been argued that the wisest crowds are the most diverse. That's a conclusion supported in a 2004 study by Scott Page of the University of Michigan and Lu Hong of Loyola University in Chicago.They showed that, in a theoretical model of group decision-making, a diverse group of problem-solvers made a better collective guess than that produced by the group of best-performing solvers.In other words, diverse minds do better, when their decisions are averaged, than expert minds. In fact, here's a situation where a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing. A study in 2011 by a team led by Joseph Simmons of the Yale School of Management in New Haven, Connecticut found that group predictions about American football results were skewed away from the real outcomes by the over-confidence of the fans' decisions, which biased them towards alleged "favourites" in the outcomes of games.All of these findings suggest that knowing who is in the crowd, and how diverse they are, is vital before you attribute to them any real wisdom.Could there also be ways to make an existing crowd wiser? Last month, Anticline Davis-Stober of the University of Missouri and his co-workers presented calculations at a conference on Collective Intelligence that provide a few answers.They first refined the statistical definition of what it means for a crowd to be wise—when, exactly, some aggregate of crowd judgments can be considered better than those of selected individuals. This definition allowed the researchers to develop guidelines for improving the wisdom of a group. Previous work might imply that you should add random individuals whose decisions are unrelated to those of existing group members. That would be good, but it's better still to add individuals who aren't simply independent thinkers but whose views are "negatively correlated"—as different as possible—from the existing members. In other words, diversity trumps independence.If you want accuracy, then, add those who might disagree strongly with your group. What do you reckon of the chances that managers and politicians will select such contrarian candidates to join them? All the same, armed with this information I intend to apply for a position in the Cabinet of the British government. They'd be wise not to refuse.下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?Answering that is proving to be a surprisingly difficult scientific question because knowing the basic facts about shale is not enough.The layers have been well mapped for years. In fact until recently geologists tended to regard shale as commonplace, even dull—a view that has obviously changed.The key tool is a seismic survey: sound waves are sent into the ground and the reflections reveal the patterns of the rocks. This describes where the shale lies but not much more.So we know, for example, that the Bowland Shale—which straddles northern England—covers a far smaller area than the massive shale formations of the United States but it is also much thicker than they are.That may mean that it is a potentially richer resource or that it is harder to exploit. Britain's geological history is long and tortured, so folds and fractures disrupt the shale layers, creating a more complex picture than across the Atlantic.To assess what the layers hold involves another step: wells have to be drilled into the rock to allow cores to be extracted so the shale can be analysed in more detail.As Ed Hough of the British Geological Survey told me: "We know the areas under the ground which contain gas and oil—what we don't know is how that gas and oil might be released from the different units of rock and extracted.""There's a lot of variability in these rocks—so their composition, their history and the geological conditions all come into play and are all variable."That means that neighbouring fracking operations might come up with very different results.In a lab at the BGS near Nottingham, I'm shown a simple but effective proof that shale does contain the hydrocarbons—gas and oil—at the heart of the current surge in interest.A few chunks of the rock are dropped into a beaker of water and gently heated until they produce tiny bubbles which rise like strings of pearls to the surface.It is a sight which is both beautiful and significant—the bubbles are methane, which the government hopes will form a new source of home grown energy.The gas and oil were formed millions of years ago when tiny plants and other organisms accumulated on the floor of an ancient and warm ocean—at one stage Britain lay in the tropics. This organic matter was then compacted and cooked by natural geological warmth which transformed it into the fuels in such demand now.So one question is the "total organic content" of the shale—how much organic material is held inside—and there can be large variations in this.But establishing that the shale is laden with fossil fuels is only one part of the story. The samples, extracted from deep underground, then need to be studied to see how readily they would release the fuels.So the BGS scientists fit small blocks of the shale into devices that squeeze it and heat it—trying to mimic the conditions that would be experienced during a fracking operation, when high pressure water and chemicals are injected into the shale to break it apart.Understanding how the shale behaves is essential to forming a judgment on how lucrative it might prove to be—or how unyielding or difficult, as some shale can turn out to be.Dr Caroline Graham, a specialist in geomechanics with the BGS, explained what the research into the rock samples was trying to achieve: "We'll be able to understand better how likely they are to produce certain amounts of gas, how easily they will frack and therefore it will give us a far better idea of how viable the UK deposits are economically speaking."These are early days for the science. And hopes that Britain will be able to copy America's shale revolution may be unrealistic.A senior executive from a global energy company once said a decision on whether to exploit a new shale "play" or area would only be made after 40-60 exploration wells had been dug. Professor Paul Stevens, an energy expert with the Royal Institute for International Affairs, said: "It's going to take a lot more wells to be drilled and a lot more wells to be fractured before we even get an idea of the extent to which we might expect a shale gas revolution and over what time period."So establishing that British shale is rich in oil and gas is only one step of a long journey. The current state of the science only goes so far. How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题基础设施互联互通是融合发展的基本条件。

