强调和倒装句

重难点讲解：

倒装句

英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。

（一）倒装句的意义

1. 适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。

2. 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。

（二）倒装的使用情况：

1. 副词here, there, in, out, up ,down, away, back, now, then, ahead 等位于句首，当谓语动词是be, come, go, follow, run等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时，需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即全部倒装。

2. 重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。

3. 否定结构提前引起部分倒装。

4. only + 状语引起不完全倒装。

6. 地点状语以介词短语形式出现提前，引起完全倒装。

7. so ..that.., such ..that..的句子结构中，若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒装。

练习：改写下列各句，把黑体的副词放在句首，并使主、谓语倒装

1. I have never heard a speech as exciting as this.

2. The mark was so small that I could hardly see it.

3. I had hardly turned off the light when my brother came in.

4. It has at no time been more difficult for us to pass the examination.

5. We can succeed only in this way.

6. He did not speak a word at the meeting.

7. Mary not only complained about the food, but also refused to pay for it.

8. She had no sooner begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong.

9. A boy of no more than 10 years old lay on the ground, badly wounded.

10.There was a sudden gust of wind and his hat went away.

B. 强调句句型

It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其它部分。

此句型可以用来强调目的状语、方式状语以及because引起的原因状语从句。

不能强调以as、since引导的原因状语及although引导的让步状语从句。

通常不强调系动词be后的表语，但有时可以用来强调其他系动词后的表语。

练习：改写下列各句，强调黑体字部分

1. Oliver rose from the table and walked towards the master with his bowl in his hand.

It was Oliver that/who rose from the table and walked towards the master with his bowl in his hand.

2. He is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriend.

It is his girlfriend that/ who he is eager for his parents to meet

3. Some people still practise this kind of farming in South America.

It is in South America that some people still practise this kind of farming.

4. The mother loves her baby dearly.

The mother does love her baby dearly.

5. Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.

It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.

6. His father gave him a good beating because he didn’t pass the examination.

It was because he didn’t pass the examination that his fa ther gave him a good beating.

7. In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.

It was in 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.

【典型例题】

一. 单项选择

1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn’t I realize

B. did I realize

C. I didn’t realize

D. I realized

2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.

A. you can

B. can you

C. you will

D. will you

3. If you don’t go, neither ____.

A. shall I

B. do I

C. I do

D. I shall

4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.

A. had I got, when

B. I had got, than

C. had I got, than

D. did I get, when

5. —Your father is very strict with you. —____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours

A. So he is

B. So is he

C. He is so

D. So does he

6. ____ today, he would get there by Sunday.

A. Would he leave

B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave

D. If he leave

7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.

A. I have heard or have seen

B. have I heard or seen

C. I have heard or seen

D. did I hear or see

8. —Here ____! Where is Xiao Liu? —There ____.

A. comes the bus, is he

B. comes the bus, he is

C. the bus comes, is he

D. the bus comes, he is

9. _____ he realized it was too late to return home.

A. No sooner it grew dark than

B. Hardly did it grow dark when

C. It was not until dark that

D. It was until dark that

10. Not only ____ working hard, but also ____ very polite.

A. the boy is; he is

B. is the boy; he is

C. the boy is; is he

D. is the boy; is he

11. _____ , he would have passed the exam.

A. If he were to study

B. If he studied hard

C. Had he studied hard

D. Should he study hard