语法-四大时态

一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时
（1）一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

也表示客观事实和永恒不变的真理。

时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month...),once a week等。

基本结构：①be动词：主语+be+其他；②实义动词:主语（I/we/you/they）+实义动词原形+宾语；主语（she/he/it）+实义动词第三单形式+宾语
否定形式：主语+am/is /are +not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don’t，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn’t，同时还原行为动词。

e.g.The students aren’t at school.学生们没有在学校。

Tom and Mary don’t like to read books.汤姆和玛丽不喜欢读书。

He doesn’t eat bananas.他不吃香蕉。

注意：什么是第三人称单数？
①人称代词he，she，it，是第三人称单数；
e.g.He is from Beijing.
②单个人名、地名、或称呼作主语，是第三人称单数；
e.g.Beijing is in China.
③单数可数名词或“this，that，the+单数可数名词”作主语时，是第三人称单数。

e.g.This book is black.
判断第三人称单数的绝招：既不是you，也不是I，并且是一个。

一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

e.g.Is Jim at home?吉姆在家吗？
Do you like dresses?你喜欢连衣裙吗？
Does Tom live in Canada?汤姆住在加拿大吗？
注意：助动词do/does和三单是死敌，有你没我，有我没你。

特殊疑问句：①疑问词+be+主语+其他；②特殊疑问句+一般疑问句语序。

e.g.What is his name? 他叫什么名字
Where are they ? 他们在哪里？
What do you want? 你想要什么？
What does she like? 你喜欢什么？
第三人称单数形式
（2）一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语：ago，yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month...),in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time等。

基本结构：①be动词：②行为动词。

否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn’t，同时还原行为动词。

e.g.My parents weren't at home. last night, 我父母昨天晚上没在家。

I didn't visit Mount Tai last summer.去年夏天我没有参观泰山。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首：②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。

e.g.Was Jim in the library yesterday?吉姆昨天在图书馆了吗?
Did they eat hamburgers?他们吃汉堡包了吗?
动词过去时的规则变化：
三、一般将来时:
概念：表示示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow,next day (week,month,year...),soon,in a few minutes,by..., the day after tomorrow等。

基本结构:①am/is/are going to +do;①will + do。

否定形式：①am/is/are going + not + do;①won't +do。

e.g.Mary isn't going to wash clothes tomorrow.玛丽明天不洗衣服。

We will have a singing competition next week.下周我们要进行唱歌比赛。

一般疑问句：①be放于句首；①will/shall 提到句首。

Are you going to buy me a gift?你会给我买礼物吗?
Will she help us?她将要帮助我们吗?
四、现在进行时；
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now，at this time,these days等。

基本结构：am/is/are +doing
否定形式：am/is/are + not +doing。

e.g.They aren't singing.他们没有在唱歌。

一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

e.g.Are they dancing?他们在跳舞吗?
现在分词
一、写出下列单词的现在分词：
do play dance sit make swim jump cook clean watch come read eat write sing go run fly catch help
二、用单词的适当形式填空：
1. look! Chen Jie and Mike are ___________（sing）now.
2. The small bear is ________ (climb) the tree.
3. Mike is ________ (draw) picture.
4. She is ________ (do) the dishes.
5. My brother is ________ (make) kites.
6. My father is ________ (read) a newspaper in living room.
7. Ted is __________(answer) the phone.
8. My uncle is ________ (drive) a car.
9. The students are ________(listen) to their teacher carefully.
10. Chen Jie is _________(wash) clothes.
三、选择正确答案
1. Every one ____ to their teacher in the classroom.
A. are listening
B. is listening
C. listen
2. They are singing and ___ together at the party now.
A. dance
B. danced
C. dancing
3. Listen! The birds ____.
A. is singing
B. are sing
C. are singing
4. Look! The kite ___ in the sky. A. fly B. flies C. is flying
5. They ____ riding a horse. A. is B. are C. am
6. Kate ____ playing chess. A. am B. is C. are
7. Are you washing clothes？
A. Yes, you are
B. Yes, I am
C. No, I am
8. Is he ____ TV？Yes, he is. A. watch B. watching C. not
9. ____ they taking pictures.? Yes, they are.
A. Am
B. Be
C. Are
10. It’s 10 o’clock. Ben _____ TV in the bedroom.
A. watch
B. is watching
C. watches
四、根据中文填空。

1. Sandy 正在弹钢琴。

Sandy ______ ________ the piano.
2. 听，她们正在说英语。

Listen, _______ are _______ English.
3.我正在做家庭作业。

I _________ _________ my homework.
4.她正在写信吗？________she _______a letter?
5. Zhang Peng 和Tom 在树下下棋。