2020年英语翻译资格考试2级笔译模拟试题及答案(1)完整篇.doc

2016年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(1)Section 1: V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)Part 1 V ocabulary Selection1. The Kyoto Protocol has been designed to ____ the global environmental problems. A. dress B. address C. stress D. distress2. Part of the investment is to be used to ____ that old temple to its original splendor. A. rest B. recover C. replace D. restore3. The list of things we need to think about which will be ______ by climate change is endless.A. affiliatedB. affectedC. affirmedD. effected4. Now a single cell phone is able to store a large ____ of information about an individual life.A. dealB. numberC.amountD. account5. We will not be held responsible for any damage which results ____rough handling. A. from B. off C. in D. to6. Our products are displayed in Stand B22, ____ you will find me during office hours. A. when B. which C. that D. where7. We cannot see any possibility of business _____ your price is on the high side of the prevailing market trend.A. whichB. sinceC. thatD. though8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. occurredC. occursD. occur9. “They’re the best team I’ve seen thus far,”says ____ men’s basketball coach Larry Brown.A. American’sB. USC. the USAD. United State of America10. Many Americans do not understand why there is so much international criticism of the US policy on ____ change.A. atmosphereB. skyC. weatherD. climate11. In order to obtain the needed information, you should write simply, clearly, and concisely ____ the reader wants to know.A. whatB. thatC. so thatD. which12. Regarding insurance, the ____ is for 110% of the invoice value of the goods that a manufacturer wants to export.A. amountB. coverC. insuranceD. premium13. Since the shipment consists of seasonable goods. it is important that it is ____ as soon as possible.A. deletedB. demandedC. deliveredD. detached14. The long service of decades of the to-be-retired with the company was ____ a present each from the President.A. confirmed byB. recorded inC. acknowledged witD. appreciated for15. Home to magnates and gangsters, refugees and artists, the city was, in its ____ a metropolis that exhibited all the hues of the human character. A. prime B. primary C. privacy D. probation16. Buildings in the southeast of the UK are going to have to be constructed ____ those in Scotland if the report findings are correct. A. as B. like C. likely D. are like17. The state of Michigan now requires sports fans to make an annual ____ of $125 to $500 a seat to keep their end zone perches at Michigan Stadium. A. tributary B. attribution C. contribution D. distribution18. The possibilities for ____ energy sources, including solar power, wind power, geothermal power, water power and even nuclear energy promise greatly to the earthlings. A.altitude B.alternate C.alternating D. alternative19. Americans who consider themselves ____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful. A. pedestrian B. penchant C. patriotic D. patriarch20. The countries that are being blamed for the extragreenhouse gases in the atmosphere are the rich and developed countries. On a different ____, the developing countries feel they will suffer the most of it. A. nod B. note C. norm D. notionPart 2 V ocabulary Replacement21. He remained calm In the face of the impending danger.A. terrificB. trivialC. astonishingD. imminent22. “Holmes!”I whispered. “What on earth are you doing in this disgusting place?”A. humbleB. unpleasantC. underprivilegedD. noisy23. The futility of the program resulted from poor planning. A. possible failure in the futureB. ineffectiveness and uselessnessC. blindness to its mistakesD. potential disaster24. Construction of the gigantic office building in this city was for years intermittentA. stopping and starting at intervalsB. something that will happen soonC. being watched with keen interestD. anything that comes and goes25. Although many modifications have been made in it, thegame known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.A. rulesB. changesC. demandsD. leagues26. Your silence implies countenancing his abject behavior; therefore please clarify your stand to him.A. supportingB. obscuringC. concealingD. assisting27. The graduate committee must be in full accord in their approval of a dissertation.A. indecisiveB. sullenC. vocalD. unanimous28. We regret being unable to entertain your request for providing free boarding to 15 sportsmen for two weeks.A. receiveB. complyC. coincideD. consider29. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.A. superiorityB. authorityC. guidanceD. consider30. One of the things we have to do to prevent a pandemic is to make sure people understand and know what they can do to minimize the commotion.A. commandB. collusionC. turmoilD. tutelage31. One of the effective ways to lessen environmentalpollution is the reservation and protection of more swamps.A. vast thick coralsB. pockets of wet landC. warm volcanoeslions of bees and wasps32. The word “wrath”in The Grapes of Wrath by the Nobel prize winner John Steinbeck probably means:A. great angerB. large crowdsC. hard laborD. sudden storms33. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. sentimentalC. outstandingD. entire34. The ancient Jewish people regarded themselves as the salt of the earth, the chosen few by God to rule the world.A. outcastB. eliteC. nomadD. disciple35. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogenous toys”.A. identicalB. homosexualC.unrelatedD. distinguishableKEYS：Part 1 共20题，每题0.5分，满分为10分1. B2. D3. B4. C5. A6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. BPart 2 共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35 .A2016年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(2)Part 3 Error Correction1. An “epigram”is usually descried as a bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.A. describedB. discardedC. deservedD. disconcerted2. Human beings are superior to animals that they can use language as a tool of communication.A. in thatB. in whichC. for thatD. for which3. The Xinjiang Airlines serve passengers and customers in the southeast of China only.A. servesB. to serveC. servingD. service4. The senior senator has in the past three terms both experienced the sweet taste of success and the bitterness of defeat in his legislation fights with his opponents.A. both experiencesB. experiences bothC. experience bothD. experienced both5. Our company has been made one of the largest manufacturers in the field of chemical industry.A. become, inB. made, in field ofC. became, in the fieldD. been made of, in6. Daylight saving time was instituted to increase productivity.A. reorganizedB. startedC. encouragedD. taught7. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.A. did not because they say they did notB. were against because they say they don’tC. did not because they said they did notD. were against coming because they said they don’t8. Some of the Low-end Made-in-China mechanical-electronic products are not selling well in export market as compared with what are termed as high-end ones.A. on export marketB. in exporting marketC. in exported marketD. in the export market9. Construction is expanding all over China, no doubt many materials will be needed at a very big amount in future.A. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for a very big amountB. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in a very big amountC. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in large amountsD. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for large amounts10. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and oceans was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.A. resolveB. resolvesC. to resolveD. being resolved11. Water makes up some 70 percentage points of the body, and drinking enough water —either tap water or expensive mineral water —will ensure that the body is properly lubricated and flushed.A. per-centB. per capitaC. percentD. percentage12. “We’re not bringing in millions of dollars,”says a director of development. “But we want to make sure the demand is there before we act to the project.”A. ofB. offC. onD. for13. By using new foreign textbooks, we could not only learn the right expression of business ideas, but also we will know the lastest developments in the business world.A. but also will know the lastestB. but also know the lastestC. but also know the latestD. but also come to know the latest14. The affluent middle class created by the Asian boom now take up over from exports as the main engine of growth.A. take over from exportsB. take from exportsC. take exportsD. takes exports15. Japan and the newly industrialized countries are passing labor-intensive sects as garmentmaking over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.A. sects likeB. sectors likeC. sections asD. sections such as$age$Section 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points) The time for this section is 70 minutes.Questions 51 —60 are based on the following passage.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up in 1988 to assess information on climate change and its impact. Its Third Assessment Report predicts global temperature rises by 2100 of between 1.4℃and 5.8℃. Although the issue of the changing climate is very complex and some changes are uncertain, temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world and have a knock-on effect with sea-level rises.Scientists have argued about whether temperature rises are due to human activities or due to natural changes in our environment. The IPCC announced in 2001 that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable to human activities”. This was a more forceful statement than in1996 when the Second Assessment Report stated that there was a “discernible human influence on the climate”which was the first time they had concluded such a link. Many experts believe the faster the climate changes, the greater the risk will be.Key points of the projections for climate change globally include that by the second half of the 21st century, wintertime rainfall in the northern mid to high latitudes and Antarctica will rise, that meanwhile Australia, Central America and southern Africa are likely to see decreases in autumn precipitation, that some land areas in the tropics will see more rainfall, and that there will generally be more hot days over land areas.16. IPCC probably does not ______.A. analyse climate change informationB. record weather changes on its premisesC. predict what is to happen to the earthD. collect weather date from many countries17. According to the passage, a Chinese city that recorded 45 degrees Celsius at noon on August 4,2004, will most probably witness a temperature measuring _____ at 12:00 sharp in the year of 2100.A. 46.1℃B. 1.4℃C. 5.8℃D. a number that I do not know18. According to the author, climate researchers _____.A. are quite sure about why it’s getting hotter and hotterB. declared that we humans are the cause why it’s getting hotterC. have discussed the possible cause why it’s hotterD. have claimed that changes in nature are the roots of hotdays19. Based on the text, we know that temperature rises will probably _____.A. knock off sea levelsB. have a serious effect on sea-level risesC. keep the sea level risingD. keep knocking at the sea20. The IPCC announcement three years ago that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is”_____.A. possibly due to human activitiesB. possibly because human activitiesC. due to likely human activitiesD. human activities likely attributable21. Which statement was more forceful?A. “Global temperature will rise by 2100 between 1.4℃and5.8℃B. “Temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world”.C. “Most of the warming is likely to be attributable to humanactivities”.D. There was a “discernible human influence on the climate”.22. The Second Assessment Report was released ____ years ago.A. fiveB. sixC. sevenD. eight23. “Such a link”in the passage refers most probably to _____.A. IPCC and climate changesB. global temperatures and sea levelsC. natural changes and human activitiesD. human activities and temperature rises24. “The risk”mentioned in the text probably refers to _____.A. a possibility that there will be more climate changesB. a potential that sea level will possibly keep risingC. temperature rises that are expected to affect all countriesD. a prediction warning human beings not to ruin the environment25. Obviously, the word “precipitation”most probably refers to _____.A. latitudeB. rainfallC. temperatureD. projectionKEYS：Part 3 共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分1. A2. A3. A4. D5. A6. B7. C8. D9. C 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. D14. D 15. BSection 2 共50题，每题1分，满分为50分16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B20. A21. C22. D 23. D 24. C 25. B2016年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(3)Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity? First, those clever beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old-fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals.Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and tearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture!This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrotsare probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.1. What is an “outlet”in the context of this passage?A. An opportunity for expression.B. A place to let.C. A chance of escape into a woodD. An exit for a marketer.2. What does “the uninitiated”mean?A. People who visit animals in urban zoos.B. People who do not like animals of the wild.C. People who know little about a certain topic.D. People who do not visit zoos every year.3. According to the author in Paragraph 1, what animals suffer most in captivity?A. Climbing animals.B. Hunting animals.C. Parroting animals.D. Singing animals.4. What do you think “hatching and rearing their young”means?A. Raising families.B. Getting on well with smaller birds.C. Behaving like young birds.D. Attacking smaller birds.5. Which is the “lee side”of the pond?A. The side the wind is blowing from.B. The side which is sheltered from a storm.C. The side the wind id blowing towards.D. The side where the water is the deepest.6. According to the author, swans in captivity are ______.A. happy unless their wings have been cutB. happy most of the time, but unhappy sometimesC. unhappy most of the timeD. only happy when they are bringing up families7. What effect does confinement have on clever animals, according to the text?A. They never stop trying to escape.B. They lose all their muscles.C. They become unhygienic.D.They may go mad.8. In Paragraph 3, the expression “have no compunction about”most probably means”have no _____.A .reaction toB. understanding ofC. second thoughts aboutD. enlightenment on9. What does the author say about sentimental old ladies?A. They do not care about animals.B. They hate making animals suffer.C. They enjoy making animals suffer.D. They do not realise the consequences.10. What do you think “large corvines”probably are?A. Another kind of bird.B. Another kind of parrot.C. Another kind of swans.D. Other birds that convince us.Question 71—80 are based on the following passage.The fact that most Americans live in urban areas does not mean that they reside in the center of large cities. In fact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas than in the cities themselves.The Bureau of the Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban area, and does not consider boundaries of cities and suburbs.According to the Bureau, the political boundaries are less significant than the social and economic relationships and the transportation and communication systems that integrate a locale. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area. In general, an MSA is any area that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs and has a total population of 50,000 or more.At the present time, the Bureau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for 75 percent of the US population. In addition, the Bureau recognizes 18 megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas. One of the most obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundreds of cities and suburbs across 10 states on the East Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia, including Boston,New York, and Washington, D.C. In the Eastern Corridor, as it is called, a population of 45 million inhabitants is concentrated. Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco through Los Angeles to San Diego.11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Metropolitan Statistical AreasB. Types of Population CentersC. The Bureau of the CensusD. Megapolises12. According to the passage, where do most Americans live?A. In the center of cities.B. In the suburbs surrounding large cities.C. In rural areas.D. In small towns.13. The underlined word “reside”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.A. fillB. decideC. occupyD. live14. According to the Bureau of the Census, what is an urban area?A. A chain of adjacent cities.B. An area with at least 50,000 people.C. The 18 largest cities.D. An area with 2,500 people or more.15. Which of the following are NOT considered important in defining an urban area?A. Political boundaries.B. Transportation networks.C. Social relationships.D. Economic systems.16. The underlined word “integrate”in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.A. benefitB. defineC. uniteD. restrict17. Which of the following is NOT true?A. An integrated metropolis is an MSA.B. MSA stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area.C. A metropolis includes at least a metropolitan.D. An MSA refers to city and its suburbs, with over 50,000 people.18. The underlined word “adjacent”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.A. beside each otherB. growing very fastC. the same sizeD. densely populated19. According to the passage, what is a megapolis?A. One of the 10 largest cities in the United States.B. One of the 18 largest cities in the United States.C. One of the 100 cities between Boston and Washington.D. Any number of continuous adjacent cities and suburbs.20. Why does the author mention the Eastern Corridor and the California coast in Paragraph 4?A. As examples of megapolises.B. Because 75 percent of the population lives there.C. To conclude the passage.D. The Bureau of the Census is located there.“what does the middleman do but add to the price of goods in the shops?”Such remarks are aimed at the intermediate operations between manufacturers and final customers. This practice usually attracts a lot of attention from the public and the press and the operation most talked about is what is often called wholesaling.The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the manufacturers and sells them in smaller parcels to retailers, and for this service his selling price to the retailer is raised several percent higher. But his job is made more difficult by retail demand not necessarily running level with manufacturers’production. Because he adjusts or regulates the flow of goods by holding stock until required, he frees the manufacturer, to some extent, from the effect on production of changing demand and having to bear the whole risk.The manufacture can then keep up a steady production flow, and the retailer has no need to hold heavy stocks, who can call on the wholesaler for supplies any time. This wholesale function id like thatof a valve in a water pipe. The middleman also bears part of the risk that would otherwise fall on the manufacturer and also the retailer.The wholesaler provides a purely commercial service, for which he is too well rewarded. But the point that is missed by many people is that the wholesaler is not just someone adding to the cost of goods. It is true one could eliminate the wholesaler but one would still be left with his function: that of making sure that goods find their way to the people who want them.21. “Middleman”in the passage almost equals to all the following in meaning EXCEPT _____.A. go-betweenB. intermediaryC. manufacturerD. wholesaler22. “This practice”in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to the fact that the middleman _____.A. increases the prices in the shopsB. buys from you and sells to meC. aims remarks at manufacturersD. interferes with end user customers23. The wholesaler obtains higher selling prices for _____.A. small parcels he sellsB. goods he buys in bulkC. the service he providesD. the information he offers24. A middleman’s work may become difficult because _____.A. manufacturers run their production on a much higher levelB.market demand may not be the same as industrial productionC. retailers are not necessary in running their retailing businessD. retailers demand lower levels than those demanded by manufacturers25. The wholesaler regulates the flow of goods by _____.A. running level with manufacturers’productionB. holding down stock of commoditiesC. keeping stock for stronger demandD. adjusting the prices of goods in time26. The middleman relieves the producer of _____.A. fluctuating market demand and staying at riskB. the production of commodities for the retail marketC. some extent of production of changing demandD. storing goods in a warehouse until they are needed27. What function of the wholesaler is compared to a valve?A. Controlling the flow of goods.B. Pushing up demand from retailers.C. Bearing part of the risk for manufacturers.D. Selling goods to retailers.28. Which of the following statement is true?A. People cannot do without the wholesaler’s function.B. The function of the wholesaler does not add to the cost of goods.C. The wholesaler helps to reduce the price of goods in shops.D. The wholesaler is well paid for his commercial service.29. The author quite possibly believes that the function of the wholesaler is _____.A. good but too costlyB. necessary but harmfulC. removable but necessaryD. acceptable but unnecessary30. Which of the following titles is most appropriate for this passage?A. The Greedy WholesalersB. The Wholesalers in the Public EyeC. A Retail Market with WholesalersD. Can We Do without the Wholesaler?KEYS：1. A2. C3. B4. A5. C6. B7. D8. C9. D 10.A 11.B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. A 16.C 17. C 18. A 19.D 20. A21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. C 30.D。

