必修三unit3宾语表语从句以及表语从句

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
一、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。

句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。

例如：
I realize( that )I'm in charge and that everybody accepts my leadershi p.
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。

例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whi chever,
等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 她都会给需要帮助的人热情的支持。

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。

此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

The teacher will tell us whether to have the exam next Monday.
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，
当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。

I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）
he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）
当主句动词是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来
时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。

即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。

We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。

二、表语从句
表语从句：从句在复合句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。

作用:对主语进行解释说明。

一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。

可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。

1. 表语从句的连接词
连接词：that / whether /as if /as though
连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what
连接副词：when / where / why / how / because
注意：
1. that在句中无词义，只起连接作用，但不能省略；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

2. 表示“是否”时,只能用“whether”引导主语从句
3. 疑问词( when, where, why, what…)+陈述语序
4. 表语从句可以用as if/though 引导，“好象…”It looks as if it will rain soon.
5.用because引导的表语从句常用于句型：This / That / It is because （that）…
The problem is how we can find him.
His question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time .
He looked as if he was going to cry .
That’s why I was late .
2. 名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句
在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。

如：
The fact is that our team has won the game.
The truth is that she is a liar.
His suggestion is that we (should) climb to the top of the hill.
3.主语是表示“建议、命令、要求、计划（suggestion, advice, proposal, order, command, request, requirement, demand,plan）”等名词时，表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

如:
My suggestion is that we(should) set off early tomorrow.
注意：
表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.
但: 1. that引导表语从句时一般不省略.
2. if不能引导表语从句.
1. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday .
A. if
B. when
C. that
D. which
2. See the flag on top of the building That was _______ we did this morning.
A when B. which C. where D. what
3．The government has announced that a modern city will be set up in ______is still a wasteland now.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where 4．Many people wrote articles on _______Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event .
A. why
B. what
C. who
D. that
5．The couple are spending their holiday on _______is described as one of the most beautiful islands.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where 6．The book is meant for _______needs it .
A. who
B. whoever
C. whomever
D. whom
7. In his speech, Premier Wen Jiabao points out that creativity is_______it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.
A. how
B. what
C. which
D. that
8．The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth_______ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.
A. that what
B. what
C. that
D. what that 9．_______has recently been done to provide more buses for the people ,a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem .
A. That
B. What
C. In spite of what
10. _______is certain is _______prevention is more important than treatment.
A. It; that
B. What; that
C. As; what
D. What; what
11. Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, _______they lost the game.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. why
12.—The patient looks much better. _______is it that has made him_______he is today —Perhaps the special medicine and his family’s patient care.
A．What; that B．That; that C．What; what D．What; which
13. After three hours’ climbing , they reached _______ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of .
A．what B．which C．where D．that
14. A plan has been put forward _______more graduates should go to work in the country
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. how
is pretty well understood __controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that
B. when
C. what
D. how
is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _______it takes to save her life.
A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whoever
17. The how- to book can be of help to _______wants to do the job.
A. who
B. whomever
C. no matter who
D. whoever
18. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before
I left for Beijing.
A. how
B. whom
C. when
D. which
young people in the West are expected to leave_______could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
20.—Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport
—No problem.
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. what
句型转换：（将每小题中的两个简单句合并成一个复合句）
1.What is needed to open an online store I don't know.
2.How could we develop transportation without polluting the environment This was the focus of the meeting.
3.When will we have the medicine that can cure all diseases We are discussing it.
4.Whose book are you reading This is a problem.
5. Why is it important for us to become lifelong learners My son asks me about it.
用适当的连接词填空
1.The reason he came late was he was caught in the traffic jam.
2.I've just read a moving story which happened in Yushu Earthquake. That is my face is bathed in tears.
3.Imagine you are in this situation, and discuss you should do something at once.
4.The sport then was a little different from we currently know as gymnastics.
5.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I disagree.
6.Could you please tell me I can get to the nearest bookshop.
7.Several modern buildings are being built in used to be a market.
8.What we were worried about was they could manage to control the pollution.
9.I was late for school this morning. That's I stayed up too late last
night.
10.I stayed up too late last night. That's I was late for school this morning
【参考答案及解析】
1. C 句意：我脑海中突然出现一个温情的念头，用我的零花钱给妈妈买些鲜花作为她的生日礼物。

本题考察名词性从句用法。

I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday .做A warm thought 的同位语从句。

中间被suddenly came to me隔开，增加了试题难度。

此外，部分考生由于对同位语从句和定语从句不分，故错选D为答案。

2. D 表语从句中缺did的宾语。

3. A “_______is still a wasteland now .”做介词in的宾语从句，从句中缺主语句意为：政府已经宣布一座现代化的城市将在这片现在仍是废墟的地方建成。

4. A“_______Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event.”做介词on的宾语，宾语从句中不缺主干，故排除B和C。

另外that不引导介词的宾语从句（固定搭配除外），所以排除D。

5. B “_______is described as one of the most beautiful islands .”宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，
6. B whoever在宾语从句中做主语，部分学生，因为只看到介词to，误认为要添whomever做介词的宾语。

7. B “_______it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.”做表语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语，构成 it takes sth to do sth 结构。

8. A本题句子结构比较复杂，“_______ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress”做a truth的同位语从句，同位语从句中_______ a nation loses
in times of disaster为主语从句。

本句共有两个从句，故有两个引导词。

句意为“中华民族的经验证明了一个真理，即，一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。

9. C “_______has recently been done to provide more buses for the people”在句中做让步状语,而D. Though what错误, 因为, 一个单一的从句不能用两个连词引导.句意: 尽管在为人们提供更多公交车这件事上, 投入了很多, 但是公交工具的缺乏, 仍然是个问题.
“_______is certain”在句中做主语,主语从句缺少一个主语,需要用What; “_______prevention is more important than treatment .”系表语从句,句意与结构完整,只有that,可以这样用。

“_______ they lost the game.”在句子中做the fact 的同位语从句,从句意思结构完整,结构完整。

12. C先将句子结构理清楚，it is _______that has made him _______he is today 就可以判断，第一个空是考察强调句型的特殊疑问形式；第二个空则是表语从句，表语从句中缺少he is的表语。

句意：病人好多了，是什么使得他成为现在这个样子。

13. A考生误以为是地点状语从句，误选C．where。

而reached是及物动词，后边接的是宾语从句，宾语从句除去插入语they thought，应该缺主语。

考察同位语从句，表达A plan的具体内容，has been put forward将名词与从句隔开，加大了难度。

主要测试主语从句。

分析句子结构可知：句子属于形式主语格式；另外主句中缺少主语。

双重作用的引导词只能是what。

例如：It is still doubtful what he said at the meeting yesterday。

昨天他在会上说的话仍然值得怀疑。

名词性从句的引导词。

句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。

此处从句作介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词作从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D。

考查名词性从句，介词from后除了接代词或名词作宾语外，还可接介词短语或副词短语作宾语；由后面“I was born”可以推测from后面可以指时间，也可以指地点，再由所给的选项可得出答案。

考查名词性从句。

宾语从句中缺少主语，因此选what。

20. B考查同位语从句。

此处是由what引导的同位语从句，表示“你有没有可能来机场接我”。

所以选B项。

1. That’s ___ the Party called on us to do.
A. why
B. what
C. how
D. that
2. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. Whether。