Zhang Peng and Tom ________ ________ chess under the tree.
6. 你们正在植树吗？_______ you ________ trees? Yes, we are.
一般过去时练习题
小学阶段不规则动词的过去式整理：
am is -----was are-----were begin ----began
ride---rode blow----blew break----broke
bring----brought run---ran build----built
buy----bought catch---caught say---said
come---came see---saw draw---drew
drink---drank eat---ate fall----fell
drive---drove sing---sang do---did
fly----flew sit---sat fight---fought
go----went meet---met sweep---swept
sleep---slept teach----taught swim---swam
take----took leave---left tell—told
write---wrote know---knew wear---wore
get---got give----gave have---had
make----made put---put read---read
throw---threw
一、写出下列动词的过去式或动词原形。

1.go________
2.is________
3.buy________
4.swim________
5.have ________
6. watched _________
7. ate________
8. got________
9. lived ________ 10. saw ________ 11. spend ________
12. talk ________ 13. do _________ 14. teach ________
15. win ________ 16. like _________ 17. write ________
18. cry ________ 19. study _________ 20. ask ________
二、用单词的适当形式填空。

1. _____ you ______(water) the flowers yesterday?
2. Su Hai ________(go) for a walk last Sunday.
3. Mike didn’t ________(finish) his homework yesterday.
4. I _______ (pick) apples on the tree last month.
5. I_______(is) ten years old last year.
6. There _______(are) five books on the desk a moment ago.
7. They _______(sweep) the floor just now.
8. I _______ (meet) Miss White the day before yesterday.
10. I _______ (wash) clothes last weekend.
11. What did you you do on your holiday?
I _______ (go) swimming.
三、选择正确的答案。

1. I ___presents for my parents yesterday.
A. buyed
B. bought
C. buying
2. Susan _____ swimming yesterday.
A. go
B. goes
C. went
3. Danny _____ breakfast five times last week.
A. eat
B. ate
C. eated
4. Last Sunday____ Tree Planting Day.
A. is
B. were
C. was
5. I ____ a lot from our textbook.
A. learned
B. learnes
C. learning
6. We ____ to the zoo and ___ a lot of animals yesterday.
A. go; see
B. went; saw
C. goes; sees
7. What did you do last weekend ? --I _________
A. read a book
B. wash the clothes
C. go fishing
8. What did you do on your holiday? I ________
A. bought a present
B. go skiing
C. learn English
9. What did he _____ yesterday? He ____ his homework.
A. did; did
B. do; did
C. do; do
10. Yesterday my presents and I ____ our house.
A. were cleaning
B. cleaned
C. are going to clean
11. What _____ to trees in the different season?
A. happen
B. happens
C. happened
12. Last summer. I ____ in the lake and played on the beach.
A. swim
B. swam
C. will swim
13. Did you eat good food in China? ______.
A. Yes, I do
B. No, I didn’t
C. No, I did
14. We played basketball _____.
A. sometimes
B. on Saturdays
C. last Saturday 一般将来时练习题
重点讲解：
shall / will + 动词原形（shall 只能用于第一人称）
be going to + 动词原形（表示打算干什么）
be going to +地点（表示准备去）
一、用单词的适当形式填空。

I _______ ________ _______ _______ (see) a film tomorrow.
A: What _______ you _______ ______ _______ (do) next Saturday？B: I _______ __________ _______ ________(swim) with my parents. There _____________ (be) a party in our school.
Mike _______ ________ (visit ) his grandparents next week.
He __________________________（buy）a bike the day after tomorrow.
________ （fly）a kite with my father next week.
He will not _________ (go) to school tomorrow.
二、选择正确的答案。

1.I’m going to _____ some chopsticks ____ Sunday afternoon.
A. bought; on
B. buy; on
C. buy; on
2.When are you going to Hong Kong? I’m going there ____ .
A. this weekend
B. by plane
C. yesterday
3.I’m going to____ my friends this weekend.
A. visit
B. visited
C. visiting
4.I’m going to____ homework tomorrow.
A. does
B. do
C. did
5.Are you going to take a piano class? ____
A. No, we not
B. No, I am
C. Yes, I am
6. I am ___ eat breakfast at 7:15.
A. will
B. going to
C. shall
7. We are going to ____ to the park tomorrow.
A. go
B. goes
C. going
8. What film are you going to ______ ?
A. see
B. watch
C. look
9. We _____ a play tomorrow. Will you please join us?
A. are going to see
B. saw
C. sees
10. He ___ a race with Ming Ming.
A. shall have
B. will have
C. going to have
11. Where _____ you go tomorrow?
A. are
B. will
C. shall
12. ___ his brother going to climb mountains?
A. Is
B. Are
C. Am
13. Look! It _____. A. will snowing B. is going to snow C. snows
14. I ____ free this afternoon. A. be B. will be C. going to be
15. They will ____ roast ducks in Beijing. A. ate B. eats C. eat
16. I __ visit my friends this weekend.
A. go to
B. am going to
C. going to。