CATTI二级笔译实务模拟题

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级笔译实务模拟试题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts, Part A - "Compulsory Translation" and Part B - "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into Chinese. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" and write your translations on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)（30 points）The Dreadlock DeadlockIn the fall of 1993 Christopher Polk transferred from FedEx's hub in Indianapolis to take over a delivery route in Flatbush District, Brooklyn, N.Y. But moving to the country's largest community of Caribbean and African immigrants only precipitated a far more profound journey. "I was becoming culturally aware of the history of the black people," says Polk, now 31, "and that gave me these spiritual questions." His answer came providentially, by way of a music video featuring Lord Jamal, who raps about the Rastafarian belief in the sanctity of dreadlocks - the cords of permanently interlocked strands first worn by African chiefs perhaps 6,000 years ago.Now a practicing Rastafarian, Polk sports thick garlands that gently cascade onto his shoulders. "Your hair is your covenant," he says. "Once you grow your locks, it puts you on a path."Unfortunately, that path was a collision course with Federal Express's grooming policy, which requires men to confine their dos to "a reasonable style." After years of deliberation, Polk's bosses gave him a choice: shear his locks or be transferred to a lower-paid job with no customer contact. He refused both options and was terminated in June 2000.His tale is not unique. Although Rastafarians number about 5,000 nationally, today dreadlocks, twists or braids are at the height of fashion, nearly as common as Afros were 30 years ago. If Afros symbolized militancy, dreads signal a more spiritual self-declaration, a figurative locking with African ancestors. As Stanford professor Kennell Jackson, who teaches a course called "African Coiffures and Their New World Legacies," puts it, "There's a divinity to these locks."Divine or not, some employers consider them unacceptably outré. Six other New York-area FedEx employees have lost their jobs because of dreadlocks. They have sued, alleging religious discrimination; the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and New York's attorney general have also charged FedEx with violating religious protections in the Civil Rights Act.The dreadlock deadlock may be easing. FedEx altered its policy slightly a few weeks ago: in the future, observant employees who seek a waiver may wear their locks tucked under uniform hats, says a company spokeswoman. The concession isn't enough to settle the lawsuits yet. The EEOC also wantsreinstatement for the fired drivers, says trial attorney Michael Ranis. He's optimistic. Some new styles, he knows, grow more appealing over time.Part B Choice of Two Translations (二选一题)（30 points）Topic 1 (选题一)Eurasians: The New Face of AsiaFusion is in, not only as an abstract fashion concept, but in that most grounded of realities: mixed-blood people who walk, talk, and produce even more multiracial progeny. Most strange of all, these hybrids are finding themselves hailed as role models for vast masses in Asia with no mixed blood at all. "When I think of Asia, I don't necessarily think of people who look like me," says Declan Wong, a Chinese-Dutch-American actor and producer, "But somehow we've become the face that sells the new Asia."So maybe Asia's Eurasian craze is driven by the theories of that whitest of white men, economist Adam Smith. As the world gets smaller, we look for a global marketing mien, a one-size-fits-all face that helps us sell Nokia cell phones and Palmolive shampoo across the world."For any business, you can't think locally anymore," says Paul Lau, general manager at Elite Model Management in Hong Kong, who has built up a stable of Eurasians for his internationally minded clients. "At the very least, you need to think regionally. Ideally, you should think globally." A global image helps sell products, even if no one but Filipinos would ever want to buy duck-fetus eggs or Thais the most pungent variety of shrimp paste. Yanto Zainal, president of Macs909, a boutique ad agency in Jakarta, used all indos for a campaign for the local Matahari department store chain. "The store wanted to promote a more cosmopolitan image," he says. "Indos have an international look but can still be accepted as Indonesian."Channel V, the Asia-wide music television channel, was one of the first to broadcast the message of homogenized hybridism. "We needed a messenger that would fit in from Tokyo to the Middle East." Says Jonnifer Seeto, regional sales marketing manager for the channel, which began beaming its border-busting images in 1994. Star Veejay Asha Gill personifies the global look. When asked what her ethnic heritage is, Gill, a Malaysian citizen, simply shrugs. "Oh, who knows," she says. "I'm half Punjabi, mixed with some English, a little French and dribs and drabs of God knows what else." The 29-year-old speaks crisp British English, fluent Malay, and a smidgen of Punjabi. She grew up in a Kuala Lumpur neighborhood that was mostly Chinese, attended an English-speaking school and was pals with Malay and Indian kids. Gill's Channel V show, broadcast in English, has a strong following in Malaysia, Japan and the United Arab Emirates. "I'm Hitler's worst nightmare," she says. "My ethnicity and profession make me a global person who can't be defined in just one category."Topic 2 (选题二)MatterLook at all the things around us: chairs, desks, cupboards, papers and pensin our classroom; motor cars, bicycles and buses in the streets; trees, plants and animals in the countryside; birds, aeroplanes and clouds in the sky; f ishes, seaweeds and corals in the sea; stars, the moon and the sun in outer space. These and all other things including the human body, are examples of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight.What is Matter Made of?Since ancient times, learned men or philosophers have thought about matter and what it is made up of. One group of philosophers thought that matter was made up of a substance called "hyle" (实质). Another group of philosophers said that matter was made up of four substances, namely earth, water, air and fire. A third group believed that matter was made up of very tiny particles which were too small to be seen. These particles were so small that they could never be further divided into smaller particles. They gave the particles the name atoms which means "those which cannot be divided." The difference between the various kinds of atoms and the ways in which they were joined were supposed to result in the different kinds of matter.All these ideas arose purely from the mind and were not based on investigation. For many years, people believed in the second idea. But actually it is the third idea that is nearer to our present concept of matter.Dalton's Atomic TheoryIn the early nineteenth century, Dalton, an English school teacher, stated in this atomic theory that matter was made up of tiny, indivis ible particles, which he also called atoms. His laboratory work showed him that atoms could neither be divided into smaller parts nor could they be destroyed. He pictured matter as being made up of tiny solid spherical atoms. Today the idea of the atoms has been accepted. But further work has shown that contrary to Dalton's findings, atoms are made up of even smaller particles.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)This section consists of two parts, Part A —— "Compulsory Translation" and Part B - "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" and write your translations on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points, 80 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)（20 points）中国政府高度重视人口与发展问题，将人口与发展问题作为国民经济和社会发展总体规划的重要组成部分列入议事日程，始终强调人口增长与经济社会发展相适应，与资源利用和环境保护相协调。

全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试：2022二级笔译真题模拟及答案(1)

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试：2022二级笔译真题模拟及答案(1)共485道题1、Never again Alfred E. Smith sought seriously political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.（单选题）A. Alfred E. Smith seriously soughtB. seriously Alfred E. Smith soughtC. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seekD. did AlfredE. Smith seriously seekE. when Alfred E. Smith sought试题答案：D2、According to the passage, what was the strategy used to eliminate the spread of smallpox?（单选题）A. Vaccinations of entire villages.B. Treatment of individual victims.C. Isolation of victims and mass vaccinations.D. Extensive reporting of outbreaks.试题答案：C3、The result of deserved-punishment justice is .（单选题）A. the criminal’s winning of a true lifeB. the criminal’s taking death penalty for the crime committed by himC. the criminal’s denial of his true selfD. the restoration of the criminal’s guilty self to the self before the crime试题答案：D4、It is implied in the passage that ______.（单选题）A. many scientists had known dinoflagellate before 1988B. there had been no such organisms before 1988C. many scientists were in doubt about the nature of the organism in 1988D. no scientists knew anything about the organism in 1988试题答案：C5、The word “stride” underlined in Paragraph 1 probably means.（单选题）A. advanceB. prideC. positionD. route试题答案：A6、Where the words “without support from major record companies” are, the context reads that music broadcast programsrecord companies.（单选题）A. must have the support ofB. require the participation ofC. may enlist the assistance ofD. should enter partnership with试题答案：C7、Which of the following reasons does not explain the coach’s motives in arranging the experience for the Burbank team?（单选题）A. The coach wanted to inspire the boys.B. He wanted them to learn the benefits of integration.C. He wanted them to see how much better they were than the Churchill boys.D. He wanted them to appreciate the differences among people.试题答案：C8、Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because ______.（单选题）A. most Americans are heavy drinkersB. Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC. accidents attract so much publicityD. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America试题答案：D9、The word “cramped” underlined in Paragraph 3 means ______.（单选题）A. cheapB. crowdedC. depressingD. simple试题答案：B10、The ancient Greeks were much interested in speculating on the nature of the world about them.（单选题）A. specializing inB. experimenting onC. calculating on.D. pondering over试题答案：D11、The tall fellow over there is no others but the great mathematician, Bill Williams, himself.（单选题）A. no other butB. no one thanC. no other thanD. none other than试题答案：D12、We can infer that during the author’s youth, when children in San Antonio spoke Spanish in elementary school, they .（单选题）A. were praised.B. were punished.C. were put on the basketball team.D. felt proud of their Mexican heritage.试题答案：B13、According to the passage, residents in the state of Mississippi saved last year from tax breaks about.（单选题）A. $10 millionB. $47. 4 millionC. no statistics availableD. nearly a 3 percent increase试题答案：C14、When she heard the bad news，her eyes ______ with tears as she struggled to control her emotions.（单选题）A. sparkledB. twinkledC. radiatedD. glittered试题答案：A15、As a white dwarf, the sun will be.（单选题）A. the same size as the planet MercuryB. thousands of times smaller than it is todayC. around 35 million miles in diameterD. cold and dark试题答案：B16、The word “couriers” underlined in Paragraph 1 means.（单选题）A. general mail serviceB. persons sending mailsC. emergency mail serviceD. international mail service试题答案：C17、As an industry, biotechnology stands to ______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.（单选题）A. contendB. contestC. rivalD. strive试题答案：C18、The passage is primarily concerned with ______.（单选题）A. informing readers of different sea creaturesB. describing predatory microscopic organismsC. solving some long-lasting mysteries about the seaD. discussing the environment for various fishes试题答案：B19、Online retailer Dressmart .（单选题）A. proved right to do too much in a short time periodB. carried out the plan of doing its business at home firstC. made great profits by expanding its business abroadD. contracted its business from abroad before complete failure试题答案：D20、For what was the doctor in the passage charged?（单选题）A. For his incompetence.B. For his unnecessary services to the patients.C. For unusually large number of night visits.D. All the above.试题答案：D21、Which of the following is NOT true of online shopping?（单选题）A. Customers can save time by online shopping.B. Online shopping helps reduce retailers’ cost.C. Online shopping saves customers’ energy.D. Customers are sure to buy high-quality goods online.试题答案：D22、According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（单选题）A. Transporting goods and people is the most important technology in the history of mankind.B. Technology in transporting goods and people has changed human conditions more than anything else.C. Technology in spreading information has changed human conditions more than transportation technology.D. Technology in spreading information can’t change the economic development of society.试题答案：C23、Going to the moon is an example of .（单选题）A. America’s dreams and creativityB. America’s childish and queer behaviorC. why America hasn’t grown upD. why America is considered as the greatest country in the world试题答案：A24、According to the passage, why couldn’t PET and functional M. R. I. scans detect subtle changes in blood flow earlier?（单选题）A. Because there is early oxygen transfer.B. Because they do not form their images quickly enough to follow such rapid changes.C. Because researchers control the changes in blood flow.D. Because early oxygen transfer gives the flow blood energy.试题答案：B25、According to Paragraph 2, a podcast is to radio broadcasting is TiVo is to television.（单选题）A. thatB. whatC. withD. which试题答案：B26、The nursing staff are exhausted; they’ve been ______ all weekend.（单选题）A. on callB. on guardC. on lineD. on patrol试题答案：A27、According to the passage, the algae ______.（单选题）A. may not carry on photosynthesis aloneB. supply food to the fungiC. can’t live separatelyD. aren’t recognizable as a species试题答案：B28、The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than necessary.（单选题）A. is necessaryB. being necessaryC. to be necessaryD. it is necessary试题答案：A29、Evidence collected by the spacecraft on Mars shows some present volcanic action,though the volcanoes are believed to be dormant if not dead.（单选题）A. deceasedB. departedC. disappeared.试题答案：D30、The abbreviation of “GP” in the passage can probably mean.（单选题）A. General PractionerB. General ProfessionC. General PracticeD. Graduate in Pharmacy试题答案：A31、He made a career of imitating famous people for night club audiences.（单选题）A. bringing outB. taking offC. making outD. getting at试题答案：B32、According to the international regulation, the playing of the national anthem ______ all sports events.（单选题）A. precedesB. redeemsC. pretendsD. repels试题答案：A33、Mary sent me a gift and wished me many happy ______ on my birthday.（单选题）A. returnsC. congratulationsD. greetings试题答案：A34、After the cameraman had taken three or four photographs of the soldier ants, he found they had ______ all over his feet.（单选题）A. gatheredB. flockedC. crowdedD. swarmed试题答案：D35、Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?（单选题）A. Justice in SocietyB. PunishmentC. Fair TrialD. Equality试题答案：B36、Mary is as fast as, if not faster than, anyone in her class and should be on the team.（单选题）A. as fast, if not faster than, anyone elseB. as fast as, if not more fast than, anyoneC. as fast as, if not faster than, anyone elseD. as fast, if not faster than, anyone试题答案：C37、Male and female students are quite different from each other ______ the age at which they begin to develop an intellectual self-discipline.（单选题）A. with regard toB. in the light ofC. in proportion toD. on account of试题答案：A38、The writer gives several reasons why the boys on the Churchill team behaved as they did. Which of the following was not one of them?（单选题）A. They did not like the fact that the boys from Burbank spoke Spanish.B. They felt that they needed to put the Burbank boys in their place.C. They needed to reaffirm the power they felt the Burbank team threatened.D. The Burbank team did not respond to the Churchill team’s insult.试题答案：A39、Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?（单选题）A. Alarmed.B. PessimisticC. Comic.D. Objective.试题答案：D40、The selection is mainly about .（单选题）A. how the narrator’s father diedB. the inner feelings of the narrator as he visits his dying fatherC. the narrator’s childhood memories of his fatherD. the narrator’s relationship with his aunt试题答案：B41、Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago hadthey even thought of a divorce, let alonehas gottenone.（单选题）A. gettingB. to getC. gottenD. get试题答案：C42、The length of time active immunity lasts varies with different diseases,（单选题）A. changes withB. alternates withC. keeps up withD. gets along with试题答案：A43、The word “resolution” underlined in Paragraph 5 probably means.（单选题）A. a firm decisionB. the process of breaking up into partsC. an act of resolvingD. the power of a scientific instrument to give a clear picture of things试题答案：D44、These conventional techniques were applied over the centuries.（单选题）A. employedB. exploredC. manipulatedD. innovated试题答案：A45、What did the aunt feel toward the narrator’s father?（单选题）A. fearB. hateC. loveD. indifference试题答案：C46、Your personal information is everywhere-processed and manipulated, stored and sold. But few people really know what is going on and how extensive this vacation has grown.（单选题）A. vocationB. industryC. professionD. occupation试题答案：B47、“Mozart’s can” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to.（单选题）A. his human feelings can be understoodB. Mozart’s music can be analyzed carefullyC. his harmonies, rhythms, etc. can be separated from one anotherD. his musical language can be separated from his personality试题答案：D48、Which of the following statements does NOT refer to smallpox?（单选题）A. Previous projects had failed.B. People are no longer vaccinated for it.C. The World Health Organization mounted a worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease.D. It was a serious threat.试题答案：A49、According to the passage, a “dry” county is most probably a.（单选题）A. district in which alcohol is prohibitedB. country that is suffering from droughtC. land where it has usually been very dryD. wine that contains little alcoholic content试题答案：A50、The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously ______ relations between the two countries.（单选题）A. tumbleB. jeopardizeC. manipulateD. intimidate试题答案：B51、The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously ______ relations between the two countries.（单选题）A. tumbleB. jeopardizeC. manipulateD. intimidate试题答案：B52、The word “they” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to.（单选题）A. dry townsB. financial musclesC. county officialsD. real estate developers试题答案：D53、Doctors warned sun-starved tourists who received too much sunlight that they were a seriously risk than others of contracting skin cancer.（单选题）A. mostB. moreC. granderD. greater试题答案：D54、In order to earn money for his family, it is necessary for him to get a job.（单选题）A. it is necessary to get a jobB. it is necessary to find a jobC. he must get a jobD. a job must be found试题答案：C55、This project would ______ a huge increase in defense spending.（单选题）A. resultB. assureC. entailD. accomplish试题答案：C56、Doctors keep trying to ______ her of her dependence onthe drug.（单选题）A. relieveB. robC. breakD. deprive试题答案：C57、Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?（单选题）A. AlarmedB. PessimisticC. Comic.D. Objective.试题答案：D58、The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can.（单选题）A. better control the whole negotiation processB. easily find new approaches to meeting market needsC. fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD. easily make friends with businesspeople abroad试题答案：A59、These conventional techniques were applied over the centuries.（单选题）A. employedB. exploredC. manipulatedD. innovated试题答案：A60、The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was ______ to the issue at hand.（单选题）A. irrationalB. unreasonableC. invalidD. irrelevant试题答案：D61、According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（单选题）A. The imaging techniques not only measure nerve-cell activity but also the extra flow of blood that surges to the most active brain areas.B. The imaging techniques do not measure nerve-cell activity directly, but measure the flow of blood that surges to the most active brain areas.C. The imaging techniques measure the extra flow of blood that surges to the most active brain areas.D. The imaging techniques measure all the activities of the living brain.试题答案：C62、The local authorities realized the need to make ______ for elderly people in their housing programs.（单选题）A. provisionB. preparationC. requirementD. specification试题答案：A63、In cases where asbestos were employed, it was recommended that it should be used in abonded form with materials such as cement,in order loose fibers were less likely to enter the air.（单选题）A. in order thatB. rather thanC. so thatD. other than试题答案：C64、The photoperiodic response of algae actually depends on the duration of darkness, but not on the response of light.（单选题）A. is not on lightB. but is not on the lightC. and not on lightD. the light is not on试题答案：C65、Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?（单选题）A. Detailed statistics are now available.B. The news media have revealed the problem.C. Judges are giving more severe sentences.D. Drivers are more conscious of their image.试题答案：B66、What will probably be the first stage of change as the sun becomes a red giant?（单选题）A. Its core will cool off and use less fuel.B. Its surface will become hotter and shrink.C. It will use up its thermonuclear energy.D. Its center will grow smaller and hotter.试题答案：D67、The word “threat” underlined in Paragraph 2 means ______.（单选题）A. debateB. humiliationC. riskD. bother试题答案：C68、Before writing a book, the first thing is considering what to say.（单选题）A. you must first ponder what to say and what not to be said carefullyB. it’s extremely necessary that you know what to sayC. the first thing is to consider what to sayD. you must first ponder what to say and what not to say试题答案：D69、The photoperiodic response of algae actually depends on the duration of darkness, but not on the response of light.（单选题）A. is not on lightB. but is not on the lightC. and not on lightD. the light is not on试题答案：C70、Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve?（单选题）A. Alcohol is easily obtained.B. Drinking is linked to organized crime.C. Legal prohibition has already failed.D. Legislation alone is not sufficient.试题答案：D71、According to the international regulation, the playing of the national anthem ______ all sports events.（单选题）A. precedesB. redeemsC. pretendsD. repels试题答案：A72、What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?（单选题）A. To describe different kinds of phobias.B. To expound phobia and their possible treatments.C. To help the phobia sufferers to get better.D. To tell readers how to prevent such phobias.试题答案：B73、The evidence of electrical activity and other changes in brain cells after the outside stimulus has been got by observing.（单选题）A. exposed cat brainsB. the human brainsC. cat brains and the human brainsD. exposed cat brains and the human brains试题答案：D74、What does the author imply about lichens in Paragraph 1?（单选题）A. They require a lot of moisture to live.B. They primarily live in cold places.C. They can live anywhere except around people.D. They have adapted to a wide variety of environments.试题答案：D75、Rarely be seen, the white mountain goat is an extremely sure-footed animal that escapes from its predators by living in the most rugged, rocky landscapes.（单选题）A. Having been rarely seenB. Rarely to be seenC. Rarely seenD. Being rarely seen试题答案：C76、It can be inferred from the passage that ______.（单选题）A. malaria and yellow fever have been reported this yearB. no new cases of smallpox have been reported this yearC. smallpox victims no longer die when they contract the diseaseD. smallpox is not transmitted from one person to another试题答案：B77、Had he worked harder, he must get throughthe exams.（单选题）A. must have got throughB. would have got throughC. would get throughD. could get through试题答案：B78、The word “they” underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to ______.（单选题）A. organismsB. fishC. toxinsD. flesh试题答案：A79、Production of complex molecules is accomplished by replication.（单选题）A. duplicationB. synthesisC. fixationD. reproduction试题答案：A80、Which of the following statements is true?（单选题）A. Scientists have solved the mystery about the fish killer.B. More studies need to be made about the fish killer.C. It is proved that the algae are reducing fish populations.D. Humans have already been affected by the toxin.试题答案：B81、A “disk jockey” is most possibly a .（单选题）A. disk playing deviceB. joker playing disksC. broadcasting workerD. hockey player on radio试题答案：C82、The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to ______ that it wasa car.（单选题）A. ensureB. examineC. verifyD. testify试题答案：C83、He didn’t buy the book because he was interested in poetry.（单选题）A. He didn’t buy the book because he was not interested in poetry.B. He bought the book, but it is not because he was interested in poetry.C. He bought the book because he was interested in poetry.D. He bought the book because he was not interested in poetry.试题答案：B84、Which of the following is true of DHL according to the passage?（单选题）A. It cooperates with TNT Skypack.B. It is showing signs of exhaustion.C. It might have a leading position in the international courier business.D. It has an annual growth rate of 5 %.试题答案：C85、According to the passage, scientists can’t observe some of the earliest steps in brain activity becausee.（单选题）A. those changes are subtle and masked by some reactionsB. subtle changes in blood flow began earlierC. the imaging techniques are out of placeD. the flow of blood to increase to an area of the brain is slow86、According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（单选题）A. Transporting goods and people is the most important technology in the history of mankind.B. Technology in transporting goods and people has changed human conditions more than anything else.C. Technology in spreading information has changed human conditions more than transportation technology.D. Technology in spreading information can’t change the economic development of society.试题答案：C87、Which of the following is an example of symbiosis as it is described in Paragraph 2?（单选题）A. Certain types of tall grass conceal tigers because of the tigers’ striped markings.B. Fish called remoras attach themselves to sharks and eat the scraps of the sharks’ meals.C. Mistletoe, a type of shrub, grows on trees and harms them by extracting water and nutrients.D. Protozoa in the intestines of termites digest the cellulose that the termites eat, and their waste products nourish the termites.试题答案：D88、The phrase “that injury” underlined in Paragraph 5 refers to.（单选题）A. his bad backB. the doctor’s weightliftingC. his clinically inappropriate practiceD. his dishonest cheating89、At the end of the passage, the author states all the following EXCEPT that ______.（单选题）A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemployment试题答案：D90、There is no provision for deadlines in the contract.（单选题）A. improvementB. convenienceC. aggregationD. stipulation试题答案：D91、The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is ______.（单选题）A. disapprovingB. acknowledgingC. noncommittalD. suspicious试题答案：D92、The phrase “people in this age group” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.（单选题）A. infantsB. people in their twentiesC. people in their thirties and fortiesD. elderly people试题答案：B93、The ______ discovery of dinosaurs’ complete genes shocked the world and was received with disbelief.（单选题）A. successfulB. allegedC. convincingD. malicious试题答案：B94、The phrase “call-outs” in the passage is used to.（单选题）A. cancelled NHSB. emergent visits to his patients at any timeC. night visits to the home of his patientsD. night walks out of his home试题答案：C95、Which of the following questions is answered according to the information given in the passage?（单选题）A. What is the toxin used by the fish killer?B. Who first discovered the organism?C. How does the fish killer paralyze fish?D. How many fishes can the organism kill each day?试题答案：C96、I hope you will read all the material before you make the final decision.（单选题）A. will be readB. will have readC. will be readingD. would have read试题答案：B97、When the author wrote “KEXP did not release numbers” in Paragraph 4, he or she most probably meant that KEXP did not.（单选题）A. label the musical products with numbersB. disclose how many songs it ever recordedC. tell the author how much it paid the lawyerD. reveal how much it paid to each of the bands试题答案：D98、According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means .（单选题）A. a criminal must be severely punishedB. a criminal must be given a punishment that is exactly the same as the crime he has doneC. a criminal must be given a punishment that he deservesD. a criminal must pay for his crime with his eyes and teeth试题答案：B99、The passage focuses primarily on.（单选题）A. problems of post offices in BritainB. the new courier service-EMSC. the competition between private and international courier servicesD. differences between EMS and DHL试题答案：B100、Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that ______.（单选题）A. many drivers were not of legal ageB. young drivers were often bad driversC. the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD. the legal drinking age should be raised试题答案：D101、He was on the ______ for six months before he found another job.（单选题）A. doleB. treatyC. snipD. slump试题答案：A102、If you ordered through an agent, please check with the agent to ______ that your order was received and processed.（单选题）A. insaneB. insultC. ensueD. ensure试题答案：D103、Which of the following conclusions does information in Paragraph 2 support?（单选题）A. Men are more susceptible to colds than women.B. Women having babies are more susceptible to colds.C. People who live in a cold climate have more colds than those who live in a warm one.D. People who don’t have children are more susceptible to colds than those who do in their thirties or forties.试题答案：B104、The result of deserved-punishment justice is .（单选题）A. the criminal’s winning of a true lifeB. the criminal’s taking death penalty for the crime committed by himC. the criminal’s denial of his true selfD. the restoration of the criminal’s guilty self to the self before the crime试题答案：D105、Obviously, “John in the Morning” is a broadcasting program that can be described by any of the following EXCEPT.（单选题）A. mixing musical works of various typesB. having a variety of musical productionsC. airing different styles of songs and musicD. being independent with only mainstream music试题答案：D106、The phrase “consumer goodwill” underlined in Paragraph 4 most possibly refers to the.（单选题）A. other extreme losses in tax revenueB. pleasant feeling the consumers may haveC. good consumption the market may sustainD. confidence consumers have over the goods试题答案：B107、By saying “condemning all of us to remain boys and girls forever, jogging and doing push-ups against eternity”, the author means that .（单选题）A. she thinks people shouldn’t be so concerned about physical fitnessB. she feels too old and tired to do such hard exerciseC. American society is overemphasizing youth and physical appearanceD. what happened to children centuries ago may occur to adults in America soon试题答案：D108、My father has been on the ______ in this factory for nearly 20 years.（单选题）A. paypacketB. payoffC. payrollD. payment试题答案：C109、The sentence “Our planet has shrunk” underlined in Paragraph 1 means that.（单选题）A. the earth has become physically smallerB. the more advanced ways of traveling has made the distance between countries shorterC. the traditional concept of our planet has become out-of-dateD. modern means of communication has made it much easier for people to communicate with each other from different parts of the world试题答案：D110、The ancient Greeks were much interested in speculating on the nature of the world about them.（单选题）A. specializing inB. experimenting onC. calculating on.D. pondering over试题答案：D111、All the following terms that appear in Paragraph 2 refer roughly to the same as “tax-free shopping” EXCEPT.（单选题）A. shoppersB. tax breaksC. tax holidaysD. promotions试题答案：A112、Which of the following statements is NOT true about mass communication?（单选题）A. It can reach no further than human voice.B. It can reach a large audience.C. It is rapid and efficient.D. It can be trusted.试题答案：A113、From the beginning of this passage we know that.（单选题）A. most of the American states were prohibited to take a restB. the United States of America prohibited others from restC. the United States of America prohibited alcohol salesD. most states in the country began to allow alcohol sales试题答案：D114、The Danes believe that they are ______.（单选题）。

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全国翻译专业资格（水平）英语二级笔译实务模拟试卷一[问答题]1.Passage 1What exactly does gl（江南博哥）obalization mean? Concepts related to globalization include “internationalization”, “multidomestic marketing”, and “multinational or divansnational marketing”, suggesting that the basic criterion is divansactions across national boundaries.In the marketing and sdivategic management literature, globalization is conceptualized as a means to gain competitive advantage by locating different stages of production in different geographic regions according to the particular region’s comparative advantage.This conceptualization focuses only on the economic aspects of globalization; social, cultural and political factors are only considered in the context of achieving economic advantage.Thus, being “culturally sensitive” in global markets is being able to sell one’s product with enough ingenuity to avoid possible pitfalls arising from the seller’s ignorance of local customs.International marketing textbooks discuss such cultural pitfalls in great detail; however, the cultural contest of globalization is always framed by the economy.Broader conceptualization of globalization can be found in other disciplines such as sociology and anthropology.Waters defined globalization as “a social process in which the consdivaints of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding.” This conceptualization with its much broader scope, allows for the examination of a number of consequences of globalization, not jut economic but social, cultural and political ones.While there are a few different conceptualizations of globalization, researchers seem to be in agreement that there are at least three dimensions of globalization: economic, political and cultural.The economic aspects of globalization stem from the spread of the capitalist world economy and the resulting expansion of goods and services.The need for cheap raw materials, cheap labor and new markets saw the expansion of the capitalist world economy from one that was primarily Eurocendivic to one that encompassed the entire world.This process was achieved by various means and often involved overcoming political resistances in the new markets.The political aspects of globalization involved establishing condivol over marketsand raw materials through either the use of direct military power or the establishment of international institutions that condivol such markets.The rise of the nation-state is an example of the political aspect of globalization, although it is argued that advances in telecommunications and information systems and the resulting consdivuctions of institutions that divansience territorial boundaries are making the nation-state obsolete.If the economic and political aspects of globalization involve material and power exchanges, the cultural of globalization involves the expression of symbols that represents facts, meanings, beliefs, preferences, tastes and values.In fact, these symbolic exchanges are increasingly displacing economic and political exchanges in the spread of global mass culture.Traditional barriers of language pose no problems to modem means of cultural production such as satellite television and film.However, the new “global culture”, despite its manifestations through consumption of global products and symbols in different part of the globe, is essentially the culture of dominant groups centered in the West.参考答案：参考译文全球化到底意味着什么?与全球化有关的概念包括“国际化”、“国内多国市场”以及“多国或跨国市场”意味着全球化的基本标准是跨国际的交易。

在市场和策略管理文化中，全球化被定义为根据某个特定地区的具有竞争力的优势，确定不同地区的不同的生产阶段，从而获得竞争优势的一种手段。

这一定义只是强调了全球化的经济性的一面；社会、文化以及政治因素只在获得经济优势的背景下才加与考虑。

因此，在全球化经济中的“文化敏感”就是能够把该国的产品以一种独具匠心的方式销售出去，同时避免因不了解当地的风俗习惯而可能遭遇的风险。

有关国际市场的教科书对这类文化风险进行了详细的阐述，但是全球化的文化竞争总是受到经济的限制。

全球化的更广泛的定义可以在社会学以及人类学等其他学科中找到。

沃特斯把全球化定义为“一种社会的进程，在此期间，社会和文化在地域方面的限制减少了，同时人们也越来越意识到这种限制的减少。

”这种更为广泛的定义可以使我们考察全球化的若干后果，不仅仅是经济方面的，也包括社会、文化和政治方面。

尽管还有一些不同的全球化的观念，研究者似乎一致认为全球化至少有三个层面：经济的、政治的和文化的。

全球化的经济层面源自资本主义世界经济的扩张以及产品和服务的扩展。

对廉价原材料、劳动力和新市场的需求，使得资本主义世界从最初以欧洲为中心而扩展到了全世界。

这一进程是通过多种方式完成的，并经常牵涉到克服新市场的政治障碍。

全球化的政治方面主要是通过直接动用军事力量或者建立能控制新市场的国际机构，从而达到对新市场和原材料的控制。

民族国家的兴起便是全球化政治层面的一个例证，尽管有人认为电信、信息系统的发展和跨越领土边界的机构的建立正在使民族国家过时。

如果全球化的经济和政治层面涉及物质和权力的交换，那么全球化的文化层面则是对那些代表着事实、意义、信仰、喜好、趣味和价值的象征性的表达。

事实上，在全球大众文化的传播中，这些象征性意义的交换正日益取代着经济和政治层面的交换。

传统的语言的障碍对诸如卫星电视、电影等现代手段的文化产品并没有制造任何麻烦。

然而，新的“全球文化”，尽管标榜的是消费全球的产品以及代表不同地区的象征意义，其本质却是以西方为中心的大国文化。

[问答题]2.Passage 2A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them.To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.There are, of course, exceptions.Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the coundivy, a divaveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another.Sdivangers and divavelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this divadition of hospitality.Someone divaveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin orsettlement.It was not a matter of choice for the divaveler or merely a charidiv impulse on the part of the settlers.It reflected the harshness of daily life if you didn’t take in the sdivanger and take care of him, there was no one else who would.And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charidiv organizations which specialize in helping the weary divaveler.Yet, the old divadition of hospitality to sdivangers is still very sdivong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist divails.“I was just divaveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understoodproperly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural divadition.As is divue of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns.Visitors who fail to “divanslate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture.It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest.Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and sdivangers.参考答案：参考译文去美国的参观者不断提出一种说法：美国人对他们是多么的友好，热情，并且乐于助人。